Figure 1
Schematic of trial timing with examples of the four prime and five target conditions.
Table 1
Assessment scores for deaf and hearing participants M (SD).
| WJ PASSAGECOMPREHENSION | SPELLING RECOGNITION | PHONOLOGICAL ABILITY SOUNDS TEST | PHONOLOGICAL ABILITY MANIPULATION TEST | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deaf | 35.9 (5.23) | 74.2 (8.42) | .65 (.12) | .63 (.19) |
| Hearing | 38.7 (3.06) | 71.8 (9.86) | .88 (.14) | .87 (.10) |
| p = .44 | p = .06 | p < .0001 | p < .0001 |
Figure 2
32 channel electrode montage including sites below the left eye (lower eye – LE) and to the right of the right eye (horizontal eye – HE). The nine ANOVA analysis sites are indicated with larger black dots.
Figure 3
(Top) Grand average ERPs from 9 analysis electrodes time-locked to target words for the Pseudohomophone (PH) (red dotted) and letter substitution control (PHc) (solid black) conditions in hearing readers. In this and subsequent figures target onset is the vertical calibration bar and negative is plotted up. (Bottom) voltage maps showing the priming effect (Control-PH) in each of the three analysis epochs.
Figure 4
(Top) Grand average ERPs from 9 analysis electrodes time-locked to target words for the Pseudohomophone (PH) (red dotted) and letter substitution control (PHc) (solid black) conditions in deaf readers. (Bottom) voltage maps showing the priming effect (Control-PH) in each of the three analysis epochs.
Figure 5
(Top) Grand average ERPs from 9 analysis electrodes time-locked to target words for the Transposed Letter (TL) (red dotted) and letter substitution control (TLc) (solid black) conditions in hearing readers.
Figure 6
(Top) Grand average ERPs from 9 analysis electrodes time-locked to target words for the Transposed Letter (TL) (red dotted) and letter substitution control (TLc) (solid black) conditions in deaf readers.
Figure 7
Correlation maps formed by plotting r values calculated between the priming effect at each scalp electrode with language test scores for each participant. (A) the correlation map across all 36 participants between phonological scores and mean amplitude PH priming effects from 150–250 ms (early N250). (B) correlation map for hearing readers between spelling scores and TL priming effects from 150–250 ms (early N250). (C) correlation map for hearing readers between spelling scores and PH priming effects from 150–250 ms (early N250). (D) correlation map for deaf readers between phonological scores and TL priming effects from 250–350 ms (late N250).