Does Security Imply Safety? On the (Lack of) Correlation Between Different Aspects of Security

		TECHNICAL	PERCEIVED
AGGREGATE	Term	Technical security	Perceived security
	Definition	Freedom from threats of some group of individuals	Perceived freedom from threats of a group of individuals / fear of threats to the aggregate entity
	Empirical representation	$\frac{1}{N} \sum_{i = 1}^{N} t_{i}$	$f (\frac{1}{N} \sum_{i = 1}^{N} t_{i}, η_{j}) e.g. \frac{1}{N} \sum_{i = 1}^{N} t_{i} * η_{j}$
Indicator	Average probability an individual member of a group will be subjected to a particular threat	Perceived average probability an individual member of a group will be subjected to a particular threat/perceived degree to which the aggregate entity is subjected to a particular threat
INDIVIDUAL	Term	Technical safety	Perceived safety
	Definition	Individual freedom from threats	Perceived individual freedom from threats / fear of threats to the individual
	Empirical representation	$t_{i}$	$f (t_{i}, δ_{j}) e.g. t_{i} δ_{j}$
Indicator	Probability an individual will be subjected to a particular threat	Perceived probability an individual will be subjected to a particular threat / degree of fear an individual will be subjected to a particular threat

Perceived security and technical security in the DRC.

Table 2

Correlations between UCDP and ACLED conflict data. ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1.

UCDP data	ACLED data
UCDP data	Casualties from armed conflict events	Casualties from non-state conflict events	Casualties from one-sided violence events
Armed conflict indicator
Spearman correlation	0.5151***
Point bi-serial correlation	0.1215**
Battle-related deaths
Spearman correlation	0.5639***
Pearson correlation	0.1757***
Non-state conflict indicator
Spearman correlation		0.5195***
Point bi-serial correlation		0.2311***
Battle-related deaths from non-state conflict
Spearman correlation		0.5492***
Pearson correlation		0.4764***
One-sided violence indicator
Spearman correlation			0.4501***
Point bi-serial correlation			0.1923***
Deaths from one-sided violence
Spearman correlation			0.5292***
Pearson correlation			0.7469***

Perceived safety in South Sudan in May 2013.

Technical security and perceived safety from the LRA in South Sudan.

Table 3

Correlation distance to LRA-related events, fear and experience of LRA. ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1.

	Fear of LRA		Indicator directly subjected to LRA		Indicator indirectly subjected to LRA
	Spearman	Pearson	Spearman	Point bi-serial	Spearman	Point-biserial
Distance to closest LRA event:
In the last year	−0.0072	−0.0380	−0.0214	0.0070	−0.0469	−0.0534
In the last year, involving civilians	−0.1351***	−0.1873***	−0.0100	−0.0193	0.0675	0.0662
In the last 2 years	−0.0892*	−0.1141**	−0.0212	−0.0363	−0.0432	−0.0378
In the last 2 years involving civilians	−0.0937*	−0.1096**	−0.0230	−0.0341	−0.0023	−0.0159
In the last 5 years	0.0478	−0.0203	0.0217	0.0235	−0.0330	−0.0227
In the last 5 years involving civilians	0.0128	−0.0414	0.0639	0.0400	−0.0126	−0.0140
Average distance to 10 closest LRA events:

In the last year	−0.1560***	−0.1886***	0.0266	−0.0060	0.0559	0.0356
In the last year, involving civilians	−0.1691***	−0.2048***	0.0227	−0.0165	0.0597	0.0667
In the last 2 years	−0.1761***	−0.2160***	−0.0083	−0.0083	0.0840*	0.0692
In the last 2 years involving civilians	−0.2001***	−0.2228***	0.0044	0.0051	0.1092**	0.0986*
In the last 5 years	−0.0251	−0.0815*	0.0498	0.0222	−0.0251	−0.0001
In the last 5 years involving civilians	−0.0487	−0.0923*	0.0498	0.0206	0.0140	0.0043
Fear LRA			0.0539	0.0487	0.0087	−0.0267

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/sta.fw | Journal eISSN: 2165-2627

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Language: English

Published on: Jul 15, 2015

Published by: Department of Peace Studies and International Development, University of Bradford

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

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© 2015 Anouk S Rigterink, published by Department of Peace Studies and International Development, University of Bradford
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 4 (2015): Issue 1

Does Security Imply Safety? On the (Lack of) Correlation Between Different Aspects of Security

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