References
- 1Anwyl-Irvine, A., Dalmaijer, E. S., Hodges, N., & Evershed, J. K. (2021). Realistic precision and accuracy of online experiment platforms, web browsers, and devices. Behavior Research Methods, 53(4), 1407–1425. DOI: 10.3758/s13428-020-01501-5
- 2Armitage, J., & Eerola, T. (2020). Reaction time data in music cognition: Comparison of pilot data from lab, crowdsourced, and convenience Web samples. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 2883. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02883
- 3Baddeley, A. D. (1986). Working Memory. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- 4Baddeley, A. D., Lewis, V. J., & Vallar, G. (1984). Exploring the articulatory loop. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 36, 233–252. DOI: 10.1080/14640748408402157
- 5Barnhoorn, J. S., Haasnoot, E., Bocanegra, B. R., & van Steenbergen, H. (2014). QRTEngine: An easy solution for running online reaction time experiments using Qualtrics. Behavior research methods, 47(4), 918–929. DOI: 10.3758/s13428-014-0530-7
- 6Barrouillet, P., Gorin, S., & Camos, V. (2021). Simple spans underestimate verbal working memory capacity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 150(4), 633. DOI: 10.1037/xge0000957
- 7Barrouillet, P., & Lecas, J. F. (1999). Mental models in conditional reasoning and working memory. Thinking & Reasoning, 5(4), 289–302. DOI: 10.1080/135467899393940
- 8Bhatarah, P., Ward, G., Smith, J., & Hayes, L. (2009). Examining the relationship between free recall and immediate serial recall: Similar patterns of rehearsal and similar effects of word length, presentation rate, and articulatory suppression. Memory & Cognition, 37(5), 689–713. DOI: 10.3758/MC.37.5.689
- 9Birnbaum, M. H., & Reips, U.-D. (2005).
Behavioral Research and Data Collection via the Internet . In R. W. Proctor & K.-P. L. Vu (Eds.), Handbook of human factors in web design (471–491). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. - 10Bui, D. C., Myerson, J., & Hale, S. (2015). Age-related slowing in online samples. The Psychological Record, 65(4), 649–655. DOI: 10.1007/s40732-015-0135-2
- 11Camos, V., & Barrouillet, P. (2014). Attentional and non-attentional systems in the maintenance of verbal information in working memory: the executive and phonological loops. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 8, 900. DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00900
- 12Camos, V., Lagner, P., & Barrouillet, P. (2009). Two maintenance mechanisms of verbal information in working memory. Journal of Memory and Language, 61(3), 457–469. DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2009.06.002
- 13Capitani, E., Della Sala, S., Logie, R. H., & Spinnler, H. (1992). Recency, primacy, and memory: Reappraising and standardising the serial position curve. Cortex, 28(3), 315–342. DOI: 10.1016/S0010-9452(13)80143-8
- 14Casey, L., Chandler, J., Levine, A. S., Proctor, A., & Strolovitch, D. Z. (2017). Intertemporal differences among MTurk worker demographics. SAGE Open, 1–15. DOI: 10.31234/osf.io/8352x
- 15Chandler, J., Mueller, P., & Paolacci, G. (2014). Nonnaïveté among Amazon Mechanical Turk workers: Consequences and solutions for behavioral researchers. Behavior research methods, 46(1), 112–130. DOI: 10.3758/s13428-013-0365-7
- 16Chandler, J., Rosenzweig, C., Moss, A. J., Robinson, J., & Litman, L. (2019). Online panels in social science research: Expanding sampling methods beyond Mechanical Turk. Behavior research methods, 51(5), 2022–2038. DOI: 10.3758/s13428-019-01273-7
- 17Chmielewski, M., & Kucker, S. C. (2020). An MTurk crisis? Shifts in data quality and the impact on study results. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 11(4), 464–473. DOI: 10.1177/1948550619875149
- 18Cowan, N. (2001). The magical number 4 in short-term memory: A reconsideration of mental storage capacity. Behavioral and brain sciences, 24(1), 87–114. DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X01003922
- 19Crump, M. J., McDonnell, J. V., & Gureckis, T. M. (2013). Evaluating Amazon’s Mechanical Turk as a tool for experimental behavioral research. PloS one, 8(3),
e57410 . DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057410 - 20Daneman, M., & Carpenter, P. A. (1980). Individual differences in working memory and reading. Journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior, 19(4), 450–466. DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5371(80)90312-6
- 21Engle, R. W., Kane, M. J., & Tuholski, S. W. (1999). Individual differences in working memory capacity and what they tell us about controlled attention, general fluid intelligence, and functions of the prefrontal cortex. Models of working memory: Mechanisms of active maintenance and executive control, 4, 102–134. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9781139174909.007
- 22Fischler, I., Rundus, D., & Atkinson, R. C. (1970). Effects of overt rehearsal procedures on free recall. Psychonomic Science, 19(4), 249–250. DOI: 10.3758/BF03328801
- 23Gagné, N., & Franzen, L. (2021). How to run behavioural experiments online: best practice suggestions for cognitive psychology and neuroscience. Preprint psyarxiv.com. DOI: 10.31234/osf.io/nt67j
- 24Grootswagers, T. (2020). A primer on running human behavioural experiments online. Behavior research methods, 52(6), 2283–2286. DOI: 10.3758/s13428-020-01395-3
- 25Hauser, D., Paolacci, G., & Chandler, J. (2019). Common concerns with MTurk as a participant pool: Evidence and solutions. Preprint psyarxiv.com. DOI: 10.31234/osf.io/uq45c
- 26Hauser, D. J., & Schwarz, N. (2016). Attentive Turkers: MTurk participants perform better on online attention checks than do subject pool participants. Behavior research methods, 48(1), 400–407. DOI: 10.3758/s13428-015-0578-z
- 27Henrich, J., Heine, S. J., & Norenzayan, A. (2010). The weirdest people in the world?. Behavioral and brain sciences, 33(2–3), 61–83. DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X0999152X
- 28Kennedy, R., Clifford, S., Burleigh, T., Waggoner, P. D., Jewell, R., & Winter, N. J. (2020). The shape of and solutions to the MTurk quality crisis. Political Science Research and Methods, 8(4), 614–629. DOI: 10.1017/psrm.2020.6
- 29Kochari, A. R. (2019). Conducting Web-based experiments for numerical cognition research. Journal of cognition, 2(1), 39. DOI: 10.5334/joc.85
- 30Larsen, J. D., & Baddeley, A. (2003). Disruption of verbal STM by irrelevant speech, articulatory suppression, and manual tapping: Do they have a common source? The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, 56(8), 1249–1268. DOI: 10.1080/02724980244000765
- 31Lovett, M., Bajaba, S., Lovett, M., & Simmering, M. J. (2018). Data quality from crowdsourced surveys: A mixed method inquiry into perceptions of amazon’s mechanical turk masters. Applied Psychology, 67(2), 339–366. DOI: 10.1111/apps.12124
- 32Lumsden, J., Skinner, A., Woods, A. T., Lawrence, N. S., & Munafò, M. (2016). The effects of gamelike features and test location on cognitive test performance and participant enjoyment. PeerJ, 4,
e2184 . DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2184 - 33Mason, W., & Suri, S. (2012). Conducting behavioral research on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. Behavior research methods, 44(1), 1–23. DOI: 10.3758/s13428-011-0124-6
- 34Mathôt, S., & March, J. (2021). Conducting linguistic experiments online with OpenSesame and OSWeb. Preprint psyarxiv.com. DOI: 10.31234/osf.io/wnryc
- 35Meiser, T., & Klauer, K. C. (1999). Working memory and changing-state hypothesis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory & Cognition, 25, 1272–1299. DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.25.5.1272
- 36Moss, A., & Litman, L. (2018). After the bot scare: Understanding what’s been happening with data collection on MTurk and how to stop it. Retrieved February, 4, 2019.
- 37Moss, A. J., Rosenzweig, C., Jaffe, S. N., Gautam, R., Robinson, J., & Litman, L. (2021, June 11). Bots or inattentive humans? Identifying sources of low-quality data in online platforms. DOI: 10.31234/osf.io/wr8ds
- 38Moss, A. J., Rosenzweig, C., Robinson, J., & Litman, L. (2020). Is it ethical to use Mechanical Turk for behavioral research? Relevant data from a representative survey of MTurk participants and wages. Preprint psyarxiv.com. DOI: 10.31234/osf.io/jbc9d
- 39Oberauer, K., Lewandowsky, S., Awh, E., Brown, G. D., Conway, A., Cowan, N., … & Ward, G. (2018). Benchmarks for models of short-term and working memory. Psychological bulletin, 144(9), 885. DOI: 10.1037/bul0000153
- 40Ormrod, J. E., & Cochran, K. F. (1988). Relationship of verbal ability and working memory to spelling achievement and learning to spell. Literacy Research and Instruction, 28(1), 33–43. DOI: 10.1080/19388078809557956
- 41Palan, S., & Schitter, C. (2018). Prolific. ac—A subject pool for online experiments. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 17, 22–27. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbef.2017.12.004
- 42Palmer, S. E., & Ornstein, P. A. (1971). Role of rehearsal strategy in serial probed recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 88(1), 60. DOI: 10.1037/h0030658
- 43Pauszek, J. R., Sztybel, P., & Gibson, B. S. (2017). Evaluating Amazon’s Mechanical Turk for psychological research on the symbolic control of attention. Behavior Research Methods, 49(6), 1969–1983. DOI: 10.3758/s13428-016-0847-5
- 44Peer, E., Rothschild, D., Gordon, A., Evernden, Z., & Damer, E. (2021). Data quality of platforms and panels for online behavioral research. Behavior Research Methods, 1–20. DOI: 10.3758/s13428-021-01694-3
- 45Peer, E., Vosgerau, J., & Acquisti, A. (2014). Reputation as a sufficient condition for data quality on Amazon Mechanical Turk. Behavior research methods, 46(4), 1023–1031. DOI: 10.3758/s13428-013-0434-y
- 46Reimers, S., & Stewart, N. (2015). Presentation and response timing accuracy in Adobe Flash and HTML5/JavaScript Web experiments. Behavior research methods, 47(2), 309–327. DOI: 10.3758/s13428-014-0471-1
- 47Sauter, M., Draschkow, D., & Mack, W. (2020). Building, hosting and recruiting: A brief introduction to running behavioral experiments online. Brain sciences, 10(4), 251. DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10040251
- 48Simcox, T., & Fiez, J. A. (2014). Collecting response times using amazon mechanical turk and adobe flash. Behavior research methods, 46(1), 95–111. DOI: 10.3758/s13428-013-0345-y
- 49Sheehan, K. B. (2018). Crowdsourcing research: data collection with Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. Communication Monographs, 85(1), 140–156. DOI: 10.1080/03637751.2017.1342043
- 50Stewart, N., Chandler, J., & Paolacci, G. (2017). Crowdsourcing samples in cognitive science. Trends in cognitive sciences, 21(10), 736–748. DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2017.06.007
- 51Süß, H. M., Oberauer, K., Wittmann, W. W., Wilhelm, O., & Schulze, R. (2002). Working-memory capacity explains reasoning ability—and a little bit more. Intelligence, 30(3), 261–288. DOI: 10.1016/S0160-2896(01)00100-3
- 52Tan, L., & Ward, G. (2008). Rehearsal in immediate serial recall. Psychonomic bulletin & review, 15(3), 535–542. DOI: 10.3758/PBR.15.3.535
- 53Wilhelm, O., & Oberauer, K. (2006). Why are reasoning ability and working memory capacity related to mental speed? An investigation of stimulus–response compatibility in choice reaction time tasks. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 18(1), 18–50. DOI: 10.1080/09541440500215921
- 54Woods, A. T., Velasco, C., Levitan, C. A., Wan, X., & Spence, C. (2015). Conducting perception research over the internet: a tutorial review. PeerJ, 3,
e1058 . DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1058 - 55Yang, X., & Krajbich, I. (2021). Webcam-based online eye-tracking for behavioral research. Judgment and Decision Making, 16(6), 1486. DOI: 10.31234/osf.io/qhme6
- 56Zwaan, R. A., & Pecher, D. (2012). Revisiting mental simulation in language comprehension: Six replication attempts. PloS one, 7(12),
e51382 . DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051382
