Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Jihadi Groups and State-Building: The Case of Boko Haram in Nigeria Cover

Jihadi Groups and State-Building: The Case of Boko Haram in Nigeria

Open Access
|Nov 2016

References

  1. Agbiboa D E The ongoing campaign of terror in Nigeria: Boko Haram versus the state Stability: International Journal of Security and Development 2013 2 3 1 18 52. http://www.stabilityjournal.org/articles/10.5334/sta.cl/
  2. Agron A Wanted: Western professionals to join the Islamic State (ISIS) MEMRI Jihad and Terrorism Threat Monitor, Inquiry and Analysis Series No. 1159 2015 May http://www.memrijttm.org/wanted-western-professionals-to-join-the-islamic-state-isis.html
  3. Allamin H A The obligation on public authorities to use reasonable care in preventing and responding to acts of extremist terrorism: The Case of North Eastern Nigeria Presentation to The UN Conference on the Human Rights of Victims of Terrorism 11 February 2016 New York
  4. Amnesty International Amnesty Annual Report 2015–6 Nigeria https://www.amnesty.org/en/countries/africa/nigeria/report-nigeria/
  5. Amnesty International Our job is to shoot, slaughter and kill: Boko Haram’s reign of terror in north east Nigeria 2015a https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/afr44/1360/2015/en/
  6. Amnesty International Boko Haram: Civilians continue to be at risk of human rights abuses by Boko Haram and human rights violations by state security forces 2015b https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/AFR44/2428/2015/en/
  7. Amnesty International Nigeria: Boko Haram: Bombing campaign sees civilian deaths spiral 2015c https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/AFR44/2498/2015/en/
  8. Amnesty International Nigeria: Boko Haram and Nigerian military committing crimes under international law in north east Nigeria Amnesty International written statement to the 28th session of the UN Human Rights Council 2–27 March 2015d http://www.refworld.org/pdfid/54eee0894.pdf
  9. Amnesty International Nigeria: Stars on their shoulders, blood on their hands: War crimes committed by the Nigerian military 2015e https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/afr44/1657/2015/en/
  10. Axiom Consultancy SEED II Program: Exploring the Market Development Component’s Agricultural Initiatives’ Impact on Reducing Conflict/Increasing Stability in Middle and Lower Shabelle, Somalia An independent report for DFID 2014 October
  11. BBC Monitoring Africa Is Islamic State shaping Boko Haram media? 2015 March 4 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-31522469
  12. BBC News Nigeria kidnapped girls ‘shown in Boko Haram video’ 2014 http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-27373287
  13. BBC News Boko Haram Crisis: ‘Huge rise’ in child suicide bombers 2016 April 21 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-36023444
  14. Bloom M Matfess H Women as Symbols and Swords in book Haram’s terror PRISM 2016 6 1 http://cco.ndu.edu/Publications/PRISM/PRISMvolume6,no1/tabid/20716/Article/685093/women-as-symbols-and-swords-in-boko-harams-terror.aspx
  15. Brown K Analysis: why are Western women joining Islamic State? 2014 UK BBC News October 4 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-29507410
  16. Caris C Reynolds S ISIS Governance in Syria Middle East Security Report 22 2014 USA Institute for the Study of War http://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/ISIS_Governance.pdf
  17. Casey C Marginal Muslims: Politics and the Perceptual Bounds of Islamic Authenticity in Northern Nigeria Africa Today 2008 54 3 67 92 10.2979/AFT.2008.54.3.66 http://www.icermediation.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Ethno-Religious-Conflict-in-Nigeria
  18. Center for Civilians in Conflict (CIVIC) ‘When we can’t see the enemy, civilians become the enemy’: Living through Nigeria’s six-year insurgency 2015 USA http://civiliansinconflict.org/uploads/files/publications/NigeriaReport_Web.pdf
  19. Comoli V Boko Haram: Nigeria’s Islamist Insurgency 2015 London C. Hurst & Co. Ltd.
  20. Dele-Adedeji I Iterations of the Shari’ a within Boko Haram’s discourse. Paper delivered at the Researching Nigeria Workshop 2014 London SOAS & University College June 21
  21. Fromson J Simon S ISIS: The Dubious Paradise of Apocalypse Now Survival 57 3 7 56 https://www.iiss.org/en/publications/survival/sections/2015-1e95/survival--global-politics-and-strategy-june-july-2015-b48d/57-3-02-fromson-and-simon-02f4
  22. Gardner J El-Bushra J The Impact of War on Somali Men, LOGiCA Study Series 2015 Washington DC The World Bank http://www.logica-wb.org/PDFs/LOGICA_The_Impact_of_War_on_Somali_Men.pdf
  23. Gates S Podder S Social Media, Recruitment, Allegiance and the Islamic State Perspectives on Terrorism 2015 9 4
  24. Glenn C Timeline: Rise and Spread of the Islamic State 2016 The Wilson Center July https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/timeline-rise-and-spread-the-islamic-state
  25. Grossman L Boko Haram’s New Caliphate 2014 http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2014/08/boko_harams_new_cali.php
  26. Guistozzi A Women’s Rights, Taliban, and Reconciliation: an Overview Central Asia Policy Brief no. 31 2015 November http://centralasiaprogram.org/blog/2015/11/30/womens-rights-taliban-and-reconciliation-an-overview/
  27. Hirst F Support to the Informal Justice Sector in Helmand A report to DFID 2009 April
  28. Human Rights Watch Nigeria: Boko Haram Abducts Women, Recruits Children 2013 http://www.hrw.org/news/2013/11/29/nigeria-boko-haram-abducts-women-recruits-children
  29. Human Rights Watch Those Terrible Weeks in their Camp. Boko Haram Violence against Women and Girls in Northeast Nigeria 2014 October 27 http://features.hrw.org/features/HRW_2014_report/Those_Terrible_Weeks_in_Their_Camp/index.html
  30. International Crisis Group Curbing violence in Nigeria (II): The Boko Haram insurgency Africa Report 216 2014 April 3 http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/regions/africa/west-africa/nigeria/216-curbing-violence-in-nigeria-ii-the-boko-haram-insurgency.aspx
  31. International Organisation of Migration Nigeria Emergency Operations situation Report 2016 May https://www.iom.int/sites/default/files/situation_reports/file/IOM-Nigeria-Emergency-Operations-SitRep-May-2016.pdf
  32. IRIN News Civilian vigilante groups increase dangers in northeastern Nigeria 2013 http://www.irinnews.org/news/2013/12/12/civilian-vigilante-groups-increase-dangers-northeastern-nigeriaICG
  33. Kandiyoti D Kandioti D Introduction Women, Islam and the State 1991 Philadelphia Temple University Press 10.1007/978-1-349-21178-4_1
  34. Kandiyoti D The Politics of Gender and Reconstruction in Afghanistan Occasional Paper 4 2005 United Nations Research Institute for Social Development February 1 http://www.unrisd.org/publications/opgp4
  35. Kaplan S In new beheading video book Haram may be taking pointers from Islamic State Washington Post 2015 March 3 https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2015/03/03/in-new-beheading-video-boko-haram-may-be-taking-pointers-from-islamic-state/
  36. Karlsson C The perpetuation of jihad: Boko Haram, charismatic constructions of jihadist ideology and the rise of Abubakar Shekau 2016 Lund University http://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?func=downloadFile&recordOId=8514046&fileOId=8522150
  37. Kyari M Perouse de Montclos The Message and Methods of Boko Haram’ Boko Haram, Islamism, Politics, Security and the State in Nigeria 2014 Leiden African Studies Centre (ASC) 2 West African Politics and Society Series, https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/23853/ASC-075287668-3441-01.pdf?sequence=2
  38. Ladbury S Women and Extremism: The association of women and girls with jihadi groups and implications for programming Independent paper for DFID 2015 http://r4d.dfid.gov.uk/pdf/outputs/Misc_Gov/61578_Women-Extremism-Full-Report.pdf
  39. Ladbury S Cooperation for Peace Unity (CPAU) Smith D Helmand Justice Mapping Study A report for DFID 2010 Coffey International Development http://cpau.org.af/manimages/publications/Helmand_Justice_Mapping.pdf
  40. LandInfo Somalia: Vulnerability, minority groups, weak clans and individuals at risk 2011 http://www.landinfo.no/asset/1805/1/1805_1.pdf
  41. Lia B Understanding Jihadi Proto-States Perspectives on Terrorism 2015 9 4 http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/441/html
  42. Meleagrou-Hitches A Maher S Sheehan J Lights, Camera, Jihad: Al-Shabaab’s Western Media Strategy Report for the International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation and Political Violence (ICSR) in partnership with the National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2012 London http://icsr.info/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/ICSR-Lights-Camera-Jihad-Report_Nov2012_ForWeb-2.pdf
  43. Mellgard E What is Boko Haram? 2015 http://tonyblairfaithfoundation.org/religion-geopolitics/commentaries/backgrounder/what-boko-haram
  44. Mercy Corps Motivations and empty promises: Voices of former Boko Haram combatants and Nigerian youth 2016 https://www.mercycorps.org/research-resources/motivations-and-empty-promises-voices-former-boko-haram-combatants-and-nigerian
  45. Monguno A K Umara I Why Borno?: History, geography and society in Islamic radicalisation NSRP Project on Radicalization, Counter-Radicalization and De-radicalization in northern Nigeria 2014 Abuja NSRP
  46. Mwangi O G State Collapse, Al-Shabaab, Islamism, and Legitimacy in Somalia Politics, Religion and Ideology 2012 13 4 513 517 Accessed via http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/21567689.2012.725659
  47. Najmabadi A Kandioti D Hazards of Modernity and Morality: Women, State and Ideology in Contemporary Iran Women, Islam and the State 1991 Philadelphia Temple University Press 10.1007/978-1-349-21178-4_3
  48. Nigeria Stability and Reconciliation Programme (NSRP) Conflict Briefing Notes 2014–2016 Available at www.nsrp-nigeria.org
  49. Onuoha F Perouse de Montclos Boko Haram and the evolving Salafi jihadist threat in Nigeria Boko Haram: Islamism, Politics, Security and the State in Nigeria 2015 Leiden African Studies Centre (ASC), West African Politics and Society Series 2 https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/23853/ASC-075287668-3441-01.pdf?sequence=2
  50. Osita-Njoku A Chikere P Consequences of Boko Haram terrorism on women in northern Nigeria Applied Research Journal 2015 May 1 3 101 107 http://arjournal.org/files/2015/05/ARJ-V.1n.3.101-107.pdf
  51. Ostien P Sharia Implementation in Northern Nigeria, 1999–2006: A Sourcebook 2007 Ibadan Spectrum House Accessed via: http://www.sharia-in-africa.net/pages/publications/sharia-implementation-in-northern-nigeria.php
  52. Pantucci R The franchising of Boko Haram RUSI Newsbrief 2014 May 19 https://raffaellopantucci.com/2014/05/21/the-franchising-of-boko-haram/
  53. Pantucci R Jesperson S From Boko Haram to Ansaru 2015 RUSI https://rusi.org/sites/default/files/201504_op_from_boko_haram_to_ansaru.pdf
  54. Pearson E Zenn J Boko Haram and the kidnapping of women: a troubled tactic 2014 http://www.academia.edu/7100681/BOKO_HARAM_AND_THE_KIDNAPPING_OF_WOMEN_A_TROUBLED_TACTIC_E_PEARSON_AND_J_ZENN_March_2014
  55. Petouris T Yemen: Situation Report 2014 Tony Blair Faith Foundation http://tonyblairfaithfoundation.org/religion-geopolitics/country-profiles/yemen/situation-report
  56. Petraeus D Major Global Developments and Strategic Trends 2016 RUSI March 4 https://rusi.org/event/general-david-h-petraeus-major-global-developments-and-strategic-trends
  57. Pérouse de Montclos M-A Perouse de Montclos Boko Haram and politics: From insurgency to terrorism Boko Haram, Islamism, Politics, Security and the State in Nigeria 2014a Leiden African Studies Centre (ASC), West African Politics and Society Series https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/23853/ASC-075287668-3441-01.pdf?sequence=2 2
  58. Pérouse de Montclos M-A Nigeria’s Interminable Insurgency? Addressing the Boko Haram Crisis 2014b Research Paper, Africa Programme, Chatham House September www.chathamhouse.org/sites/files/chathamhouse/field/field_document/20140901BokoHaramPerousedeMontclos_0.pdf
  59. Rafik H Malik N Caliphettes: women and the appeal of Islamic State 2015 Quilliam Foundation November https://www.quilliamfoundation.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/publications/free/caliphettes-women-and-the-appeal-of-is.pdf
  60. Tanchum M Al-Qa’ida’s West African Advance: Nigeria’s Boko Haram, Mali’s Touareg, and the spread of Salafi Jihadism Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs 2012 2
  61. Thurston A ‘The disease is unbelief’: Boko Haram’s religious and political worldview The Brookings Project on U.S. Relations with the Islamic World, Analysis Paper 22 2016 January http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/01/boko-haram-ideology-thurston/brookings-analysis-paper_alex-thurston_final_web.pdf
  62. Tseleq Y Ramey S The Rise of Islamism in Nigeria: An Interdisciplinary Analysis of Religious Violence The University of Alabama McNair Journal 2012 http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.557.2592&rep=rep1&type=pdf
  63. Umar S M Cook J Downie R The Politics of Ethno-Religious Balancing and the Struggle for Power in Nigeria Religious Authority and the State in Africa 2015 CSIS Africa Program October http://csis.org/files/publication/151028_Cooke_ReligiousAuthorityStateAfrica_Web.pdf
  64. UNHRC Report of the Independent Expert on the situation of human rights in Somalia, Shamsul Bari 2010 New York UNHRC March 8 http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900SID/SNAA-83F7NS?OpenDocument
  65. UNICEF Beyond Chibok 2016 http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/files/Beyond_Chibok.pdf
  66. UN Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary General for Children and Armed Conflict Report of the Secretary-General on children and armed conflict 2015 June 5 (A/69/926–S/2015/409)https://childrenandarmedconflict.un.org/
  67. Usman Z El-Taraboulsi S Hawaja KG Mustafa A R Sani U Gender norms and female participation in radical movements in northern Nigeria Compendium of Reports and Papers on Radicalisation, Counter-Radicalisation and De-Radicalisation in Northern Nigeria 2015 Abuja Office of the National Security Adviser (ONSA)
  68. Walker A What is Boko Haram? 2012 Washington United States Institute for Peace (USIP) May 30 Special Report. http://www.usip.org/publications/what-boko-haram
  69. Walker A ‘East the Heart of the Infidel’: the Harrowing of Nigeria and the Rise of Boko Haram 2016a London Hurst and Company
  70. Walker A Join us or die: the birth of Boko Haram The Guardian 2016b February 4
  71. Watchlist Who will care for us? Grave violations against children in northeast Nigeria 2014 http://watchlist.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2111-Watchlist-Nigeria_LR.pdf
  72. World Bank North East Nigeria Recovery and Peace Building Assessment 2016 Washington DC Federal Republic of Nigeria, World Bank, United Nations and European Union 3
  73. Zenn J Boko Haram’s International Connections 2013 West Point, USA Combating Terrorism Center https://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/boko-harams-international-connections
  74. Zenn J Hot Issue: Boko Haram’s Mass-Kidnapping in Chibok: Shekau’s Gains and Objectives 2014a The Jamestown Foundation May 12 http://www.jamestown.org/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=42348&no_cache=1#.VwI8BDYrJ1E
  75. Zenn J The Islamic State of West Africa? 2014b Tony Blair Foundation September http://tonyblairfaithfoundation.org/religion-geopolitics/commentaries/opinion/boko-haram-islamic-state-west-africa
  76. Zenn J Islamic State and West Africa? Terrorism Monitor 2015 The Jamestown Foundation December 17 13 24 http://www.jamestown.org/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=44917&no_cache=1#.VwI-ATYrJ1E
  77. Zenn J Pearson E Women, gender and the evolving tactics of Boko Haram Journal of Terrorism Research 2014 5 1 http://jtr.st-andrews.ac.uk/articles/10.15664/jtr.828/
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/sta.427 | Journal eISSN: 2165-2627
Language: English
Page range: 16 - 16
Submitted on: Aug 3, 2015
Accepted on: Aug 17, 2016
Published on: Nov 30, 2016
Published by: Department of Peace Studies and International Development, University of Bradford
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 2016 Sarah Ladbury, Hamsatu Allamin, Chitra Nagarajan, Paul Francis, Ukoha Okorafor Ukiwo, published by Department of Peace Studies and International Development, University of Bradford
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.