Table 1
Correlations between scores on the Author Recognition Test (ART) and performance on other tests.
| Study | Nparticipants | Dependent variable | Correlation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dabrowska (2018) | 90 | Vocabulary size | .60 |
| Knowledge of word collocations | .50 | ||
| Education level | .47 | ||
| Language aptitude test | .45 | ||
| Grammar knowledge | .27 | ||
| Non-verbal IQ (Block patterns) | .09 | ||
| Fong et al. (2013)* | 328 | Big Five Openness | .21 |
| Recognizing emotions in eyes | .17 | ||
| Big Five Extraversion | –.11 | ||
| Big Five Emotional stability | –.10 | ||
| Big Five Agreement | –.03 | ||
| Big Five Conscientiousness | –.02 | ||
| James et al. (2018) | 123 | Vocabulary size | .45 |
| Pronunciation irregular words | .39 | ||
| Repetition nonwords | .28 | ||
| Survey reading habits | .25 | ||
| Phoneme reversal | .22 | ||
| Weekly reading time estimate | .19 | ||
| Stroop task | –.08 | ||
| Reading span | –.04 | ||
| Mar & Rain (2015)* | 340 | Synonym knowledge | .32 |
| 174 | Reading comprehension | .26 | |
| 219 | Sentence completion | .16 | |
| 227 | Analogy knowledge | .13 | |
| Moore & Gordon (2015) | 789 | Word recognition (gaze duration) | –.38 |
| Payne et al. (2012) | 139 | Vocabulary size | .62 |
| Sentence memory | .34 | ||
| Education | .30 | ||
| Reading comprehension | .26 | ||
| Reasoning | .20 | ||
| Reading span | .20 | ||
| Samur et al. (2017) | 366 | Bluntness of feelings | –.28 |
| 321 | Bluntness of feelings | –.15 | |
| van Kuijk et al. (2018) | 393 | Education | .37 |
| Age | .37 | ||
| Recognizing emotions in eyes | .28 | ||
| Being absorbed by reading a text | .20 | ||
| Affective theory of mind | .18 | ||
| Cognitive theory of mind | .11 | ||
| Negative feelings | –.07 | ||
| Positive feelings | –.03 |
[i] *Fiction authors only.
Table 2
Correlations DART with other tests (N = 195 students). These correlations can be compared to those obtained in English, as shown in Table 1. For each test, the reliability is given, as for some tests it was suboptimal. Source: Vander Beken & Brysbaert, 2018.
| Test | Correlation with DART | Reliability test |
|---|---|---|
| Yes/No Vocabulary test Dutch (Lemhöfer & Broersma, 2012) | .05 | .63 |
| Vocabulary test Dutch (multiple choice) | .42 | .66 |
| Dutch spelling test | .27 | .87 |
| Yes/No Vocabulary test English (Lemhöfer & Broersma, 2012) | .30 | .90 |
| Non-verbal IQ (Raven) | .06 | .46 |
[i] Correlations are significant at p < .05 when larger than .15 and at p < .01 when larger than .19.
Table 3
Correlations between reading frequency on the one hand and extraversion and openness to experience on the other hand, reported in various studies.
| Study | Measure of reading | Nparts | Corr. with extraversion | Corr. with openness |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Finn (1997) | Diary recordings | 219 | –.23 | .27 |
| Fong et al. (2013) | ART-Fiction | 328 | –.11 | .21 |
| Kraaykamp & van Eijck (2005) | Likert scale | 3156 | .02 | .16 |
| Mar et al. (2009) | ART-Fiction | 252 | –.04 | .22 |
| McManus & Furnham (2006) | Likert scale | 1071 | –.05 | .26 |
| Oerlemans & Bakker (2014) | Diary recordings | 1364 | –.15 | NA |
Table 4
Correlations of test results and question answers with the DART scores (N = 263). Source: Vandevyvere (2017).
| Measure | Correlation |
|---|---|
| BFI – Openness | .19 |
| BFI – Conscientiousness | –.11 |
| BFI – Extraversion | –.09 |
| BFI – Agreeableness | –.14 |
| BFI – Neuroticism | –.05 |
| “How many books did you read in the last year?” | .46 |
| “How many newspapers did you read the last month?” | .10 |
| “How many journals/magazines did you read the last month?” | .07 |
| “How much do you read relative to other people?” | .44 |
[i] Correlations are significant at p < .05 when larger than .13 and at p < .01 when larger than .16.
Table 5
Correlations DART with other tests (N = 85). These correlations can be compared to those obtained in English, as shown in Table 1. If available, the reliability of the test is given. Source: Rosenbaum (2018).
| Test | Correlation with DART | Reliability test |
|---|---|---|
| Age of the participants | .73 | NA |
| Receptive vocabulary size | .28 | NA |
| Non-verbal response time | .34 | NA |
| Phrase production time | .29 | .90 |
| Sentence production time | .37 | .79 |
[i] Correlations are significant at p < .05 when larger than .22 and at p < .01 when larger than .28.
Table 6
Correlations DART with other tests for a sample of non-university participants (N = 72). Source: Unpublished data collected by Hintz, Dijkhuis, van ‘t Hoff, McQueen & Meyer.
| Test | Correlation with DART | Reliability test |
|---|---|---|
| Knowledge words | .33 | NA |
| Spelling test | .24 | .73 |
| Grammar test | .08 | .31 |
| Non-verbal IQ (Raven) | .20 | .79 |
[i] Correlations are significant at p < .05 when larger than .24 and at p < .01 when larger than .31.
Table 7
Correlations DART_R with other tests (N = 62 students).
| Test | Correlation with DART_R | Reliability test |
|---|---|---|
| Yes/No Vocabulary test Dutch (Lemhöfer & Broersma, 2012) | .26 | .61 |
| Vocabulary test Dutch (multiple choice) | .64 | .87 |
| Dutch spelling test | .34 | .60 |
| Non-verbal IQ (CFT20) | –.10 | .51 |
| Reading rate | .38 | .96 |
[i] Correlations are significant at p < .05 when larger than .26 and at p < .01 when larger than .33.