Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Employing Natural Control for Confounding Factors in the Hunt for the Bilingual Advantage in Attention: Evidence from School Children in Gibraltar Cover

Employing Natural Control for Confounding Factors in the Hunt for the Bilingual Advantage in Attention: Evidence from School Children in Gibraltar

Open Access
|Mar 2020

References

  1. 1Adesope, O. O., Lavin, T., Thompson, T., & Ungerleider, C. (2010). A systematic review and meta-analysis of the cognitive correlates of bilingualism. Review of Educational Research, 80, 207245. DOI: 10.3102/0034654310368803
  2. 2Alonso, M. A., Fernandez, A., & Díez, E. (2015). Subjective age-of-acquisition norms for 7,039 Spanish words. Behavior Research Methods, 47, 268274. DOI: 10.3758/s13428-014-0454-2
  3. 3Antón, E., Carreiras, M., & Duñabeitia, J. A. (2019). The impact of bilingualism on executive functions and working memory in young adults. PloS One, 14(2), e0206770. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206770
  4. 4Antón, E., Duñabeitia, J. A., Estévez, A., Hernández, J. A., Castillo, A., Fuentes, L. J., & Carreiras, M. (2014). Is there a bilingual advantage in the ANT task? Evidence from children. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 398. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00398
  5. 5Audacity team. (2015). Audacity [Computer software]. Retrieved from: http://audacityteam.org/
  6. 6Bak, T. H., Vega-Mendoza, M., & Sorace, A. (2014). Never too late? An advantage on tests of auditory attention extends to late bilinguals. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 485. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00485
  7. 7Barac, R., & Bialystok, E. (2012). Bilingual effects on cognitive and linguistic development: Role of language, cultural background, and education. Child Development, 83, 413422. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01707.x
  8. 8Bialystok, E. (1999). Cognitive complexity and attentional control in the bilingual mind. Child Development, 70, 636644. DOI: 10.1111/1467-8624.00046
  9. 9Bialystok, E. (2001). Bilingualism in development: Language, literacy, and cognition. Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511605963
  10. 10Bialystok, E. (2017). The bilingual adaptation: How minds accommodate experience. Psychological Bulletin, 143, 233262. DOI: 10.1037/bul0000099
  11. 11Bialystok, E., Craik, F. I., & Freedman, M. (2007). Bilingualism as a protection against the onset of symptoms of dementia. Neuropsychologia, 45, 459464. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.10.009
  12. 12Bialystok, E., Craik, F. I., Klein, R., & Viswanathan, M. (2004). Bilingualism, aging, and cognitive control: evidence from the Simon task. Psychology and Aging, 19, 290303. DOI: 10.1037/0882-7974.19.2.290
  13. 13Bialystok, E., Craik, F. I., & Ryan, J. (2006). Executive control in a modified antisaccade task: Effects of aging and bilingualism. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 32, 13411354. DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.32.6.1341
  14. 14Bialystok, E., & DePape, A. M. (2009). Musical expertise, bilingualism, and executive functioning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 35, 565574. DOI: 10.1037/a0012735
  15. 15Bialystok, E., Majumder, S., & Martin, M. M. (2003). Developing phonological awareness: Is there a bilingual advantage? Applied Psycholinguistics, 24, 2744. DOI: 10.1017/S014271640300002X
  16. 16Bialystok, E., & Martin, M. M. (2004). Attention and inhibition in bilingual children: Evidence from the dimensional change card sort task. Developmental Science, 7, 325339. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2004.00351.x
  17. 17Bialystok, E., Martin, M. M., & Viswanathan, M. (2005). Bilingualism across the lifespan: The rise and fall of inhibitory control. International Journal of Bilingualism, 9, 103119. DOI: 10.1177/13670069050090010701
  18. 18Burriss, K. G., & Tsao, L. L. (2002). Review of research: How much do we know about the importance of play in child development? Childhood Education, 78, 230233. DOI: 10.1080/00094056.2002.10522188
  19. 19Carlson, S. M., & Meltzoff, A. N. (2008). Bilingual experience and executive functioning in young children. Developmental Science, 11, 282298. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00675.x
  20. 20Chen, S. H., Zhou, Q., Uchikoshi, Y., & Bunge, S. A. (2014). Variations on the bilingual advantage? Links of Chinese and English proficiency to Chinese American children’s self-regulation. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 1069. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01069
  21. 21Chertkow, H., Whitehead, V., Phillips, N., Wolfson, C., Atherton, J., & Bergman, H. (2010). Multilingualism (but not always bilingualism) delays the onset of Alzheimer disease: evidence from a bilingual community. Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders, 24, 118125. DOI: 10.1097/WAD.0b013e3181ca1221
  22. 22Conger, R. D., Ge, X., Elder, G. H., Lorenz, F. O., & Simons, R. L. (1994). Economic stress, coercive family process, and developmental problems of adolescents. Child Development, 65, 541561. DOI: 10.2307/1131401
  23. 23Conger, R. D., Patterson, G. R., & Ge, X. (1995). It takes two to replicate: A mediational model for the impact of parents’ stress on adolescent adjustment. Child Development, 66, 8097. DOI: 10.2307/1131192
  24. 24Costa, A., Hernández, M., & Sebastián-Gallés, N. (2008). Bilingualism aids conflict resolution: Evidence from the ANT task. Cognition, 106, 5986. DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2006.12.013
  25. 25Cummins, J. (1978). Bilingualism and the development of metalinguistic awareness. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 9, 131149. DOI: 10.1177/002202217892001
  26. 26Damian, M. F., Ye, W., Oh, M., & Yang, S. (2018). Bilinguals as “experts”? Comparing performance of mono-to bilingual individuals via a mousetracking paradigm. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition (pp. 118). DOI: 10.1017/S1366728918000901
  27. 27Darcy, N. T. (1963). Bilingualism and the measurement of intelligence: Review of a decade of research. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 103, 259282. DOI: 10.1080/00221325.1963.10532521
  28. 28DeBruin, A., Treccani, B., & Della Sala, S. (2015). Cognitive advantage in bilingualism an example of publication bias? Psychological Science, 26, 99107. DOI: 10.1177/0956797614557866
  29. 29Declerck, M., & Philipp, A. M. (2015). The unusual suspect: Influence of phonological overlap on language control. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 18, 726736. DOI: 10.1017/S1366728914000236
  30. 30Dick, A. S., Garcia, N. L., Pruden, S. M., Thomspon, W. K., Hawes, S. W., Sutherland, W. T., Riedel, M. C., Laird, A. R., & Gonzalez, R. (2019). No evidence for a bilingual executive function advantage in the nationally representative ABCD study. Nature Human Behaviour, 3, 692701. DOI: 10.1038/s41562-019-0609-3
  31. 31Duñabeitia, J. A., & Carreiras, M. (2015). The bilingual advantage: acta est fabula. Cortex, 73, 371372. DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.06.009
  32. 32Duñabeitia, J. A., Hernández, J. A., Antón, E., Macizo, P., Estévez, A., Fuentes, L. J., & Carreiras, M. (2014). The inhibitory advantage in bilingual children revisited. Experimental Psychology, 61, 234251. DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000243
  33. 33Dunn, L. M., & Dunn, D. M. (2007). Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test Fourth Edition. Measure used with Cohort, 3. Minneapolis, MN: NCS Person. Inc. DOI: 10.1037/t15144-000
  34. 34Fan, J., Byrne, J., Worden, M. S., Guise, K. G., McCandliss, B. D., Fossella, J., & Posner, M. I. (2007). The relation of brain oscillations to attentional networks. Journal of Neuroscience, 27, 61976206. DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1833-07.2007
  35. 35Fan, J., McCandliss, B. D., Sommer, T., Raz, A., & Posner, M. I. (2002). Testing the efficiency and independence of attentional networks. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14, 340347. DOI: 10.1162/089892902317361886
  36. 36Farah, M. J., & Noble, K. G. (2005). Socioeconomic influences on brain development: A preliminary study. In U. Mayr, E. Awh & S. W. Keele (Eds.), Developing individuality in the human brain: A tribute to Michael I. Posner (pp. 189208). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. DOI: 10.1037/11108-010
  37. 37Forster, K. I., & Forster, J. C. (2003). DMDX: A windows display program with millisecond accuracy. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 35, 116124. DOI: 10.3758/BF03195503
  38. 38Foy, J. G., & Mann, V. A. (2014). Bilingual children show advantages in nonverbal auditory executive function task. International Journal of Bilingualism, 18, 717729. DOI: 10.1177/1367006912472263
  39. 39Geert-Hofstede Institute. (2017). Cultural dimension scores by country. Retrieved 13/04/2017 from https://geert-hofstede.com/countries.html
  40. 40Gollan, T. H., Schotter, E. R., Gomez, J., Murillo, M., & Rayner, K. (2014). Multiple levels of bilingual language control: Evidence from language intrusions in reading aloud. Psychological Science, 25, 585595. DOI: 10.1177/0956797613512661
  41. 41Green, D. W. (1998). Mental control of the bilingual lexico-semantic system. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 1, 6781. DOI: 10.1017/S1366728998000133
  42. 42Hakuta, K. (1986). Mirror of language: The debate on bilingualism. Basic Books.
  43. 43Hamers, J. F., & Blanc, M. (2000). Bilinguality and bilingualism. Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511605796
  44. 44Hilchey, M. D., & Klein, R. M. (2011). Are there bilingual advantages on nonlinguistic interference tasks? Implications for the plasticity of executive control processes. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 18, 625658. DOI: 10.3758/s13423-011-0116-7
  45. 45HM Gov Gibraltar. (2014). Employment Survey Report 2014. Retrieved 01/05/17 from: https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/new/sites/default/files/HMGoG_Documents/Employment%20Survey%20Report%202014.pdf
  46. 46Hurtado, N., Grüter, T., Marchman, V. A., & Fernald, A. (2014). Relative language exposure, processing efficiency and vocabulary in Spanish–English bilingual toddlers. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 17, 189202. DOI: 10.1017/S136672891300014X
  47. 47Incera, S., & McLennan, C. T. (2016). Mouse tracking reveals that bilinguals behave like experts. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 19, 610620. DOI: 10.1017/S1366728915000218
  48. 48Incera, S., & McLennan, C. T. (2017). Bilingualism and age are continuous variables that influence executive function. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 25, 443463. DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2017.1319902
  49. 49JASP Team. (2018). JASP (Version 0.9) [Computer software].
  50. 50Jensen, J. V. (1962). Effects of childhood bilingualism. Elementary English, 39, 132143. DOI: 10.1080/00094056.1962.10726999
  51. 51Kessler, C., & Quinn, M. E. (1987). Language minority children’s linguistic and cognitive creativity. Journal of Multilingual & Multicultural Development, 8, 173186. DOI: 10.1080/01434632.1987.9994284
  52. 52Kovacs, A. M., & Mehler, J. (2009). Cognitive gains in 7-month-old bilingual infants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106, 65566560. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0811323106
  53. 53Lee, M. D., & Wagenmakers, E. J. (2014). Bayesian cognitive modeling: A practical course. Cambridge University Press.
  54. 54Linver, M. R., Brooks-Gunn, J., & Kohen, D. E. (2002). Family processes as pathways from income to young children’s development. Developmental Psychology, 38, 719734. DOI: 10.1037/0012-1649.38.5.719
  55. 55Luk, G., & Bialystok, E. (2013). Bilingualism is not a categorical variable: Interaction between language proficiency and usage. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 25, 605621. DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2013.795574
  56. 56Marian, V., Blumenfeld, H. K., & Kaushanskaya, M. (2007). The Language Experience and Proficiency Questionnaire (LEAP-Q): Assessing language profiles in bilinguals and multilinguals. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 50, 940967. DOI: 10.1044/1092-4388(2007/067)
  57. 57Martin-Rhee, M. M., & Bialystok, E. (2008). The development of two types of inhibitory control in monolingual and bilingual children. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 11, 8193. DOI: 10.1017/S1366728907003227
  58. 58Morton, J. B., & Harper, S. N. (2007). What did Simon say? Revisiting the bilingual advantage. Developmental Science, 10, 719726. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00623.x
  59. 59Noble, K. G., Norman, M. F., & Farah, M. J. (2005). Neurocognitive correlates of socioeconomic status in kindergarten children. Developmental Science, 8, 7487. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2005.00394.x
  60. 60Olulade, O. A., Jamal, N. I., Koo, D. S., Perfetti, C. A., LaSasso, C., & Eden, G. F. (2016). Neuroanatomical evidence in support of the bilingual advantage theory. Cerebral Cortex, 26, 31963204. DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv152
  61. 61Paap, K. R., & Greenberg, Z. I. (2013). There is no coherent evidence for a bilingual advantage in executive processing. Cognitive Psychology, 66, 232258. DOI: 10.1016/j.cogpsych.2012.12.002
  62. 62Paap, K. R., Johnson, H. A., & Sawi, O. (2015). Bilingual advantages in executive functioning either do not exist or are restricted to very specific and undetermined circumstances. Cortex, 69, 265278. DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.04.014
  63. 63Paap, K. R., Johnson, H. A., & Sawi, O. (2016). Should the search for bilingual advantages in executive functioning continue? Cortex, 74, 305314. DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.09.010
  64. 64Peal, E., & Lambert, W. E. (1962). The relation of bilingualism to intelligence. Psychological Monographs, 76, 123. DOI: 10.1037/h0093840
  65. 65Philipp, A. M., & Koch, I. (2016). Action speaks louder than words, even in speaking. In J. W. Schwieter (Ed.), Cognitive control and consequences of multilingualism (Vol. 2, pp. 127144). John Benjamins. DOI: 10.1075/bpa.2.06phi
  66. 66Posner, M. I., & Raichle, M. E. (1994). Images of mind. New York: Scientific American Library.
  67. 67Prior, A., & Gollan, T. H. (2011). Good language-switchers are good task-switchers: Evidence from Spanish-English and Mandarin-English bilinguals. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 17, 682691. DOI: 10.1017/S1355617711000580
  68. 68Redlinger, W. E. (1977). A language background questionnaire for the bilingual child. Accessed 30/04/2017: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234724146_A_Language_Background_Questionnaire_for_the_Bilingual_Child
  69. 69Reverberi, C., Kuhlen, A., Abutalebi, J., Greulich, R. S., Costa, A., Seyed-Allaei, S., & Haynes, J. D. (2015). Language control in bilinguals: Intention to speak vs. execution of speech. Brain and Language, 144, 19. DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2015.03.004
  70. 70Roebuck, H., Freigang, C., & Barry, J. G. (2016). Continuous performance tests: More than just sustaining attention. Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research, 59, 501510. DOI: 10.1044/2015_JSLHR-L-15-0068
  71. 71Roberts, K. L., Summerfield, A. Q., & Hall, D. A. (2006). Presentation modality influences behavioral measures of alerting, orienting, and executive control. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 12, 485492. DOI: 10.1017/S1355617706060620
  72. 72Soto, L. D. (1997). Language, culture, and power: Bilingual families and the struggle for quality education. SUNY Press.
  73. 73Spagna, A., Mackie, M. A., & Fan, J. (2015). Supramodal executive control of attention. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 65. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00065
  74. 74Spalek, K., Hoshino, N., Wu, Y. J., Damian, M., & Thierry, G. (2014). Speaking two languages at once: Unconscious native word form access in second language production. Cognition, 133, 226231. DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2014.06.016
  75. 75Stewart, H. J., & Amitay, S. (2015). Modality-specificity of Selective Attention Networks. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1826. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01826
  76. 76Tao, L., Marzecová, A., Taft, M., Asanowicz, D., & Wodniecka, Z. (2011). The efficiency of attentional networks in early and late bilinguals: the role of age of acquisition. Frontiers in Psychology, 2, 123. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00123
  77. 77Tran, C. D., Arredondo, M. M., & Yoshida, H. (2015). Differential effects of bilingualism and culture on early attention: a longitudinal study in the US, Argentina, and Vietnam. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 795. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00795
  78. 78Treccani, B., Argyri, E., Sorace, A., & Della Sala, S. (2009). Spatial negative priming in bilingualism. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 16, 320327. DOI: 10.3758/PBR.16.2.320
  79. 79Von Bastian, C. C., Souza, A. S., & Gade, M. (2016). No evidence for bilingual cognitive advantages: A test of four hypotheses. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 145, 246. DOI: 10.1037/xge0000120
  80. 80Wilson, M. (1987). MRC Psycholinguistic Database: Machine Usable Dictionary Version 2.00. Accessed 23/02/16: http://websites.psychology.uwa.edu.au/school/MRCDatabase/uwa_mrc.htm. DOI: 10.3758/BF03202594
  81. 81Yang, H., Yang, S., Ceci, S., & Wang, Q. (2005). Effects of bilinguals’ controlled-attention on working memory and recognition. In J. Cohen, K. McAlister, K. Rolstad & J. MacSwan (Eds.), Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on bilingualism. Somerville. MA: Cascadilla Press.
  82. 82Yang, S., Yang, H., & Lust, B. (2011). Early childhood bilingualism leads to advances in executive attention: Dissociating culture and language. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 14, 412422. DOI: 10.1017/S1366728910000611
  83. 83Yow, W. Q., & Li, X. (2015). Balanced bilingualism and early age of second language acquisition as the underlying mechanisms of a bilingual executive control advantage: why variations in bilingual experiences matter. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 164. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00164
  84. 84Zhang, Y. X., Barry, J. G., Moore, D. R., & Amitay, S. (2012). A new test of attention in listening (TAIL) predicts auditory performance. PLoS One, 7, e53502. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053502
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.94 | Journal eISSN: 2514-4820
Language: English
Submitted on: Dec 3, 2019
Accepted on: Feb 25, 2020
Published on: Mar 20, 2020
Published by: Ubiquity Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2020 Chris M. Moreno-Stokoe, Markus F. Damian, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.