Table 1
Descriptive statistics and correlations between temperament, emotional awareness and emotion regulation strategies.
| VARIABLES | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | M (SD) | MIN | MAX |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. NE | 32.15 (9.10) | 15.00 | 64.00 | ||||
| 2. PE | –.08 | 45.44 (6.82) | 22.00 | 95.00 | |||
| 3. EA | .06 | .16* | 17.99 (4.50) | 6.00 | 28.00 | ||
| 4. AD ER | –.20** | .26** | .30** | 135.60 (25.83) | 78.00 | 210.00 | |
| 5. MAL ER | .56** | –.09 | .17* | –.02 | 71.91 (14.58) | 31.00 | 117.00 |
[i] Note. NE negative emotionality, PE positive emotionality, EA emotional awareness, AD ER total adaptive ER strategies, MAL ER total maladaptive ER strategies.
* p < .05; ** p < .01.
Table 2
Summary of hierarchical regressions concerning research model one and two.
| N | B | SE B | β | T | F | R2 CHANGE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DV: adaptive ER strategies (AD ER) | |||||||
| STEP 1 | |||||||
| PE | 219 | 5.60 | 1.65 | .22 | 3.38*** | ||
| EA | 219 | 6.91 | 1.65 | .27 | 4.19*** | 17.10*** | .14*** |
| STEP 2 | |||||||
| PE | 219 | 5.36 | 1.68 | .21 | 3.19** | ||
| EA | 219 | 6.92 | 1.65 | .27 | 4.19*** | ||
| PE × EA | 219 | 1.14 | 1.65 | .04 | .69 | 11.53*** | .002 |
| DV: maladaptive ER strategies (MAL ER) | |||||||
| STEP 1 | |||||||
| Age | 219 | .11 | .04 | .19 | 2.85** | 8.14** | .04** |
| STEP 2 | |||||||
| Age | 219 | .08 | .04 | .15 | 2.19* | ||
| PE | 219 | –.08 | .07 | –.08 | –1.10 | ||
| EA | 219 | .16 | .07 | .16 | 2.29* | 4.66** | .03 |
| STEP 3 | |||||||
| Age | 219 | .08 | .04 | .15 | 2.18* | ||
| PE | 219 | –.07 | .07 | –.07 | –.97 | ||
| EA | 219 | .16 | .07 | .16 | 2.28* | ||
| PE × EA | 219 | –.04 | .07 | –.04 | –.61 | 3.58** | .002 |
[i] Note. PE positive emotionality, EA emotional awareness, AD ER total adaptive ER strategies, MAL ER total maladaptive ER strategies.
* p < .05; ** p < .01; *** p < .001.
Table 3
Summary of hierarchical regressions concerning research model three and four.
| N | B | SE B | β | T | F | R2 CHANGE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DV: adaptive ER strategies (AD ER) | |||||||
| STEP 1 | |||||||
| NE | 219 | –.21 | .06 | –.21 | –3.37*** | ||
| EA | 219 | .31 | .06 | .31 | 4.95*** | 17.04*** | .14*** |
| STEP 2 | |||||||
| NE | 219 | –.21 | .06 | –.21 | –3.36*** | ||
| EA | 219 | .31 | .07 | .31 | 4.81*** | ||
| NE × EA | 219 | –.01 | .07 | –.01 | –.09 | 11.31*** | .000 |
| DV: maladaptive ER strategies (MAL ER) | |||||||
| STEP 1 | |||||||
| Age | 219 | .11 | .04 | .19 | 2.85** | 8.14** | .04** |
| STEP 2 | |||||||
| Age | 219 | .08 | .03 | .14 | 2.48* | ||
| NE | 219 | .54 | .06 | .54 | 9.86*** | ||
| EA | 219 | .12 | .06 | .12 | 2.08* | 38.57*** | .31*** |
| STEP 3 | |||||||
| Age | 219 | .08 | .03 | .15 | 2.63** | ||
| NE | 219 | .54 | .06 | .54 | 9.75*** | ||
| EA | 219 | .09 | .06 | .09 | 1.60 | ||
| NE × EA | 219 | –.12 | .06 | –.12 | –2.07* | 30.44*** | .01* |
[i] Note. NE negative emotionality, EA emotional awareness, AD ER total adaptive ER strategies MAL ER total maladaptive ER strategies.
* p < .05; ** p < .01; *** p < .001.
Figure 1
The interaction effect of negative emotionality (NE) and emotional awareness (EA) on maladaptive ER strategies (MAL ER).