Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Struggling with Discrimination: An Intersectional Exploration of Why Unequal Social Relations Persist in Residency Training Programs Cover

Struggling with Discrimination: An Intersectional Exploration of Why Unequal Social Relations Persist in Residency Training Programs

Open Access
|Feb 2026

Authors

Justin T. H. Lam

justin.lam@lhsc.on.ca

Paediatrician, Department of Paediatrics, University of Western Ontario, Toronto, ON; Children’s Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON; Centre researcher, Centre for Education Research and Innovation, Toronto, ON; PhD Candidate, Wilson Centre for Research in Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON

Ryan J. Giroux

ryan.giroux@unityhealth.to

Paediatrician, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON; Women & Children’s Health Program, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON

Han Yan

hhan.yan@mail.utoronto.ca

Family physician, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON

Adelle R. Atkinson

adelle.atkinson@sickkids.ca

Professor of Paediatrics and Vice Chair – Education, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON; Clinician Educator with the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada

Abhaya V. Kulkarni

abhaya.kulkarni@sickkids.ca

Professor, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON

Christopher R. Forrest

christopher.forrest@sickkids.ca

Professor, Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON

Maria Athina (Tina) Martimianakis

tina.martimianakis@utoronto.ca

Professor, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON; Scientist, Wilson Centre for Research in Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/pme.1961 | Journal eISSN: 2212-277X
Language: English
Submitted on: Jun 24, 2025
|
Accepted on: Jan 9, 2026
|
Published on: Feb 10, 2026
Published by: Ubiquity Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2026 Justin T. H. Lam, Ryan J. Giroux, Han Yan, Adelle R. Atkinson, Abhaya V. Kulkarni, Christopher R. Forrest, Maria Athina (Tina) Martimianakis, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.