Table 1
Baseline Characteristics of Participants.
| CHARACTERISTIC | EXPERIMENTAL GROUP (n = 200) | CONTROL GROUP (n = 200) | P-VALUE |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 31.45 ± 6.82 | 30.98 ± 7.13 | 0.631 |
| Gender, n (%) | 0.749 | ||
| Female | 166 (83.0) | 170 (85.0) | |
| Male | 34 (17.0) | 30 (15.0) | |
| Education level, n (%) | 0.873 | ||
| Diploma | 24 (12.0) | 20 (10.0) | |
| Bachelor’s degree | 156 (78.0) | 162 (81.0) | |
| Master’s degree or higher | 20 (10.0) | 18 (9.0) | |
| Years of working experience in OR, mean ± SD | 5.73 ± 3.95 | 5.48 ± 4.16 | 0.662 |
| EOB operation skills (0–100), mean ± SD | 42.68 ± 11.75 | 43.21 ± 12.08 | 0.752 |
| Self-efficacy (10–50), mean ± SD | 25.93 ± 6.42 | 26.15 ± 6.78 | 0.819 |
[i] Note: SD = standard deviation; OR = operating room; EOB = electric operating bed.
Figure 1
Changes in EOB operation skills scores over time for the experimental and control groups. Box plots show median (horizontal line), mean (diamond), interquartile range (box), and range (whiskers) with individual data points. ***p < 0.001 for between-group comparisons at post-intervention and follow-up.
Figure 2
Changes in self-efficacy scores over time for the experimental and control groups. ***p < 0.001 for between-group comparisons at post-intervention and follow-up.
Figure 3
Comparison of satisfaction scores between the experimental and control groups at post-intervention. ***p < 0.001.
Note: Higher scores indicate greater satisfaction. Diamond shapes indicate mean values.
Table 2
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis for Predictors of EOB Operation Skills Improvement.
| PREDICTOR | B | 95% CI | β | P-VALUE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group (experimental vs. control) | 18.37 | 15.63, 21.11 | 0.608 | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | 0.06 | –0.16, 0.28 | 0.026 | 0.574 |
| Gender (female vs. male) | –0.92 | –4.46, 2.62 | –0.022 | 0.610 |
| Education level (higher vs. lower) | 0.81 | –1.67, 3.29 | 0.029 | 0.520 |
| Years of working experience in OR | 0.73 | 0.39, 1.07 | 0.192 | <0.001 |
| Baseline self-efficacy | 0.34 | 0.10, 0.58 | 0.145 | 0.006 |
| Baseline EOB operation skills | –0.23 | –0.37, –0.09 | –0.179 | 0.001 |
[i] Note: CI = confidence interval; OR = operating room; EOB = electric operating bed.
Figure 4
Correlation between self-efficacy and EOB operation skills at post-intervention for the experimental (blue) and control (red) groups, with regression lines and 95% confidence intervals.
Figure 5
Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for self-efficacy in predicting successful acquisition of EOB operation skills (AUC = 0.9).