Figure 1
Map overview of sampled varieties colored by subgroup (Auderset et al., 2023a) with an inset showing the location of the detailed map within Mesoamerica.
Table 1
Proto-Mixtec phoneme inventory.
| DENTAL | VELAR | LABIO-VELAR | GLOTTAL | FRONT | CENTRAL | BACK | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plosive | t | k | kw | ʔ | close i | ɨ | u |
| prenasalized pl. | nd | mid e | o | ||||
| nasal | n | open | a | ||||
| fricative | s | ||||||
| affricate | tʃ | ||||||
| approximant | (l) | j | w | suprasegmentals: | vowel nasality; tone |
Figure 2
Schematic overview of the interlinking of files of the database. Metadata components are given in blue, source data in orange, and analysis files in red. Black boxes with white text represent the unique identifiers used to link one file with another. Possible links are shown with lines between elements.
Table 2
Excerpt from the cognate database.
| ID | MEANING | DOCULECT | SOURCE_ORTHOGRAPHIC | TOKENS | COGID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2105 | SALT | SanJuanDiuxiMixtec | ñίί | ɲ ɨ 5 ɨ 5 | 624 |
| 20187 | SALT | SanMartinDuraznosMixtec | ñìì | ɲ i 1 i 1 | 624 |
| 6646 | SALT | SantaMariaZacatepecMixtec | ñii | ɲ i i | 624 |
| 2127 | RIVER | SanJuanDiuxiMixtec | yúté | ʒ u 5 t e 5 | 607 |
| 19559 | RIVER | SanMartinDuraznosMixtec | yìtxa | ʒ i 1 tɕ a 3 | 607 |
| 12814 | RIVER | SantaMariaZacatepecMixtec | ju²ʧa²1 | j u 3 tʃ a 31 | 607 |
Table 3
Excerpt from the proto-forms database.3
| COGID | MEANING | PMX | PMX_JOSSERAND | JOSSERANDID | PMX_DURR | DURRID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 294 | GRASS | *ite | ||||
| 662 | SLOW | *kweji | kweje | 163 | ||
| 607 | RIVER | *jute | jute | 23 | jute | 58 |
| 107 | CHILI PEPPER | *jaʔaʔ | jaʔaʔ | 12 | ||
| 624 | SALT | *jɨĩʔ | jɨĩʔ | 41 |
Table 4
| ID | SOUND_FROM | SOUND_TO | ENVIRONMENT_LEFT | ENVIRONMENT_RIGHT |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| E17 | *e | a | {i,u}t | |
| U32 | *u | i | j | te |
| Y01 | *ɨ | i | (ʔ)# | |
| J03 | *j | ɲ | # | V(ʔ)Ṽ |
| T12 | *t | tɕ | {ɨ,e} | |
| T14 | *t | tʃ | e |
Table 5
Sound change coding based on the variables in Table 4.
| DOCULECT | E17 | U32 | Y01 | J03 | T12 | T14 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SanJuanDiuxiMixtec | no | no | no | yes | no | no |
| SanMartinDuraznosMixtec | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | no |
| SantaMariaZacatepecMixtec | yes | no | yes | yes | no | yes |
Figure 3
Distribution of primary reflexes and their conditioning environments of changes to proto-Mixtec *s. If no environment is given, this means the change is global.
Figure 4
Presence (circle) and absence (triangle) of palatalization of *t before i, with subgroups (according to Auderset et al. 2023a) represented by colors.
Figure 5
Percentage (number of changes present/total number of changes that are not NA in each variety) of changes across the sampled languages.