| Entrustment | The supervisor grants the resident the opportunity to perform clinical tasks autonomously, without direct monitoring |
| Support seeking | The resident seeks the supervisor’s input for a clinical task |
| Monitoring | The supervisor observes the resident’s execution of clinical tasks |
| Modelling | The resident observes the supervisor’s execution of a clinical task |
| Feedback | A mutual co-construction of resident performance and the means to improve it |
| Meaning making | Shared clinical reasoning through iterative questioning and answering, which aims to stimulate critical thinking and to draw out underlying presumptions |
| Dimension | Descriptor |
| Space | Physical layout of the place(s) |
| Actor | Range of people involved |
| Activity | A set of related activities that occur |
| Object | The physical things that are present |
| Act | Single actions people undertake |
| Event | Activities that people carry out |
| Time | The sequencing of events that occur |
| Goal | Things that people are trying to accomplish |
| Feeling | Emotions felt and expressed |
Figure 1
Process of data analysis.
Table 1
Interview participants’ characteristics.
| OBSERVATIONS AND INTERVIEWS | FOCUS GROUPS | |
|---|---|---|
| Residents | ||
| Age (range) | 24–35 | 24–35 |
| Sex (F/M) | 7/0 | 4/0 |
| Years of experience (range) | 1–5 | 1–5 |
| Specialty (N) | ||
| Primary care | ||
| General Practice | 2 | 0 |
| Nursing home care | 1 | 1 |
| Secondary care | ||
| Geriatric Medicine | 5 | 2 |
| Internal Medicine | 2 | 1 |
| Supervisors | ||
| Age (range) | 35–67 | 35–67 |
| Sex (F/M) | 6/3 | 6/3 |
| Specialty | ||
| Geriatric Medicine | 7 | 7 |
| Internal Medicine | 2 | 2 |