An Audio-Perspective on the Divergent Paths of Techno in Germany and the United States

Many documentaries on early house and techno music exist. Here, protagonists from the scenes describe key elements and events that affected the evolution of the music. In the research community, there is consensus that such descriptions have to be examined critically. Yet, there have not been attempts to validate such statements on the basis of audio analyses. In this study, over 9,000 early house and techno tracks from Germany and the United States of America are analyzed using recording studio features, machine learning, and inferential statistics. Three observations can be made: (1) German and US house/techno music are distinct; (2) US styles are much more alike; and (3) with respect to the recording studio features, US styles scarcely evolved over time compared to German house/techno. These findings are in agreement with documented statements and thus provide an audio-based perspective on why techno became a mass phenomenon in Germany but remained a fringe phenomenon in the United States. Observations like these can help the music industry estimate whether new trends will experience a breakthrough or disappear.