Figure 1
Experimental procedures for the four locomotor conditions: straight walking, straight running, walking with turning, and running with turning.
Figure 2
SPM results for left–right comparisons of ankle, knee, and hip kinematics and kinetics during the running stance phase. Shaded areas denote phases with significant between-limb differences, together with the corresponding t-statistics across participants.
Figure 3
SPM-based left–right comparisons of ankle, knee, and hip kinematics and kinetics during the running-with-turning stance phase. Shaded areas represent significant between-limb differences across participants, with dashed lines indicating the significance level (p = 0.05).
Figure 4
SPM results for left–right comparisons of ankle, knee, and hip kinematic and kinetic variables during the walking stance phase. Shaded regions indicate time intervals with significant differences, and dashed lines represent the critical threshold (p = 0.05).
Figure 5
SPM results for left–right comparisons of ankle, knee, and hip kinematic and kinetic variables during the walking with turning stance phase. Shaded regions indicate time intervals with significant differences, and dashed lines represent the critical threshold (p = 0.05).