Figure 1
PRISMA Flow diagram.
Table 1
Study Characteristics.
| AUTHOR | YEAR | STUDY OBJECTIVE | STUDY DESIGN | POPULATION | SAMPLE SIZE | RESEARCH FOCUS | OUTCOME MEASURES |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| De Silva [9] | 2013 | Duke-NUS medical student research experience | Observational | Medical students | 109 | Student experiences in research programs | Student involvement in research activities |
| Waaijer [10] | 2019 | Relationship between academic publishing and future careers | Longitudinal | Medical students | 4,145 | Publishing and career development | Research publication rates and their relation to future careers |
| Burge [11] | 2014 | Medical student summer research in family medicine | Program evaluation | Medical students | 40 | Family medicine research program | Program success and student engagement |
| Ommering [12] | 2021 | Motivation in selecting students for research programs | Survey | Medical students | 59 | Research program selection criteria | Motivation for research programs |
| MacDougall [13] | 2010 | Initiating students into research practice | Survey/Qualitative | Medical students | 203 | Supervisors’ recommendations on student research | Supervisor perspectives on initiating students into research |
| Vegt [14] | 2021 | Research integration in biomedical curricula | Survey/Qualitative | Medical science | 87 | Student perspectives on research in curriculum | Student perceptions of research integration in biomedical curricula |
| Ommering [15] | 2021 | Promoting research motivation in medical students | Cross-sectional | Medical students | 243 | Research motivation and self-efficacy | Levels of motivation and self-efficacy among students |
| Ahmed [16] | 2023 | Barriers and solutions to undergraduate research in Pakistan | Thematic analysis | Medical students | 33 | Barriers to undergraduate research | Identified barriers and proposed solutions for research participation |
| Paudel [17] | 2019 | Knowledge, attitudes, and barriers to research in Nepal | Cross-sectional | Medical students | 253 | Knowledge, attitudes, and barriers to research | Barriers to research and students’ attitudes toward research |
| Moller [18] | 2017 | Follow-up survey on student research outcomes | Cross-sectional/Longitudinal | Medical students | 392 | Research productivity and career trajectory | Publication and presentation rates, PhD registration |
Figure 2
Systematic Analysis of Research Engagement. (A) Publication productivity across program types. (B) Distribution of structural and procedural barriers to research participation. (C) Multivariate predictors of sustained research interest. (D) Career trajectories at 5-year follow-up.