Table 1
Basic information of subjects.
| STRIKING PATTERN | AGE (YEARS) | WEIGHT (KG) | HEIGHT (CM) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Forefoot Strike | 24.43 ± 2.46 | 54.32 ± 1.32 | 165.82 ± 2.12 |
| Rearfoot Strike | 23.76 ± 3.67 | 55.69 ± 1.6 | 167.42 ± 1.97 |
Figure 1
Location of ultrasonic probe in GM and GL.
Table 2
RMS value of gastrocnemius muscle in the whole gait cycle.
| GAIT PHASE | GM RMS AMPLITUDE (%) | GL RMS AMPLITUDE (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FOREFOOT STRIKING | REARFOOT STRIKING | FOREFOOT STRIKING | REARFOOT STRIKING | |
| 0–15% of Gait Cycle | 0.5712 ± 0.0817 | 0.5526 ± 0.0607 | 0.5463 ± 0.0580 | 0.5631 ± 0.0610 |
| 30–50% of Gait Cycle | 0.1592 ± 0.0754* | 0.0817 ± 0.0661 | 0.2001 ± 0.0982** | 0.0631 ± 0.0286 |
| 70–80% of Gait Cycle | 0.1381 ± 0.0611* | 0.0789 ± 0.0564 | 0.1424 ± 0.0514*** | 0.0527 ± 0.0222 |
| 80–90% of Gait Cycle | 0.1821 ± 0.0452*** | 0.0885 ± 0.0391 | 0.1736 ± 0.0539*** | 0.0789 ± 0.0317 |
| 90–100% of Gait Cycle | 0.2819 ± 0.0278*** | 0.2315 ± 0.0253 | 0.2887 ± 0.0349*** | 0.2175 ± 0.0243 |
Figure 2
RMS amplitude of EMG in a gait cycle. The gray dotted line stands for the mean value of FFS and gray band represents the standard deviation for FFS, while the red line stands for the mean value of RFS and red band represents the standard deviation for RFS.
Table 3
MF value (hz) of gastrocnemius under different landing modes.
| GASTROCNEMIUS MUSCLE | FOREFOOT STRIKING (FFS) | REARFOOT STRIKING (RFS) |
|---|---|---|
| GM | 51.27 ± 17.09 | 47.00 ± 16.14 |
| GL | 55.82 ± 12.94 | 52.12 ± 17.58 |
Figure 3
Comparison of gastrocnemius MF value (Hz), muscle thickness, muscle fiber length and pennation angle under different striking and landing modes.
Table 4
Comparison of muscle thickness, pennation angle and muscle fiber length of gastrocnemius muscle on striking of forefoot and heel.
| VARIABLE | FOREFOOT STRIKING (FFS) | REARFOOT STRIKING (RFS) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MEAN ± STANDARD DEVIATION | RANGE | MEAN ± STANDARD DEVIATION | RANGE | |
| Muscle thickness (cm) | ||||
| GM | 1.63 ± 0.18* | 1.25–1.82 | 1.89 ± 0.24 | 1.5–2.22 |
| GL | 1.27 ± 0.35 | 0.82–1.86 | 1.49 ± 0.32 | 0.99–2.05 |
| Pennation angle (°) | ||||
| GM | 19.78 ± 3.83 | 15–26 | 21.37 ± 4.61 | 17–29 |
| GL | 16.33 ± 3 | 13–22 | 13.94 ± 1.74 | 12–17 |
| Muscle fiber length (cm) | ||||
| GM | 4.96 ± 0.96 | 3.34–6.14 | 5.36 ± 1.11 | 4.08–7.17 |
| GL | 4.61 ± 1.48* | 3.07–7.69 | 6.24 ± 1.57 | 4.80–9.62 |