Table 1
Participant Characteristics (n = 49) of Medical Students and Residents Interviewed about Professionalism at 3 Medical Schools in 2021–2022.a
| DEMOGRAPHIC | NUMBER (%) |
|---|---|
| Institution | |
| Mayo Clinic | 24 (49%) |
| Morehouse | 7 (14%) |
| University of California, San Francisco | 18 (37%) |
| Level of Training | |
| 4th year medical student | 31 (63%) |
| Senior resident | 18 (37%) |
| Specialty (n = 18 residents) | |
| Family Medicine | 3 (17%) |
| General Surgery | 1 (6%) |
| Internal Medicine | 7 (39%) |
| Neurosurgery | 1 (6%) |
| Obstetrics and Gynecology | 2 (11%) |
| Pediatrics | 4 (22%) |
| Race/Ethnicity | |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 10 (20%) |
| Black or African American | 10 (20%) |
| Latinx | 3 (6%) |
| White | 16 (33%) |
| More than one race/ethnicityb | 9 (18%) |
| Prefer not to respond | 1 (2%) |
| Representation in medicine | |
| Underrepresented in medicine (URM)c | 17 (35%) |
| People of color, not URMd | 15 (31%) |
| Gender | |
| Cis Women | 28 (57%) |
| Cis Men | 21 (43%) |
| Sexual Orientation | |
| LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer) | 8 (16%) |
| Straight | 39 (80%) |
| Unsure or prefer not to respond | 2 (4%) |
[i] aReproduced from Maristany D, Hauer KE, Leep Hunderfund AN, et al. The Problem and Power of Professionalism: A Critical Analysis of Medical Students’ and Residents’ Perspectives and Experiences of Professionalism. Acad Med. 2023;98(11S):S32–S41 [4].
bIncludes participants who self-identified as multiple races/ethnicities including Asian, Black, Latinx, Middle Eastern, and White.
cIncludes participants who self-identified as Black/African American, Hispanic/Latinx, Native American/Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, Filipino, Hmong, or Vietnamese.
dIncludes participants who self-identified as a race/ethnicity other than White which is not included in the definition of URM (c).
Figure 1
Four features of feedback literacy from a resident describing a professionalism feedback scenario.
Figure 2
Proposed model for learner responses to professionalism feedback using Carless and Boud’s framework for feedback literacy23 (see main references list: 23. Carless & Boud).