References
- 1Bailenson JN, ‘Nonverbal Overload: A Theoretical Argument for the Causes of Zoom Fatigue’ (2021) 2 Technology, Mind, and Behavior 1 DOI: 10.1037/tmb0000030
- 2Barden J and others, ‘Contextual Moderation of Racial Bias: The Impact of Social Roles on Controlled and Automatically Activated Attitudes’ (2004) 87 Attitudes and Social Cognition 5 DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.87.1.5
- 3Brennan SE and Williams M, ‘The Feeling of Another’s Knowing: Prosody and Filled Pauses as Cues to Listeners about the Metacognitive States of Speakers’ (1995) 34 Journal of Memory and Language 383 DOI: 10.1006/jmla.1995.1017
- 4Bresnahan MJ and others, ‘Attitudinal and Affective Response toward Accented English’ (2002) 22 Language & Communication 171 DOI: 10.1016/S0271-5309(01)00025-8
- 5Brown KA, McKimmie BM and Zarkadi T, ‘The Defendant with the Prison Tattoo: The Effect of Tattoos on Mock Jurors’ Perceptions’ (2018) 25 Psychiatry, Psychology and Law 386 DOI: 10.1080/13218719.2017.1412240
- 6Casper C, Rothermund K and Wentura D, ‘Automatic Stereotype Activation Is Context Dependent’ (2010) 41 Social Psychology 131 DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000019
- 7Chaiken S and Eagly AH, ‘Communication Modality as a Determinant of Persuasion: The Role of Communicator Salience’ (1983) 45 Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 241 DOI: 10.1037//0022-3514.45.2.241
- 8Correll J and others, ‘Dangerous Enough: Moderating Racial Bias with Contextual Threat Cues’ (2011) 47 Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2010.08.017
- 9de Vocht DLF, ‘Trials by Video Link after the Pandemic: The Pros and Cons of the Expansion of Virtual Justice’ (2022) 8 China-EU Law Journal 33 DOI: 10.1007/s12689-022-00095-9
- 10Devine DJ and others, ‘Strength of Evidence, Extraevidentiary Influence, and the Liberation Hypothesis: Data from the Field’ (2009) 33 Law and Human Behavior 136 DOI: 10.1007/s10979-008-9144-x
- 11Devine DJ and Caughlin DE, ‘Do They Matter? A Meta-Analytic Investigation of Individual Characteristics and Guilt Judgments’ (2014) 20 Psychology, Public Policy, and Law 109 DOI: 10.1037/law0000006
- 12Diamond SS and others, ‘Efficiency and Cost: The Impact of Videoconferenced Hearings on Bail Decisions’ (2010) 100 Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology 869
- 13Dobbie W, Goldin J and Yang CS, ‘The Effects of Pre-Trial Detention on Conviction, Future Crime, and Employment: Evidence from Randomly Assigned Judges’ (2018) 108 American Economic Review 201 DOI: 10.1257/aer.20161503
- 14Fauville G and others, ‘Video-Conferencing Usage Dynamics and Nonverbal Mechanisms Exacerbate Zoom Fatigue, Particularly for Women’ (2023) 10 Computers in Human Behavior Reports
100271 DOI: 10.1016/j.chbr.2023.100271 - 15Fontaine G and Kiger R, ‘The Effects of Defendant Dress and Supervision on Judgments of Simulated Jurors: An Exploratory Study’ (1978) 2 Law and Human Behavior 63. DOI: 10.1007/BF01047503
- 16Fox Tree JE, ‘Interpreting Pauses and Ums at Turn Exchanges’ (2002) 34 Discourse Processes 37 DOI: 10.1207/S15326950DP3401_2
- 17Frazier A and others, ‘Courts of the Future? Quantifying the Impact of Technical Problems on Virtual Court Hearings’ (Research Gate, 2021) <
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352092587_Courts_of_the_future_Quantifying_the_impact_of_technical_problems_on_virtual_court_hearings > accessed 23 February 2023 - 18Fuertes J and others, ‘A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Speakers’ Accents on Interpersonal Evaluations’ (2012) 42 European Journal of Social Psychology 120 DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.862
- 19Funk F and Todorov A, ‘Criminal Stereotypes in the Courtroom: Facial Tattoos Affect Guilt and Punishment Differently’ (2013) 19 Psychology, Public Policy, and Law 466 DOI: 10.1037/a0034736
- 20Goldin-Meadow S and others, ‘Explaining Math: Gesturing Lightens the Load’ (2001) 12 Psychological Science 516 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9280.00395
- 21Hamilton DL and Sherman JW,
‘Stereotypes’ in Robert S Wyer and Thomas K Srull (eds), Handbook of social cognition, vol 2 (2nd edn, Psychology Press 2014) <https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1994-97751-008 > - 22Heath WP and Grannemann BD, ‘How Video Image Size Interacts with Evidence Strength, Defendant Emotion, and the Defendant–Victim Relationship to Alter Perceptions of the Defendant’ (2014) 32 Behavioral Sciences and the Law 496 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2120
- 23Hilton JL and von Hippel W, ‘Stereotypes’ (1996) 47 Annual Review of Psychology 237 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.psych.47.1.237
- 24Jones CS and Kaplan MF, ‘The Effects of Racially Stereotypical Crimes on Juror Decision-Making and Information-Processing Strategies’ (2003) 25 Basic and Applied Social Psychology 1 DOI: 10.1207/S15324834BASP2501_1
- 25Kim M-T,
‘Estimating the Impact of Audio-Visual Link on Being Granted Bail’ (NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research 2021) 235 <www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au > - 26Klatt T and others, ‘Looking Bad: Inferring Criminality after 100 Ms’ (2016) 12 Applied Psychology in Criminal Justice 113
- 27Korva N and others, ‘Dangerous Decisions: Influence of Juror Attitudes and Defendant Appearance on Legal Decision-Making’ (2013) 20 Psychiatry, Psychology and Law 384 DOI: 10.1080/13218719.2012.692931
- 28Koza P and Doob AN, ‘The Relationship of Pre-Trial Custody to the Outcome of a Trial’ (1974) 17 Criminal Law Quarterly 391
- 29Krans B and others, ‘Civil Justice and Covid-19’, vol 5 (2020)
- 30Legg M and Song A, ‘The Courts, the Remote Hearing and the Pandemic: From Action to Reflection’ (2021) 44 University of New South Wales Law Journal 126 DOI: 10.53637/ZATE4122
- 31MacLin MK and Herrera V, ‘The Criminal Stereotype’ (2006) 8 North American Journal of Psychology 197
- 32Macrae CN, Milne AB and Bodenhausen GV, ‘Stereotypes as Energy-Saving Devices: A Peek inside the Cognitive Toolbox’ (1994) 66 Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 37 DOI: 10.1037//0022-3514.66.1.37
- 33Maeder EM, Yamamoto S and Ewanation L, ‘Quality-Checking the New Normal: Trial Modality in Online Jury Decision-Making Research’ [2023] Journal of Experimental Criminology 1
- 34McKay C, The Pixelated Prisoner: Prison Video Links, Court ‘Appearance’ and the Justice Matrix (Taylor & Francis Group 2018) DOI: 10.4324/9781315111506
- 35McKay C, ‘Video Links from Prison: Court “Appearance” within Carceral Space’ (2018) 14 Law, Culture and the Humanities 242 DOI: 10.1177/1743872115608350
- 36McKimmie BM, Hays JM and Tait D, ‘Just Spaces: Does Courtroom Design Affect How the Defendant Is Perceived?’ (2016) 23 Psychiatry, Psychology, and Law 885 DOI: 10.1080/13218719.2016.1174054
- 37Nason J,
‘Perceptions of Likability and Credibility of Criminal Defendants Appearance in Court Proceedings via Live or Video Conference’ (Doctoral dissertation, William James College 2021) >ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global< accessed 18 April 2023 - 38Nesher Shoshan H and Wehrt W, ‘Understanding “Zoom Fatigue”: A Mixed-Method Approach’ (2022) 71 Applied Psychology 827 DOI: 10.1111/apps.12360
- 39Nir E and Musial J, ‘Zooming in: Courtrooms and Defendants’ Rights during the COVID-19 Pandemic’ (2022) 31 Social & Legal Studies 725 DOI: 10.1177/09646639221076099
- 40Porter S, ten Brinke L and Gustaw C, ‘Dangerous Decisions: The Impact of First Impressions of Trustworthiness on the Evaluation of Legal Evidence and Defendant Culpability’ (2010) 16 Psychology, Crime & Law 477 DOI: 10.1080/10683160902926141
- 41Rossner M and others, ‘The Dock on Trial: Courtroom Design and the Presumption of Innocence’ (2017) 44 Journal of Law and Society 317 DOI: 10.1111/jols.12033
- 42Rossner M and Tait D, ‘Presence and Participation in a Virtual Court’ (2023) 23 Criminology & Criminal Justice 135 DOI: 10.1177/17488958211017372
- 43Sacks M and Ackerman AR, ‘Bail and Sentencing: Does Pretrial Detention Lead to Harsher Punishment?’ (2014) 25 Criminal Justice Policy Review 59 DOI: 10.1177/0887403412461501
- 44Seggie I, Fulmizi C and Stewart J, ‘Evaluations of Personality Traits and Employment Suitability Based on Various Australian Accents’ (1982) 34 Australian Journal of Psychology 345 DOI: 10.1080/00049538208254729
- 45Smith RG, Savage R and Emami C,
‘Audiovisual Link Technologies in Australian Criminal Courts: Practical and Legal Considerations’ (Australian Institute of Criminology 2021) <https://www.aic.gov.au/publications/rr/rr22 > accessed 28 February 2023 - 46Smith RG, Savage R and Emami C,
‘Benchmarking the Use of Audiovisual Link Technologies in Australian Criminal Courts before the Pandemic’ (Australian Institute of Criminology 2021) <https://www.aic.gov.au/publications/rr/rr23 > accessed 31 January 2023 - 47Terry M, Johnson DS and Thompson P,
‘Virtual Court Pilot Outcome Evaluation’ (Ministry of Justice Research 2010) <https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/virtual-courts-pilot-outcome-evaluation-report > - 48Tsurutani C, ‘Evaluation of Speakers with Foreign-Accented Speech in Japan: The Effect of Accent Produced by English Native Speakers’ (2012) 33 Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 589 DOI: 10.1080/01434632.2012.697465
- 49Williams MR, ‘The Effect of Pretrial Detention on Imprisonment Decisions’ (2003) 28 Criminal Justice Review 299 DOI: 10.1177/073401680302800206
- 50Wittenbrink B, Judd CM and Park B, ‘Spontaneous Prejudice in Context: Variability in Automatically Activated Attitudes’ (2001) 81 Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 815 DOI: 10.1037//0022-3514.81.5.815
