Table 1
List of costs and benefits of online studies. To facilitate evaluation of the importance and consequences of items, costs and benefits indicate a potential trade-off any experimenter would engage in when conducting research online.
| COSTS |
|---|
|
| BENEFITS |
|
Figure 1
Experimental design, dyslexia scores, and data screening visualisations. a) Schematic of the fictional paradigm and trial sequence. First, participants saw an encoding period in which they encoded the location of various stimuli of the same type presented in different locations. A total of eight fixed locations were available on each trial and either three or six locations were filled with items. Then, a spatial retrieval cue was followed by a decision screen presenting three different stimuli of the same type. Participants were instructed to respond as quickly as possible using their physical keyboard. Further experimental details are available from the study’s Open Science Framework repository (Franzen et al., 2022). b) Raincloud plots (Allen et al., 2019) of the simulated dyslexia checklist scores that served as screening tool after the removal of excluded participants. Dyslexia data is depicted in blue colour, while the yellow colour indicates data of the control group. Overlaid boxplots show the median, upper and lower quartile. A maximum score of 40 was used to delineate between participants included in the control group and others without an official dyslexia diagnosis who were excluded from further analyses and this plot. c) Scatterplots of accuracy as a function of reaction time across all conditions (top: measures of central tendency; bottom standard deviations). One mean value per participant computed across mean accuracy or median reaction times of both working memory conditions. Colours indicate groups. Blue dots depict single-participant values of the dyslexia group, whereas yellow dots depict values of the control group. Dashed lines indicate the lower and upper bounds of the 95% confidence interval for all participants included in the analyses.
Figure 2
Overview of suggestions for online research by study stage. Flowchart following the workflow of experimental studies in cognitive psychology and neuroscience.