References
- 1Baddeley, A. (1986). Working Memory. Oxford University Press.
- 2Baron, R. S. (1986).
Distraction-conflict theory: Progress and problems . In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 19, pp. 1–40). Elsevier Academic Press. 10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60211-7 - 3Belletier, C., & Camos, V. (2018). Does the experimenter presence affect working memory? Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1424(1), 212–220. 10.1111/nyas.13627
- 4Belletier, C., Davranche, K., Tellier, I. S., Dumas, F., Vidal, F., Hasbroucq, T., & Huguet, P. (2015). Choking under monitoring pressure: Being watched by the experimenter reduces executive attention. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 22, 1410–1416. 10.3758/s13423-015-0804-9
- 5Belletier, C., Doherty, J., Jaroslawska, A., Rhodes, S., Cowan, N., Naveh-Benjamin, M., Barrouillet, P., Camos, V., & Logie, R. (2023). Strategic adaptation to dual-task in verbal working memory: Potential routes for theory integration. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 49(1), 51–77. 10.1037/xlm0001106
- 6Belletier, C., Normand, A., & Huguet, P. (2019). Social-Facilitation-and-Impairment Effects: From Motivation to Cognition and the Social Brain. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 28(3), 260–265. 10.1177/0963721419829699
- 7Bond, C. F. (1982). Social facilitation: A self-presentational view. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42(6), 1042. 10.1037/0022-3514.42.6.1042
- 8Bond, C. F., & Titus, L. J. (1983). Social facilitation: A meta-analysis of 241 studies. Psychological Bulletin, 94(2), 265–292. 10.1037/0033-2909.94.2.265
- 9Camos, V. (2015). Storing verbal information in working memory. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 24(6), 440–445. 10.1177/0963721415606630
- 10Camos, V. (2017).
Domain-Specific Versus Domain-General Maintenance in working memory: Reconciliation Within the Time-Based Resource Sharing Model . In Psychology of Learning and Motivation (Vol. 67, pp. 135–171). Academic Press. 10.1016/bs.plm.2017.03.005 - 11Camos, V., Mariz Elsig, S., Baran, Y., Wolhauser, M., & Belletier, C. (2025). Does an audience impact children’s working memory? Cognitive Development, 74, 101569. 10.1016/j.cogdev.2025.101569
- 12Camos, V., Mora, G., & Oberauer, K. (2011). Adaptive choice between articulatory rehearsal and attentional refreshing in verbal working memory. Memory & Cognition, 39(2), 231–244. 10.3758/s13421-010-0011-x
- 13Dienes, Z. (2014). Using Bayes to get the most out of non-significant results. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 1–17. 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00781
- 14Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G* Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175–191. 10.3758/BF03193146
- 15Frick, A. (2025). You are here! Rethinking children’s executive function development in the presence of others. Child Development Perspectives, 19(2), 116–125. 10.1111/cdep.12533
- 16Garcia-Marques, T., & Fernandes, A. C. (2024). Meta-analysis of social presence effects on stroop task performance. Psychological Reports, online first. 10.1177/00332941241227150
- 17Guerin, B. (1993).
Social facilitation . In I. B. Weiner & W. E. (Eds.), Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology. Wiley Online Library. 10.1017/CBO9780511628214 - 18Huguet, P., Galvaing, M. P., Monteil, J. M., & Dumas, F. (1999). Social presence effects in the Stroop task: further evidence for an attentional view of social facilitation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(5), 1011–1025. 10.1037/0022-3514.77.5.1011
- 19JASP Team (2024). JASP (version 0.19.1) [Computer software].
- 20Jeffreys, H. (1961). Theory of probability (3rd Ed.). Oxford University Press.
- 21Logie, R. H., Camos, V., & Cowan, N. (2021). Working memory: State of the Science. Oxford University Press. 10.1093/oso/9780198842286.001.0001
- 22Maxwell, S. E., & Delaney, H. D. (2004). Designing experiments and analyzing data: A model comparison perspective (2nd Edition). Larwence Erlbaum Associates. 10.4324/9781410609243
- 23Norris, D., Butterfield, S., Hall, J., & Page, M. P. A. (2018). Phonological recoding under articulatory suppression. Memory & Cognition, 46(2), 173–180. 10.3758/s13421-017-0754-8
- 24Peirce, J. W. (2007). PsychoPy – psychophysics software in Python. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 162(1–2), 8–13. 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2006.11.017
- 25Saito, S. (1997). When articulatory suppression does not suppress the activity of the phonological loop. British Journal of Psychology, 88(4), 565–578. 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1997.tb02658.x
- 26Sharma, D., Booth, R., Brown, R., & Huguet, P. (2010). Exploring the temporal dynamics of social facilitation in the Stroop task. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 17(1), 52–58. 10.3758/PBR.17.1.52
- 27Wagenmakers, E. J. (2007). A practical solution to the pervasive problems of p values. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14, 779–804. 10.3758/BF03194105
- 28Wagstaff, G. F., Wheatcroft, J., Cole, J. C., Brunas-Wagstaff, J., Blackmore, V., & Pilkington, A. (2008). Some cognitive and neuropsychological aspects of social inhibition and facilitation. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 20(4), 828–846. 10.1080/09541440701469749
- 29Wühr, P., & Huestegge, L. (2010). The impact of social presence on voluntary and involuntary control of spatial attention. Social Cognition, 28(2), 145–160. 10.1521/soco.2010.28.2.145
