References
- Aldao, A., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Schweizer, S. (2010). Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(2), 217–237. 10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.004
- Bardeen, J. R., Fergus, T. A., & Orcutt, H. K. (2012). An examination of the latent structure of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 34(3), 382–392. 10.1007/s10862-012-9280-y
- Berking, M. (2017). Emotieregulatie-training voor psychotherapeuten, klinisch psychologen en psychiaters. Houten: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum. 10.1007/978-90-368-1411-9
- Boden, M. T., & Thompson, R. J. (2017). Meta-analysis of the association between emotional clarity and attention to emotions. Emotion Review, 9(1), 79–85. 10.1177/1754073915610640
- Braet, C., Cracco, E., Theuwis, L., Grob, A., & Smolenski, C. (2013). FEEL-KJ: Vragenlijst over emotieregulatie bij kinderen en jongeren. Amsterdam: Hogrefe. ISBN 5703002.
- Braet, C., Theuwis, L., Van Durme, K., Vandewalle, J., Vandevivere, E., Wante, L., … & Goossens, L. (2014). Emotion regulation in children with emotional problems. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 38(5), 493–504. 10.1007/s10608-014-9616-x
- Cracco, E., Goossens, L., & Braet, C. (2017). Emotion regulation across childhood and adolescence: evidence for a maladaptive shift in adolescence. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 26(8), 909–921. 10.1007/s00787-017-0952-8
- Cracco, E., Van Durme, K., & Braet, C. (2015). Validation of the FEEL-KJ: an instrument to measure emotion regulation strategies in children and adolescents. PLOS ONE, 10(9),
e0137080 . 10.1371/journal.pone.0137080 - Crone, E. A., & Dahl, R. E. (2012). Understanding adolescence as a period of social affective engagement and goal flexibility. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 13(9), 636–650. 10.1038/nrn3313
- De Bolle, M. (2007). Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children (PANAS-C) [Dutch authorized translation of Laurent et al., 1999]. Unpublished manuscript.
- De Witte, N. A., Sütterlin, S., Braet, C., & Mueller, S. C. (2016). Getting to the heart of emotion regulation in youth: The role of interoceptive sensitivity, heart rate variability, and parental psychopathology. PLOS ONE, 11(10),
e0164615 . 10.1371/journal.pone.0164615 - Eastabrook, J. M., Flynn, J. J., & Hollenstein, T. (2014). Internalizing symptoms in female adolescents: Associations with emotional awareness and emotion regulation. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 23(3), 487–496. 10.1007/s10826-012-9705-y
- Eysenck, H. J. (1967). The biological basis of personality, Vol. 689. New York, NY: Transaction Publishers.
- Fombouchet, Y., Pineau, S., Perchec, C., Lucenet, J., & Lannegrand, L. (2023). The development of emotion regulation in adolescence: What do we know and where to go next? Social Development, 32(4), 1227–1242. 10.1111/sode.12684
- Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56(3), 218. 10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.218
- Füstös, J., Gramann, K., Herbert, B. M., & Pollatos, O. (2012). On the embodiment of emotion regulation: interoceptive awareness facilitates reappraisal. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 8(8), 911–917. 10.1093/scan/nss089
- Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26(1), 41–54. 10.1023/B:JOBA.0000007455.08539.94
- Gray, J. A. (1970). The psychophysiological basis of introversion extraversion. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 8(3), 249–266. 10.1016/0005-7967(70)90069-0
- Gross, J. J. (1998). The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review of General Psychology, 2(3), 271–299. 10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.271
- Gross, J. J. (2015). Emotion regulation: Current status and future prospects. Psychological Inquiry, 26(1), 1–26. 10.1080/1047840X.2014.940781
- Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), 348. 10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348
- Gyurak, A., Gross, J. J., & Etkin, A. (2011). Explicit and implicit emotion regulation: a dual-process framework. Cognition and Emotion, 25(3), 400–412. 10.1080/02699931.2010.544160
- Harding, K. A., Hudson, M. R., & Mezulis, A. (2014). Cognitive mechanisms linking low trait positive affect to depressive symptoms: A prospective diary study. Cognition and Emotion, 28(8), 1502–1511. 10.1080/02699931.2014.889661
- Hollingshead, A. B. (1975). Four factor index of social status. Yale University.
- Hyde, J. S., Mezulis, A. H., & Abramson, L. Y. (2008). The ABCs of depression: integrating affective, biological, and cognitive models to explain the emergence of the gender difference in depression. Psychological Review, 115(2), 291. 10.1037/0033-295X.115.2.291
- Joormann, J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2010). Emotion regulation in depression: Relation to cognitive inhibition. Cognition and Emotion, 24(2), 281–298. 10.1080/02699930903407948
- Kim, Y., Akkurt, Ç., & Yoon, S. (2025). Two facets of emotional awareness and psychological distress: A meta-analysis. Emotion. 10.1037/emo0001599
- Koster, E. H., De Lissnyder, E., Derakshan, N., & De Raedt, R. (2011). Understanding depressive rumination from a cognitive science perspective: The impaired disengagement hypothesis. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(1), 138–145. 10.1016/j.cpr.2010.08.005
- Lane, R. D., & Schwartz, G. E. (1987). Levels of emotional awareness: a cognitive developmental theory and its application to psychopathology. American Journal of Psychiatry.
- Laurent, J., Catanzaro, S. J., Joiner, T. E.
Jr. , Rudolph, K. D., Potter, K. I., Lambert, S., … & Gathright, T. (1999). A measure of positive and negative affect for children: Scale development and preliminary validation. Psychological Assessment, 11(3), 326. 10.1037/1040-3590.11.3.326 - Lo, H. T. F., Malmberg, L. E., Helena Maria Heemskerk, C. H., Esser, P., Dawes, H., & Roebers, C. M. (2025). Affect and executive function dynamics in primary school classrooms: An intensive longitudinal study. Cognition and Emotion, 39(5), 1051–1063. 10.1080/02699931.2024.2427886
- Lonigan, C. J., Phillips, B. M., & Hooe, E. S. (2003). Relations of positive and negative affectivity to anxiety and depression in children: evidence from a latent variable longitudinal study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(3), 465. 10.1037/0022-006X.71.3.465
- McRae, K., Reiman, E. M., Fort, C. L., Chen, K., & Lane, R. D. (2008). Association between trait emotional awareness and dorsal anterior cingulate activity during emotion is arousal dependent. Neuroimage, 41(2), 648–655. 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.02.030
- Mezulis, A., Simonson, J., McCauley, E., & Vander Stoep, A. (2011). The association between temperament and depressive symptoms in adolescence: Brooding and reflection as potential mediators. Cognition & Emotion, 25(8), 1460–1470. 10.1080/02699931.2010.543642
- Neubauer, A. B., Dirk, J., & Schmiedek, F. (2019). Momentary working memory performance is coupled with different dimensions of affect for different children: A mixture model analysis of ambulatory assessment data. Developmental Psychology, 55(4), 754. 10.1037/dev0000668
- Neumann, A., van Lier, P. A., Gratz, K. L., & Koot, H. M. (2010). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation difficulties in adolescents using the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Assessment, 17(1), 138–149. 10.1177/1073191109349579
- Ost, L., Van Beveren, M. L., & Braet, C. (2019). Het belang van veerkracht. De rol van emotioneel bewustzijn en emotieregulatiestrategieën bij angst, boosheid en verdriet in de ontwikkeling van depressieve symptomen tijdens de adolescentie. Tijdschrift voor kinder- en jeugdpsychiatrie, 46(1).
- Paulhus, D. L. (2002).
Socially desirable responding: The evolution of a construct . In: H. Braun, D.N. Jackson, & D.E. Wiley (Eds.), The role of constructs in psychological and educational measurement (pp. 67–88).Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. - Pollatos, O., Matthias, E., & Keller, J. (2015). When interoception helps to overcome negative feelings caused by social exclusion. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 786. 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00786
- Rothbart, M. K., & Posner, M. I. (2006). Temperament, attention, and developmental psychopathology. In D. Cicchetti & D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology: Vol. 2. Developmental Neuroscience (2nd ed., pp. 465–501). 10.1002/9780470939390.ch11
- Rothbart, M. K., & Sheese, B. E. (2007).
Temperament and emotion regulation . In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (331–350). New York: The Guilford Press. - Rothbart, M. K., Ahadi, S. A., & Evans, D. E. (2000). Temperament and personality: origins and outcomes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(1), 122. 10.1037/0022-3514.78.1.122
- Rothbart, M. K., & Bates, J. E. (2006).
Temperament . In W. Damon, R. Lerner, & N. Eisenberg (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology, sixth edition: Social, emotional, and personality development (Vol. 3). 99–106. New York: Wiley. - Schäfer, J. Ö., Naumann, E., Holmes, E. A., Tuschen-Caffier, B., & Samson, A. C. (2017). Emotion regulation strategies in depressive and anxiety symptoms in youth: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46(2), 261–276. 10.1007/s10964-016-0585-0
- Somerville, L. H., Jones, R. M., & Casey, B. J. (2010). A time of change: behavioral and neural correlates of adolescent sensitivity to appetitive and aversive environmental cues. Brain and Cognition, 72(1), 124–133. 10.1016/j.bandc.2009.07.003
- Szczygieł, D., Buczny, J., & Bazińska, R. (2012). Emotion regulation and emotional information processing: The moderating effect of emotional awareness. Personality and Individual Differences, 52(3), 433–437. 10.1016/j.paid.2011.11.005
- Thompson, R. A. (2007).
The development of the person: Social understanding, relationships, conscience, self . In W. Damon, R. Lerner, & N. Eisenberg (Eds.), Handbook of Child Psychology: Vol 3. Social, emotional, and personality development (6th ed., pp. 24–98). New York: Wiley. 10.1002/9780470147658.chpsy0302 - Tugade, M. M., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2007). Regulation of positive emotions: Emotion regulation strategies that promote resilience. Journal of Happiness Studies, 8(3), 311–333. 10.1007/s10902-006-9015-4
- Van Beveren, M. L., De Clercq, B., & Braet, C. (2020). Just the way you are. Understanding emotion regulation strategies in youth from temperamental differences. Journal of Research in Personality, 88, 103989. 10.1016/j.jrp.2020.103989
- Van Beveren, M. L., Goossens, L., Volkaert, B., Grassmann, C., Wante, L., Vandeweghe, L., … & Braet, C. (2019). How do I feel right now? Emotional awareness, emotion regulation, and depressive symptoms in youth. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 28(3), 389–398. 10.1007/s00787-018-1203-3
- Van Beveren, M. L., Harding, K., Beyers, W., & Braet, C. (2018). Don’t worry, be happy: The role of positive emotionality and adaptive emotion regulation strategies for youth depressive symptoms. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 57(1), 18–41. 10.1111/bjc.12151
- Van Beveren, M. L., Mezulis, A., Wante, L., & Braet, C. (2016). Joint contributions of negative emotionality, positive emotionality, and effortful control on depressive symptoms in youth. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 48(1), 131–142. 10.1080/15374416.2016.1233499
- Verstraeten, K., Vasey, M. W., Raes, F., & Bijttebier, P. (2012). The mediational role of responses to positive affect in the association between temperament and (hypo) manic symptoms in children. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 36(6), 768–775. 10.1007/s10608-011-9402-y
- Vine, V., Aldao, A., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2014). Chasing clarity: Rumination as a strategy for making sense of emotions. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology, 5(3), 229–243. 10.5127/jep.038513
- Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Chen, M., & Chen, Y. (2021). Adolescents’ daily executive function: Methodological considerations, daily variation, and associations with daily experiences. Psychological Assessment, 33(10), 973. 10.1037/pas0001040
- Zimmermann, P., & Iwanski, A. (2014). Emotion regulation from early adolescence to emerging adulthood and middle adulthood: Age differences, gender differences, and emotion-specific developmental variations. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 38(2), 182–194. 10.1177/0165025413515405