Table 1
Protagonists’ statements on German and US house and techno music. Checkmarks anticipate which statement will be supported by our audio analyses (c.f. Section 4.1). MANOVA, SOM, and RF are our analysis methods we used, as described in Section 2.
| Statement | MANOVA | SOM | RF |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early German houses emulated US houses (Volkwein, 2003). | ❍ | ✓ | ❍ |
| Germans found their techno in 1992 (Reige, 2000). | ✓ | ✓ | ❍ |
| The German scene was more dynamic (Scholl, 2019; Sicko, 2010). | ❍ | ✓ | ✓ |
| German megaraves made all music sound the same (Sectro and Wick, 2008). | ❍ | ✗ | ✗ |
| The US failed at establishing extraordinary styles (Reynolds, 2013). | ❍ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Detroit’s second‑generation techno sounded European (Reynolds, 2013). | ❍ | ✓ | ❍ |
| The fall of the Berlin Wall was a catalyst for techno’s breakthrough (Reige, 2000). | ❍ | ❍ | ❍ |
Figure 1
Boxplots of median phase space scores in Germany and the United States over the years.
Figure 2
Boxplots of median channel correlations in Germany and the United States over the years.
Figure 3
Boxplots of the median crest factor in Germany and the United States over the years.
Figure 4
Boxplots of bpm in Germany and the United States over the years.
Figure 5
Unit matrix of the neural network trained with median bpm, phase space, channel correlation, and crest factor of all 9,029 tracks.
Figure 6
Component planes, i.e., magnitude of the four components at each unit.
Figure 7
Distributions of German tracks (left, yellow), US tracks (right, red), and both (center) on the SOM. The interactive SOM is available online.
Figure 8
US house and techno tracks over the years. Every year, new tracks are added to the map. The interactive SOM is available online.
Figure 9
German house and techno tracks over the years. Every year, the new tracks are added to the map. The interactive SOM is available online.
Figure 10
Location variance of tracks on the SOM.
Figure 11
Distances between tracks on the self‑organizing map.
Figure 12
Nine different styles of US house and techno music. The interactive SOM is available online.
Figure 13
Nine different styles of German house and techno music. The interactive SOM is available online.
Figure 14
Confusion matrix of German dance music styles according to a random forest classifier.
Figure 15
Confusion matrix of US dance music styles according to a random forest classifier.