Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Proactive Control of Emotional Information in Adult ADHD Cover

Proactive Control of Emotional Information in Adult ADHD

Open Access
|May 2026

References

  1. Beall, P. M., & Herbert, A. M. (2008). The face wins: Stronger automatic processing of affect in facial expressions than words in a modified Stroop task. Cognition and Emotion, 22, 16131642. 10.1080/02699930801940370
  2. Beesdo-Baum, K., Zaudig, M., & Wittchen, H. U. (2019). SCID-5-CV: strukturiertes klinisches Interview für DSM-5-Störungen-Klinische Version: deutsche Bearbeitung des Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders-Clinician Version von Michael B. First, Janet B. W. Williams, Rhonda S. Karg, Robert L. Spitzer. Hogrefe.
  3. Braem, S., Bugg, J. M., Schmidt, J. R., Crump, M. J., Weissman, D. H., Notebaert, W., & Egner, T. (2019). Measuring adaptive control in conflict tasks. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 23(9), 769783. 10.1016/j.tics.2019.07.002
  4. Braver, T. S. (2012). The variable nature of cognitive control: a dual mechanisms framework. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16, 106113. 10.1016/j.tics.2011.12.010
  5. Duschek, S., Piwkowski, P., Rainer, T., Vorwerk, J., Riml, L., & Ettinger, U. (2025). Neural Correlates of Proactive and Reactive Control Investigated Using a Novel Precued Antisaccade Paradigm. Psychophysiology, 62, e70015. 10.1111/psyp.70015
  6. Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175191. 10.3758/BF03193146
  7. Grandjean, J., D’Ostilio, K., Phillips, C., Balteau, E., Degueldre, C., Luxen, A., Maquet, P., Salmon, E., & Collette, F. (2012). Modulation of brain activity during a Stroop inhibitory task by the kind of cognitive control required. PloS one, 7(7), e41513. 10.1371/journal.pone.0041513
  8. Grane, V. A., Brunner, J. F., Endestad, T., Aasen, I. E. S., Kropotov, J., Knight, R. T., & Solbakk, A.-K. (2016). ERP correlates of proactive and reactive cognitive control in treatment-naïve adult ADHD. PLOS ONE, 11(7), e0159833. 10.1371/journal.pone.0159833
  9. Jia, L. X., Ye, J. Y., Cui, J. F., Shi, H. S., Yang, T. X., & Wang, Y. (2023). Proactive and reactive cognitive control for emotional conflict in individuals with high schizotypy: An ERP study. Clinical Neurophysiology, 145, 3644. 10.1016/j.clinph.2022.10.016
  10. King, J. A., Colla, M., Brass, M., Heuser, I., & von Cramon, D. Y. (2007). Inefficient cognitive control in adult ADHD: evidence from trial-by-trial Stroop test and cued task switching performance. Behavioral and Brain Functions, 3, 119. 10.1186/1744-9081-3-42
  11. Kooij, J., Bijlenga, D., Salerno, L., Jaeschke, R., Bitter, I., Balázs, J., Thome, J., Dom, G., Kasper, S., Filipe, C. N., Stes, S., Mohr, P., Leppämäki, S., Casas, M., Bobes, J., Mccarthy, J., Richarte, V., Philipsen, A. K., Pehlivanidis, A., … Asherson, P. (2019). Updated European Consensus Statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD. European Psychiatry, 56, 1434. 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.11.001
  12. Längle, A., Reyes del Paso, G. A., Ettinger, U., & Duschek, S. (2025). Habitual Worry, Cognitive Control and Heart Rate Variability in Adult ADHD. Submitted for publication. 10.1111/psyp.70110
  13. Lansbergen, M. M., Kenemans, J. L., & van Engeland, H. (2007). Stroop interference and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a review and metaanalysis. Neuropsychology, 21, 251262. 10.1037/0894-4105.21.2.251
  14. Levy, F., Pipingas, A., Harris, E. V., Farrow, M., & Silberstein, R. B. (2018). Continuous performance task in ADHD: Is reaction time variability a key measure? Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 14, 781786. 10.2147/NDT.S158308
  15. Lundqvist, D., Flykt, A., & Ohman, A. (1998). The Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces (KDEF). Karolinska Institute: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychology Section. 10.1037/t27732-000
  16. Miller, E. K., & Cohen, J. D. (2001). An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 24, 167202. 10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.167
  17. Mörstedt, B., Corbisiero, S., & Stieglitz, R. D. (2016). Normierung der Adult ADHD Self-Report-Scale-V1.1 und der ADHS Selbstbeurteilungsskala an einer repräsentativen deutschsprachigen Stichprobe. Diagnostica, 62, 199211. 10.1026/0012-1924/a000154
  18. Onandia-Hinchado, I., Pardo-Palenzuela, N., & Diaz-Orueta, U. (2021). Cognitive characterization of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by domains: a systematic review. Journal of Neural Transmission, 128, 893937. 10.1007/s00702-021-02302-6
  19. Quintana, D. S., & Williams, D. R. (2018). Bayesian alternatives for common null hypothesis significance tests in psychiatry: a non-technical guide using JASP. BMC Psychiatry, 18, 178. 10.1186/s12888-018-1761-4
  20. Safren, S. A., Sprich, S. E., Cooper-Vince, C., Knouse, L. E., & Lerner, J. A. (2010). Life impairments in adults with medication-treated ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 13, 524531. 10.1177/1087054709332460
  21. Schmidt, J. R. (2019). Evidence against conflict monitoring and adaptation: An updated review. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 26(3), 753771. 10.3758/s13423-018-1520-z
  22. Schwartz, K., & Verhaeghen, P. (2008). ADHD and Stroop interference from age 9 to age 41 years: a meta-analysis of developmental effects. Psychological Medicine, 38, 16071616. 10.1017/S003329170700267X
  23. Sebastian, A., Gerdes, B., Feige, B., Klöppel, S., Lange, T., Philipsen, A., Van Elst, L. T., Lieb, K., & Tüscher, O. (2012). Neural correlates of interference inhibition, action withholding and action cancelation in adult ADHD. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 202, 132141. 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2012.02.010
  24. Senkowski, D., Ziegler, T., Singh, M., Heinz, A., He, J., Silk, T., & Lorenz, R. C. (2024). Assessing inhibitory control deficits in adult ADHD: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the stop-signal task. Neuropsychology Review, 34, 548567.
  25. Sidlauskaite, J., Dhar, M., Sonuga-Barke, E., & Wiersema, J. R. (2020). Altered proactive control in adults with ADHD: Evidence from event-related potentials during cued task switching. Neuropsychologia, 138, 107330. 10.1016/j.neuropsycholo-gia.2019.107330
  26. Skirrow, C., & Asherson, P. (2013). Emotional lability, comorbidity and impairment in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 147, 8086. 10.1016/j.jad.2012.10.011
  27. Soler-Gutiérrez, A. M., Pérez-González, J. C., & Mayas, J. (2023). Evidence of emotion dysregulation as a core symptom of adult ADHD: A systematic review. PLoS ONE, 18(1), Article e0280131. 10.1371/journal.pone.0280131
  28. Spinelli, G., & Lupker, S. J. (2023). Robust evidence for proactive conflict adaptation in the proportion-congruent paradigm. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 49(5), 675700. 10.1037/xlm0001144
  29. Spinelli, G., & Lupker, S. J. (2024). A spatial version of the Stroop task for examining proactive and reactive control independently from non-conflict processes. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 86(4), 12591286. 10.3758/s13414-024-02892-9
  30. van Dijk, F., Schellekens, A., van den Broek, P., Kan, C., Verkes, R. J., & Buitelaar, J. (2014). Do cognitive measures of response inhibition differentiate between attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and borderline personality disorder? Psychiatry Research, 215, 733739. 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.12.034
  31. White, H. A. (2007). Inhibitory Control of Proactive Interference in Adults With ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 11, 141149. 10.1177/1087054706295604
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.502 | Journal eISSN: 2514-4820
Language: English
Page range: 29 - 29
Submitted on: Sep 8, 2025
Accepted on: Apr 28, 2026
Published on: May 11, 2026
Published by: Ubiquity Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2026 Anna Längle, Ulrich Ettinger, Stefan Duschek, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.