Evaluating UDPipe 2 and Stanza for Morphosyntactic Annotation of Late Latin: A Pilot Study on Sixth-Century Texts
References
- Bamman, D., & Crane, G. (2006). The Design and Use of a Latin Dependency Treebank. In: J. Hajič & J. Nivre (eds.), Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop on Treebanks and Linguistic Theories (pp. 67–78). Prague:
ÚFAL MFF UK . - Banniard, M. (2020). Viva voce: Comunicazione scritta e comunicazione orale nell’Occidente latino dal IV al IX secolo (L. Cristante & F. Romanini, Eds.). Trieste: Edizioni Università di Trieste
- Berzak, Y., Huang, Y., Barbu, A., Korhonen, A., & Katz, B. (2016). Anchoring and agreement in syntactic annotations. In J. Su, K. Duh, & X. Carreras (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2016 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (pp. 2215–2224). Austin:
Association for Computational Linguistics . 10.18653/v1/D16-1239 - Biagetti, E., & Brigada Villa, L. (2023, August 29–September 1). Verb–object pairs in the Latin, Gothic, Armenian, and Old Church Slavonic translations of the Gospels: A treebank-based quantitative study on the influence of Greek word order [Paper presentation]. 56th Annual Meeting of the Societas Linguistica Europaea, Athens
- Buchholz, S., & Marsi, E. (2006). CoNLL-X shared task on multilingual dependency parsing. In L. Màrquez & D. Klein (Eds.), Proceedings of the Tenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning (CoNLL-X) (pp. 149–164). New York City:
Association for Computational Linguistics . 10.3115/1596276.1596305 - Busa, R. (1974–1980). Index Thomisticus. Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt: Frommann-Holzboog
- Corbetta, C., Moretti, G., & Passarotti, M. (2025, January 29–30). How to … Ellipsis: a Proposal from Old Italian for the Annotation of Elliptical Structures in UD [Paper presentation]. UniDive 3rd General Meeting,
Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics , Budapest. 10.63317/32zvso57vq2k - Corbetta, C., Passarotti, M., & Moretti, G. (2024). The rise and fall of dependency parsing in Dante Alighieri’s Divine Comedy. In R. Sprugnoli & M. Passarotti (Eds.), Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Language Technologies for Historical and Ancient Languages (LT4HALA) @ LREC-COLING-2024 (pp. 50–56). Torino:
ELRA and ICCL - Cuzzolin, P., & Haverling, G. (2009).
Syntax, sociolinguistics, and literary genres . In P. Baldi & P. Cuzzolin (Eds.), New perspectives on historical Latin syntax: Volume 1 Syntax of the Sentence (pp. 19–64). Berlin/New York: De Gruyter Mouton. 10.1515/9783110205626.19 - de Marneffe, M.-C., Manning, C. D., Nivre, J., & Zeman, D. (2021). Universal Dependencies. Computational Linguistics, 47(2), 255–308. 10.1162/coli_a_00402
- Eckhoff, H. M., Luraghi, S., & Passarotti, M. (Eds.). (2020). Diachronic treebanks for historical linguistics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/bct.113
- Ernout, A., & Thomas, F. (1951). Syntaxe latine. Paris: Klincksieck
- Gasti, F. (2013). Profilo storico della letteratura tardolatina. Pavia: Pavia University Press
- Haverling, G. (1988). Studies on Symmachus’ language and style. Göteborg: Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis
- Hedderich, M. A., Lange, L., Adel, H., Strötgen, J., & Klakow, D. (2021). A survey on recent approaches for natural language processing in low-resource scenarios. In K. Toutanova, A. Rumshisky, L. Zettlemoyer, D. Hakkani-Tur, I. Beltagy, S. Bethard, R. Cotterell, T. Chakraborty, & Y. Zhou (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2021 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (pp. 2545–2568). Online:
Association for Computational Linguistics . 10.18653/v1/2021.naacl-main.201 - Hofmann, J. B., & Szantyr, A. (1965). Lateinische Syntax und Stilistik. München: Beck
- Iurescia, F., Passarotti, M., & Sprugnoli, R. (2026). Overview of the dependency parsing task at EvaLatin 2026. In R. Sprugnoli & M. Passarotti (Eds.), Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on Language Technologies for Historical and Ancient Languages (LT4HALA 2026) @ LREC 2026 (pp. 211–218). Palma:
European Language Resources Association . 10.63317/2j3y8jv8ktyd - Jurafsky, D., & Martin, J. H. (2024). Speech and language processing: An introduction to natural language processing, computational linguistics, and speech recognition (3rd ed. draft). Retrieved from
https://web.stanford.edu/~jurafsky/slp3/ (last accessed: 21 September 2026). - Khan, M., Dickinson, M., & Kübler, S. (2013). Towards domain adaptation for parsing web data. In R. Mitkov, G. Angelova, & K. Bontcheva (Eds.), Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing RANLP 2013 (pp. 357–364). Hissar:
INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen - Ledgeway, A. (2012). From Latin to Romance: Morphosyntactic typology and change. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199584376.001.0001
- Lewis, C. T., & Short, C. (1879). A Latin dictionary: Founded on Andrews’ edition of Freund’s Latin dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press
- Nehrdich, S., & Hellwig, O. (2022). Accurate dependency parsing and tagging of Latin. In R. Sprugnoli & M. Passarotti (Eds.), Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Language Technologies for Historical and Ancient Languages (pp. 20–25). Marseille:
European Language Resources Association - Passarotti, M. (2019).
The Project of the Index Thomisticus Treebank . In M. Berti (Ed.), Digital Classical Philology: Ancient Greek and Latin in the Digital Revolution (pp. 299–320). Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter Saur. DOI: 10.1515/9783110599572-017 - Passarotti, M., Iurescia, F., & Ruffolo, P. (2025). Harmonizing divergent lemmatization and part-of-speech tagging practices for Latin participles through the LiLa Knowledge Base. In S. Peng & I. Rehbein (Eds.), Proceedings of the 19th Linguistic Annotation Workshop (LAW-XIX-2025) (pp. 103–114). Vienna:
Association for Computational Linguistics . 10.18653/v1/2025.law-1.8 - Passarotti, M., McGillivray, B., & Bamman, D. (2015). A treebank-based study on Latin word order. In G. Haverling (Ed.), Latin linguistics in the early 21st century: Acts of the 16th International Colloquium on Latin Linguistics, Uppsala,
June 6th–11th, 2011 (pp. 338–350). Uppsala:Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis - Pinkster, H. (2015). The Oxford Latin syntax: Volume 1, The simple clause. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199283613.001.0001
- Pinkster, H. (2021). The Oxford Latin syntax: Volume 2, The complex sentence and discourse. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 10.1093/oso/9780199230563.001.0001
- Qi, P., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y., Bolton, J., & Manning, C. D. (2020). Stanza: A Python natural language processing toolkit for many human languages. In A. Celikyilmaz & T.-H. Wen (Eds.), Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations (pp. 101–108). Online:
Association for Computational Linguistics . 10.18653/v1/2020.acl-demos.14 - Riemenschneider, F., & Frank, A. (2023). Exploring large language models for classical philology. In Proceedings of the 61st annual meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) (pp. 15181–15199). Toronto, Canada:
Association for Computational Linguistics . 10.18653/v1/2023.acl-long.846 - Sommerschield, T., Assael, Y., Pavlopoulos, J., Stefanak, V., Senior, A., Dyer, C., Bodel, J., Prag, J., Androutsopoulos, I., & de Freitas, N. (2023). Machine learning for ancient languages: A survey. Computational Linguistics, 49(3), 703–747. 10.1162/coli_a_00481
- Sprugnoli, R., Iurescia, F., & Passarotti, M. (2024). Overview of the EvaLatin 2024 evaluation campaign. In R. Sprugnoli & M. Passarotti (Eds.), Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Language Technologies for Historical and Ancient Languages (LT4HALA) @ LREC-COLING-2024 (pp. 190–197). Torino:
ELRA and ICCL . 10.63317/2ip45gum7dfg - Straka, M. (2018). UDPipe 2.0 prototype at CoNLL 2018 UD shared task. In D. Zeman & J. Hajič (Eds.), Proceedings of the CoNLL 2018 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies (pp. 197–207). Brussels:
Association for Computational Linguistics . 10.18653/v1/K18-2020 - Straka, M., Straková, J., & Gamba, F. (2024). ÚFAL LatinPipe at EvaLatin 2024: Morphosyntactic analysis of Latin. In R. Sprugnoli & M. Passarotti (Eds.), Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Language Technologies for Historical and Ancient Languages (LT4HALA) @ LREC-COLING-2024 (pp. 207–214). Torino:
ELRA and ICCL . 10.63317/5ogjqhfzdgra - Thesaurus linguae Latinae. (1900–). Leipzig: B. G. Teubner. Retrieved from
https://thesaurus.badw.de/tll-digital/tll-open-access.html (last accessed: 21 September 2026).
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/johd.630 | Journal eISSN: 2059-481X
Language: English
Page range: 140 - 140
Submitted on: Aug 7, 2026
Accepted on: Sep 22, 2026
Published on: Oct 26, 2026
Published by: Ubiquity Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
© 2026 Annachiara Clementelli, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.