References
- 1Adelman J. S., & Estes, Z. (2013). Emotion and memory: A recognition advantage for positive and negative words independent of arousal. Cognition, 129, 530–535. DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2013.08.014
- 2Adelman, J. S., Estes, Z., & Cossu, M. (2018). Emotional sound symbolism: Languages rapidly signal valence via phonemes. Cognition, 175, 122–130. DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2018.02.007
- 3Aguasvivas, J. A., Carreiras, M., Brysbaert, M., Mandera, P., Keuleers, E., & Duñabeitia, J. A. (2018). SPALEX: A Spanish lexical decision database from a massive online data collection. Frontiers in psychology, 9, 2156. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02156
- 4Alcoba, S., & Murillo, J. (1998).
Intonation in Spanish . In D. Hirst & A. Di Cristo (Eds.), Intonation Systems. A Survey of Twenty Languages (pp. 152–166). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. - 5Alonso, M. A., Fernández, A., & Díez, E. (2015). Subjective age-of-acquisition norms for 7,039 Spanish words. Behavior Research Methods, 47, 268–274. DOI: 10.3758/s13428-014-0454-2
- 6Álvarez, C. J., Taft, M., & Hernández-Cabrera, J. A. (2017). Syllabic strategy as opposed to coda optimization in the segmentation of Spanish letter-strings using word spotting. Scientific Studies of Reading, 21(2), 99–108. DOI: 10.1080/10888438.2016.1254220
- 7Arnal, L. H., Flinker, A., Kleinschmidt, A., Giraud, A. L., & Poeppel, D. (2015). Human screams occupy a privileged niche in the communication soundscape. Current Biology, 25(15), 2051–2056. DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.043
- 8Arnal, L. H., Kleinschmidt, A., Spinelli, L., Giraud, A. L., & Mégevand, P. (2019). The rough sound of salience enhances aversion through neural synchronisation. Nature Communications, 10(1), 3671. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11626-7
- 9Aryani, A., Conrad, M., Schmidtke, D., & Jacobs, A. (2018). Why ‘piss’ is ruder than ‘pee’? The role of sound in affective meaning making. PloS One, 13(6). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198430
- 10Benczes, R., & Kovács, G. (2022). Palatal is for happiness, plosive is for sadness: evidence for stochastic relationships between phoneme classes and sentiment polarity in Hungarian. Language and Cognition, 14(4), 672–691. DOI: 10.1017/langcog.2022.23
- 11Béligon, S. (2020). Feeling, emotion and the company they keep: What adjectives reveal about the substantives feeling and emotion. Lexis, 15(1), Article 4322. DOI: 10.4000/lexis.4322
- 12Blair, G., Cooper, J., Coppock, A., Humphreys, M., & Sonnet, L. (2022).
Estimatr: Fast Estimators for Design-Based Inference . Los Angeles, CA, USA: University of California at Los Angeles. Retrieved fromhttps://cran.r-project.org/package=estimatr - 13Calvillo-Torres, R., Haro, J., Poch, C., Ferre, P., & Hinojosa, J. (2024). Sound symbolic associations in Spanish emotional words: affective dimensions and discrete emotions. Cognition and Emotion, in press. DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2345377
- 14Carlo, M. A., Wilson, R. H., & Villanueva-Reyes, A. (2020). Psychometric characteristics of Spanish monosyllabic, bisyllabic, and trisyllabic words for use in word-recognition protocols. Journal of the American Academy of Audiology, 31(7), 531–546. DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1709446
- 15Cartoni, B., & Lefer, M.-A. (2011). Negation and lexical morphology across languages: insights from a trilingual translation corpus. Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics, 47(4), 795–843. DOI: 10.2478/psicl-2011-0039
- 16Citron, F. M. M., Weekes, B. S., & Ferstl, E. C. (2014). Arousal and emotional valence interact in written word recognition. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience, 29(10), 1257–1267. DOI: 10.1080/23273798.2014.897734
- 17Conrad, M., Ullrich, S., Schmidtke, D., & Kotz, S. A. (2022). ERPs reveal an iconic relation between sublexical phonology and affective meaning. Cognition, 226, 105182. DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105182
- 18de Rooij, M., & Weeda, W. (2020). Cross-validation: A method every psychologist should know. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 3(2), 248–263. DOI: 10.1177/2515245919898466
- 19de Zubicaray, G. I., McMahon, K. L., Arciuli, J., Kearney, E., & Guenther, F. H. (2023). Emotion from the sound of a word: Statistical relationships between surface form and valence of English words influence lexical access and memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, Advance online publication. DOI: 10.1037/xge0001477
- 20Dingemanse, M., Blasi, D. E., Lupyan, G., Christiansen, M. H., & Monaghan, P. (2015). Arbitrariness, iconicity, and systematicity in language. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 19, 603–615. DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2015.07.013
- 21Di Stefano, N., & Spence, C. (2022). Roughness perception: A multisensory/crossmodal perspective. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 84(7), 2087–2114. DOI: 10.3758/s13414-022-02550-y
- 22Dodds, P. S., Clark, E. M., Desu, S., Frank, M. R., Reagan, A. J., Williams, J. R., Mitchell, L., Harris, K. D., Kloumann, I. M., Bagrow, J. P., Megerdoomian, K., McMahon, M. T., Tivnan, B. F., & Danforth, C. M. (2015). Human language reveals a universal positivity bias. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 112(8), 2389–2394. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1411678112
- 23Duchon, A., Perea, M., Sebastián-Gallés, N., Martí, A., & Carreiras, M. (2013). EsPal: one-stop shopping for Spanish word properties. Behavior Research Methods, 45, 1246–1258. DOI: 10.3758/s13428-013-0326-1
- 24Elsen, H., Németh, R., & Kovács, L. (2021). The sound of size revisited – New insights from a German-Hungarian comparative study on sound symbolism. Language Sciences, 85, 101360. DOI: 10.1016/j.langsci.2021.101360
- 25Fabiano-Smith, L., & Goldstein, B. A. (2010). Phonological acquisition in bilingual Spanish-English speaking children. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 53(1), 160–178. DOI: 10.1044/1092-4388(2009/07-0064)
- 26Ferré, P., Guasch, M., Moldovan, C., & Sánchez-Casas, R. (2012). Affective norms for 380 Spanish words belonging to three different semantic categories. Behavior Research Methods, 44, 395–403. DOI: 10.3758/s13428-011-0165-x
- 27Fónagy, I. (1991). La vive voix: Essais de psychophonetique. Paris: Payot.
- 28Frick, R. W. (1985). Communicating emotion: The role of prosodic features. Psychological Bulletin, 97(3), 412–429. DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.97.3.412
- 29Galati, D., Sini, B., Tinti, C., & Testa, S. (2008). The lexicon of emotion in the neo-Latin languages. Social Science Information, 47(2), 205–220. DOI: 10.1177/0539018408089079
- 30Gross, J. J. (2015). Emotion regulation: Current status and future prospects. Psychological Inquiry, 26, 1–26. DOI: 10.1080/1047840X.2014.940781
- 31Guasch, M., Ferré, P., & Fraga, I. (2016). Spanish norms for affective and lexico-semantic variables for 1,400 words. Behavior Research Methods, 48, 1358–1369. DOI: 10.3758/s13428-015-0684-y
- 32Haro, J., Hinojosa, J., & Ferre, P. (2024). The role of individual differences in emotional word recognition: Insights from a large-scale lexical decision study. Submitted.
- 33Haslett, D. A., & Cai, Z. G. (2023). Systematic mappings of sound to meaning: A theoretical review. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. DOI: 10.3758/s13423-023-02395-y
- 34Hinojosa, J. A., Guasch, M., Montoro, P. R., Albert, J., Fraga, I., & Ferré, P. (2023). The bright side of words: Norms for 9000 Spanish words in seven discrete positive emotions. Behavior Research Methods. Advance online publication. DOI: 10.3758/s13428-023-02229-8
- 35Hinojosa, J. A., Haro, J., Calvillo-Torres, R., González-Arias, L., Poch, C., & Ferré, P. (2022). I want it small or, rather, give me a bunch: the role of evaluative morphology on the assessment of the emotional properties of words. Cognition and Emotion, 36(6), 1203–1210. DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2022.2093840
- 36Hinojosa, J. A., Martínez-García, N., Villalba-García, C., Fernández- Folgueiras, U., Sánchez-Carmona, A., Pozo, M. A., & Montoro, P. R. (2016a). Affective norms of 875 Spanish words for five discrete emotional categories and two emotional dimensions. Behavior Research Methods, 48, 272–284. DOI: 10.3758/s13428-015-0572-5
- 37Hinojosa, J. A., Rincón-Pérez, I., Romero-Ferreiro, M. V., Martínez- García, N., Villalba-García, C., Montoro, P. R., & Pozo, M. A. (2016b). The Madrid Affective Database for Spanish (MADS): Ratings of dominance, familiarity, subjective age of acquisition and sensory experience. PLoS One, 11,
e0155866 . DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155866 - 38Hollis, G., Westbury, C., & Lefsrud, L. (2017). Extrapolating human judgments from skip-gram vector representations of word meaning. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 70(8), 1603–1619. DOI: 10.1080/17470218.2016.1195417
- 39Huete-Pérez, D., Haro, J., Fraga, I., & Ferré, P. (2019). Heroína: Drug or hero? meaning-dependent valence norms for ambiguous Spanish words. Applied Psycholinguistics, 41(2), 259–283. DOI: 10.1017/S014271641900050X
- 40Imai, M., & Kita, S. (2014). The sound symbolism bootstrapping hypothesis for language acquisition and language evolution. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 369(1651), 20130298. DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0298
- 41Jackson, J. C., Watts, J., Henry, T. R., List, J. M., Forkel, R., Mucha, P. J., Greenhill, S. J., Gray, R. D., & Lindquist, K. A. (2019). Emotion semantics show both cultural variation and universal structure. Science, 366(6472), 1517–1522. DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw8160
- 42Kambara, T., & Umemura, T. (2021). The Relationships Between Initial Consonants in Japanese Sound Symbolic Words and Familiarity, Multi-Sensory Imageability, Emotional Valence, and Arousal. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 50(4), 831–842. DOI: 10.1007/s10936-020-09749-w
- 43Kassambara, A. (2021). Rstatix: Pipe-Friendly Framework for Basic Statistical Tests.
https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=rstatix - 44Keuleers, E., & Balota, D. A. (2015). Megastudies, crowdsourcing, and large datasets in psycholinguistics: An overview of recent developments. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 68(8), 1457–1468. DOI: 10.1080/17470218.2015.1051065
- 45Keuleers, E., Stevens, M., Mandera, P., & Brysbaert, M. (2015). Word knowledge in the crowd: Measuring vocabulary size and word prevalence in a massive online experiment. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 68(8), 1665–1692. DOI: 10.1080/17470218.2015.1022560
- 46Kienast, M., & Sendlmeier, W. F. (2000). Acoustical analysis of spectral and temporal changes in emotional speech. Paper presented at the ISCA Tutorial and Research Workshop (ITRW) on Speech and Emotion.
- 47Körner, A., & Rummer, R. (2023). Valence sound symbolism across language families: a comparison between Japanese and German. Language and Cognition, 15(2), 337–354. DOI: 10.1017/langcog.2022.39
- 48Koutseff, A., Reby, D., Martin, O., Levrero, F., Patural, H., & Mathevon, N. (2018). The acoustic space of pain: Cries as indicators of distress recovering dynamics in pre-verbal infants. Bioacoustics, 27(4), 313–325. DOI: 10.1080/09524622.2017.1344931
- 49Kuhn, M. (2022). Classification and Regression Training. Retrieved from:
https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=caret - 50Kuperman, V., Estes, Z., Brysbaert, M., & Warriner, A. B. (2014). Emotion and language: Valence and arousal affect word recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143(3), 1065–1081. DOI: 10.1037/a0035669
- 51Kuppens, P., Tuerlinckx, F., Russell, J. A., & Barrett, L. F. (2013). The relation between valence and arousal in subjective experience. Psychological Bulletin, 139(4), 917–940. DOI: 10.1037/a0030811
- 52Larsen, R. J., Mercer, K. A., Balota, D. A., & Strube, M. J. (2008). Not all negative words slow down lexical decision and naming speed: Importance of word arousal. Emotion, 8(4), 445–452. DOI: 10.1037/1528-3542.8.4.445
- 53Liben-Nowell, D., Strand, J., Sharp, A., Wexler, T., & Woods, K. (2019). The danger of testing by selecting controlled subsets, with applications to spoken-word recognition. Journal of Cognition, 2(1), Article 2. DOI: 10.5334/joc.51
- 54Livingstone, K. M., & Isaacowitz, D. M. (2021). Age and emotion regulation in daily life: Frequency, strategies, tactics, and effectiveness. Emotion, 21(1), 39–51. DOI: 10.1037/emo0000672
- 55Llabre, M. M. (2021). Insight into the Hispanic paradox: The language hypothesis. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 16(6), 1324–1336. DOI: 10.1177/1745691620968765
- 56Louwerse, M., & Qu, Z. (2017). Estimating valence from the sound of a word: Computational, experimental, and cross-linguistic evidence. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 24, 849–855. DOI: 10.3758/s13423-016-1142-2
- 57Lumley, T. (2022). Regression Subset Selection. Retrieved from:
https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=leaps - 58Mandera, P., Keuleers, E., & Brysbaert, M. (2015). How useful are corpus-based methods for extrapolating psycholinguistic variables? Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 68(8), 1623–1642. DOI: 10.1080/17470218.2014.988735
- 59Monaghan, P., Shillcock, R. C., Christiansen, M. H., & Kirby, S. (2014). How arbitrary is English? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London: Series B, Biological Sciences, 369(1651), Article 20130299. DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0299
- 60Neves, L., Martins, M., Correia, A. I., Castro, S. L., & Lima, C. F. (2021). Associations between vocal emotion recognition and socio-emotional adjustment in children. Royal Society Open Science, 8(11), 211412. DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211412
- 61Patil, I. (2021). Visualizations with statistical details: The ‘ggstatsplot’ approach. Journal of Open Source Software, 6(61), 3167/ DOI: 10.21105/joss.03167
- 62Pérez-Sánchez, M. Á., Stadthagen-Gonzalez, H., Guasch, M., Hinojosa, J. A., Fraga, I., Marín, J., & Ferré, P. (2021). EmoPro – Emotional prototypicality for 1286 Spanish words: Relationships with affective and psycholinguistic variables. Behavior Research Methods, 53(5), 1857–1875. DOI: 10.3758/s13428-020-01519-9
- 63Pollock, L. (2018). Statistical and methodological problems with concreteness and other semantic variables: A list memory experiment case study. Behavior Research Methods, 50(3), 1198–1216. DOI: 10.3758/s13428-017-0938-y
- 64R Core Team. (2023).
R: A language and environment for statistical computing . Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Retrieved from:https://www.r-project.org/ - 65Recchia, G., & Louwerse, M. M. (2015). Reproducing affective norms with lexical co-occurrence statistics: Predicting valence, arousal, and dominance. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 68(8), 1584–1598. DOI: 10.1080/17470218.2014.941296
- 66Robinson, M. D., Storbeck, J., Meier, B. P., & Kirkeby, B. S. (2004). Watch out! That could be dangerous: Valence-arousal interactions in evaluative processing. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30(11), 1472–1484. DOI: 10.1177/0146167204266647
- 67Rodríguez-Ferreiro, J., & Davies, R. (2019). The graded effect of valence on word recognition in Spanish. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 45(5), 851–868. DOI: 10.1037/xlm0000616
- 68Rummer, R., Schweppe, J., Schlegelmilch, R., & Grice, M. (2014). Mood is linked to vowel type: The role of articulatory movements. Emotion, 14, 246–250. DOI: 10.1037/a0035752
- 69Rummer, R., & Schweppe, J. (2019). Talking emotions: Vowel selection in fictional names depends on the emotional valence of the to-be-named faces and objects. Cognition and Emotion, 33(3), 404–416. DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2018.1456406
- 70Siakaluk, P. D., Newcombe, P. I., Duffels, B., Li, E., Sidhu, D. M., Yap, M. J., & Pexman, P. M. (2016). Effects of Emotional Experience in Lexical Decision. Frontiers in psychology, 7, 1157. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01157
- 71Schmidtke, D., & Conrad, M. (2018). Effects of affective phonological iconicity in online language processing: Evidence from a letter search task. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 147(10), 1544–1552. DOI: 10.1037/xge0000499
- 72Sidhu, D. M., & Pexman, P. M. (2018). Five mechanisms of sound symbolic association. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 25(5), 1619–1643. DOI: 10.3758/s13423-017-1361-1
- 73Sidhu, D. M., Vigliocco, G., & Pexman, P. M. (2022). Higher order factors of sound symbolism. Journal of Memory and Language, 125, 104323. DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2022.104323
- 74Stadthagen-González, H., Ferré, P., Pérez-Sánchez, M. A., Imbault, C., & Hinojosa, J. A. (2018). Norms for 10,491 Spanish words for five discrete emotions: Happiness, disgust, anger, fear, and sadness. Behavior Research Methods, 50, 1943–1952. DOI: 10.3758/s13428-017-0962-y
- 75Stadthagen-Gonzalez, H., Imbault, C., Pérez Sánchez, M. A., & Brysbaert, M. (2017). Norms of valence and arousal for 14,031 Spanish words. Behavior Research Methods, 49, 111–123. DOI: 10.3758/s13428-015-0700-2
- 76Ullrich, S., Kotz, S. A., Schmidtke, D. S., Aryani, A., & Conrad, M. (2016). Phonological iconicity electrifies: An ERP study on affective sound-to-meaning correspondences in German. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1200. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01200
- 77Vinson, D., Jones, M., Sidhu, D. M., Lau-Zhu, A., Santiago, J., & Vigliocco, G. (2021). Iconicity emerges and is maintained in spoken language. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 150(11), 2293–2308. DOI: 10.1037/xge0001024
- 78Wagenmakers, E. J., Beek, T., Dijkhoff, L., Gronau, Q. F., Acosta, A., Adams, R. B., … & Bulnes, L. C. (2016). Registered replication report Strack, Martin, & Stepper (1988). Perspectives on Psychological Science, 11, 917–928. DOI: 10.1177/1745691616674458
- 79Warriner, A. B., Kuperman, V., & Brysbaert, M. (2013). Norms of valence, arousal, and dominance for 13,915 English lemmas. Behavior Research Methods, 45(4), 1191–1207. DOI: 10.3758/s13428-012-0314-x
- 80Whissell, C. (1999). Phonosymbolism and the emotional nature of sounds: evidence of the preferential use of particular phonemes in texts of differing emotional tone. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 89(1), 19–48. DOI: 10.2466/pms.1999.89.1.19
- 81Wilcox, R. R. (2016).
Understanding and applying basic statistical methods using R . John Wiley & Sons. - 82Wilcox, R. R. (2019). Robust regression: Testing global hypotheses about the slopes when there is multicollinearity or heteroscedasticity. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 72(2), 355–369. DOI: 10.1111/bmsp.12152
- 83Yarkoni, T., & Westfall, J. (2017). Choosing prediction over explanation in psychology: Lessons from machine learning. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 12(6), 1100–1122. DOI: 10.1177/1745691617693393
- 84Zeileis, A., & Hothorn, T. (2002). Diagnostic checking in regression relation-ships. R News, 2(3), 7–10.
https://cran.r-project.org/package=lmtest
