References
- 1Ainsworth, B., Eddershaw, R., Meron, D., Baldwin, D. S., & Garner, M. (2013). The effect of focussed attention and open monitoring meditation on attention network function in healthy volunteers. Psychiatry Research, 210, 1226–1231. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.09.002
- 2Ballard, J. C. (2001). Assessing attention: Comparison of response-inhibition and traditional continuous performance tests. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 23(3), 331–350. DOI: 10.1076/jcen.23.3.331.1188
- 3Balota, D. A., & Yap, M. J. (2011). Moving beyond the mean in studies of mental chronometry: The power of response time distributional analyses. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20(3), 160–166. DOI: 10.1177/0963721411408885
- 4Barr, D. J., Levy, R., Scheepers, C., & Tily, H. J. (2013). Random effects structure for confirmatory hypothesis testing: Keep it maximal. Journal of Memory and Language, 68(3), 255–278. DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2012.11.001
- 5Basso, J. C., McHale, A., Ende, V., Oberlin, D. J., & Suzuki, W. A. (2019). Brief, daily meditation enhances attention, memory, mood, and emotional regulation in non-experienced meditators. Behavioural Brain Research, 356, 208–220. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.08.023
- 6Bates, D., Maechler, M., Bolker, B., & Walker, S. (2015). Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software, 67(1), 1–48. DOI: 10.1093/clipsy.bph077
- 7Bishop, S. R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J., … & Devins, G. (2004). Mindfulness: A proposed operational definition. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11(3), 230–241. DOI: 10.1093/clipsy.bph077
- 8Brauer, M., & Curtin, J. J. (2018). Linear mixed-effects models and the analysis of nonindependent data: A unified framework to analyze categorical and continuous independent variables that vary within-subjects and/or within-items. Psychological Methods, 23(3), 389. DOI: 10.1037/met0000159
- 9Breyer, B., & Bluemke, M. (2016). Deutsche version der Positive and Negative Affect Schedule PANAS (GESIS Panel). Zusammenstellung sozialwissenschaftlicher Items und Skalen (ZIS). DOI: 10.6102/zis242
- 10Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822–848. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822
- 11Cavanagh, K., Strauss, C., Forder, L., & Jones, F. (2014). Can mindfulness and acceptance be learnt by self-help?: A systematic review and meta-analysis of mindfulness and acceptance-based self-help interventions. Clinical Psychology Review, 34(2), 118–129. DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2014.01.001
- 12Chambers, R., Lo, B. C. Y., & Allen, N. B. (2008). The impact of intensive mindfulness training on attentional control, cognitive style, and affect. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 32(3), 303–322. DOI: 10.1007/s10608-007-9119-0
- 13Chatham, C. H., Herd, S. A., Brant, A. M., Hazy, T. E., Miyake, A., O’Reilly, R., & Friedman, N. P. (2011). From an executive network to executive control: A computational model of the N-back Task. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23(11), 3598–3619. DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00047
- 14Chiesa, A., Calati, R., & Serretti, A. (2011). Does mindfulness training improve cognitive abilities? A systematic review of neuropsychological findings. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(3), 449–464. DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2015.11.003
- 15Colzato, L. S., Sellaro, R., Samara, I., Baas, M., & Hommel, B. (2015). Meditation-induced states predict attentional control over time. Consciousness and Cognition, 37, 57–62. DOI: 10.1023/A:1025457300409
- 16Colzato, L. S., Sellaro, R., Samara, I., & Hommel, B. (2015). Meditation-induced cognitive-control states regulate response-conflict adaptation: evidence from trial-to-trial adjustments in the Simon Task. Consciousness and Cognition, 35, 110–114. DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2015.04.012
- 17Colzato, L. S., van der Wel, P., Sellaro, R., & Hommel, B. (2016). A single bout of meditation biases cognitive control but not attentional focusing: Evidence from the Global–Local Task. Consciousness and Cognition, 39, 1–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2015.11.003
- 18Conners, C. K., Epstein, J. N., Angold, A., & Klaric, J. (2003). Continuous Performance Test performance in a normative epidemiological sample. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 31(5), 555–562. DOI: 10.1023/A:1025457300409
- 19Conners, C. K. (2004).
Conners’ Continuous Performance Test II (CPT II V. 5) . North Tonawanda. San Antonio, TX. - 20Fan, J., McCandliss, B. D., Sommer, T., Raz, A., & Posner, M. I. (2002). Testing the efficiency and independence of attentional networks. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14(3), 340–347. DOI: 10.1162/089892902317361886
- 21Fell, J., Axmacher, N., & Haupt, S. (2010). From alpha to gamma: Electrophysiological correlates of meditation-related states of consciousness. Medical Hypotheses, 75, 218–224. DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2010.02.025
- 22Fish, J., Brimson, J., & Lynch, S. (2016). Mindfulness interventions delivered by technology without facilitator involvement: what research exists and what are the clinical outcomes? Mindfulness, 7(5), 1011–1023. DOI: 10.1007/s12671-016-0548-2
- 23Guendelman, S., Medeiros, S., & Rampes, H. (2017). Mindfulness and emotion regulation: Insights from neurobiological, psychological, and clinical studies. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 220. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00220
- 24Heppner, W. L., & Shirk, S. D. (2018). Mindful moments: A review of brief, low-intensity mindfulness meditation and induced mindful states. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 12(12),
e12424 . DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12424 - 25Hölzel, B. K., Lazar, S. W., Gard, T., Schuman-Olivier, Vago, D. R., & Ott, U. (2011). How does mindfulness meditation work? Proposing mechanisms of action from a conceptual and neural perspective. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6, 537–559. DOI: 10.1177/1745691611419671
- 26Jacobson, E. (1938). Progressive Relaxation. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
- 27Jankowski, T., & Holas, P. (2020). Effects of brief mindfulness meditation on attention switching. Mindfulness, 1–9. DOI: 10.1007/s12671-020-01314-9
- 28Jha, A. P., Denkova, E., Zanesco, A. P., Witkin, J. E., Rooks, J., & Rogers, S. L. (2019). Does mindfulness training help working memory ‘work’ better? Current Opinion in Psychology, 28, 273–278. DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.02.012
- 29Jha, A. P., Krompinger, J., & Baime, M. J. (2007). Mindfulness training modifies subsystems of attention. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 7(2), 109–119. DOI: 10.3758/CABN.7.2.109
- 30Johnson, N. L., & Kotz, S. (1970).
Continuous univariate distributions (Vol. 2.). Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company. - 31Johnson, S., Gur, M. R., David, Z., & Currier, E. (2015). One-session mindfulness meditation: a randomized controlled study of effects on cognition and mood. Mindfulness, 6, 88–98. DOI: 10.1007/s12671-013-0234-6
- 32Kabat-Zinn, J. (1994). Wherever you go there you are. New York: Hyperion.
- 33Kirchner, W. K. (1958). Age differences in short-term retention of rapidly changing information. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 55(4), 352. DOI: 10.1037/h0043688
- 34Kuznetsova, A., Brockhoff, P. B., & Christensen, R. H. B. (2017). lmerTest package: Tests in linear mixed effects models.” Journal of Statistical Software, 82(13), 1–26. DOI: 10.18637/jss.v082.i13
- 35Kwak, S., Kim, S. Y., Bae, D., Hwang, W. J., Cho, K. I. K., Lim, K. O., … & Kwon, J. S. (2020). Enhanced attentional network by short-term intensive meditation. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 3073. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03073
- 36Lenth, R. (2020). emmeans: Estimated marginal means, aka least-squares means. R package version 1.4.7.
https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=emmeans - 37Lippelt, D. P., Hommel, B., & Colzato, L. S. (2014). Focused attention, open monitoring and loving kindness meditation: effects on attention, conflict monitoring, and creativity – A review. Frontiers in Psychology, 1083. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01083
- 38Lo, S., & Andrews, S. (2015). To transform or not to transform: Using generalized linear mixed models to analyse reaction time data. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1171. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01171
- 39Lutz, A., Slagter, H. A., Dunne, J. D., & Davidson, R. J. (2008). Attention regulation and monitoring in meditation. Trends in Cognitive Science, 12(4), 163–169. DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2008.01.005
- 40Malinowski, P. (2013). Neural mechanisms of attentional control in mindfulness meditation. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 7, 8. DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2013.00008
- 41Manzoni, G. M., Pagnini, F., Castelnuovo, G., & Molinari, E. (2008). Relaxation training for anxiety: a ten-years systematic review with meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry, 8(1), 1–12. DOI: 10.1186/1471-244X-8-41
- 42McCallie, M. S., Blum, C. M., & Hood, C. J. (2006). Progressive muscle relaxation. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 13(3), 51–66. DOI: 10.1300/J137v13n03_04
- 43Michalak, J., Heidenreich, T., Ströhle, G., & Nachtigall, C. (2008). Die deutsche version der Mindful Attention And Awareness Scale (MAAS): Psychometrische befunde zu einem achtsamkeitsfragebogen. Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, 37(3), 200–208. DOI: 10.1026/1616-3443.37.3.200
- 44Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Emerson, M. J., Witzki, A. H., Howerter, A., & Wager, T. D. (2000). The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex “frontal lobe” tasks: A latent variable analysis. Cognitive Psychology, 41(1), 49–100. DOI: 10.1006/cogp.1999.0734
- 45Mrazek, M. D., Smallwood, J., & Schooler, J. W. (2012). Mindfulness and mind-wandering: Finding convergence through opposing constructs. Emotion, 12, 442–448. DOI: 10.1037/a0026678
- 46Ostafin, B. D., & Kassman, K. T. (2012). Stepping out of history: mindfulness improves insight problem solving. Consciousness and Cognition, 21(2), 1031–1036. DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2012.02.014
- 47Petersen, S. E., & Posner, M. I. (2012). The attention system of the human brain: 20 years after. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 35, 73–89. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-062111-150525
- 48Posner, M. I., & Petersen, S. E. (1990). The attention system of the human brain. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 13(1), 25–42. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ne.13.030190.000325
- 49Rogers, R. D., & Monsell, S. (1995). Costs of a predictable switch between simple cognitive tasks. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 124(2), 207. DOI: 10.1037/0096-3445.124.2.207
- 50Schmertz, S. K., Anderson, P. L., & Robins, D. L. (2009). The relation between self-report mindfulness and performance on tasks of sustained attention. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 31(1), 60–66. DOI: 10.1007/s10862-008-9086-0
- 51Shapiro, S. L., Carlson, L. E., Astin, J. A., & Freedman, B. (2006). Mechanisms of mindfulness. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62(3), 373–386. DOI: 10.1002/jclp.20237
- 52Speelman, C., & McGann, M. (2013). How mean is the mean? Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 451. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00451
- 53Suchy, Y. (2009). Executive functioning: Overview, assessment, and research issues for non-neuropsychologists. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 37(2), 106–116. DOI: 10.1007/s12160-009-9097-4
- 54Tang, Y. Y., Hölzel, B. K., & Posner, M. I. (2015). The neuroscience of mindfulness meditation. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 16(4), 213–225. DOI: 10.1038/nrn3916
- 55Tang, Y. Y., Ma, Y., Wang, J., Fan, Y., Feng, S., Lu, Q.,… Posner, M. I. (2007). Short-term meditation training improves attention and self-regulation. Proceedings of the national Academy of Sciences, 104(43), 17152–17156. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0707678104
- 56Tweedie, M. C. (1957). Statistical properties of inverse Gaussian distributions. I. Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 28(2), 362–377. DOI: 10.1214/aoms/1177706964
- 57Van Steenbergen, H., Band, G. P., & Hommel, B. (2010). In the mood for adaptation: How affect regulates conflict-driven control. Psychological Science, 21(11), 1629–1634. DOI: 10.1177/0956797610385951
- 58Vieth, E., von Stockhausen, L., & Smith, J. C. (2020).
German version of the Smith Relaxation States Inventory 3 (SRSI3s-G) . Unpublished manuscript, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany. - 59Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063
- 60Wickham, H. (2016). Ggplot2: Elegant graphics for data analysis (2nd ed.) [PDF]. Springer International Publishing. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-24277-4
- 61Weaver, B., Bédard, M., & McAuliffe, J. (2013). Evaluation of a 10-minute version of the Attention Network Test. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 27(8), 1281–1299. DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2013.851741
- 62Wenk-Sormaz, H. (2005). Meditation can reduce habitual responding. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 11(2), 42–58.
- 63Wimmer, L., Bellingrath, S., & von Stockhausen, L. (2020). Mindfulness training for improving tttention regulation in university students: Is it effective? And do yoga and homework matter? Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 719. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00719
- 64Yakobi, O., Smilek, D., & Danckert, J. (2021). The effects of mindfulness meditation on attention, executive control and working memory in healthy adults: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 1–18. DOI: 10.1007/s10608-020-10177-2
- 65Zeidan, F., Johnson, S. K., Diamond, B. J., David, Z., & Goolkasian, P. (2010). Mindfulness meditation improves cognition: Evidence of brief mental training. Consciousness and Cognition, 19(2), 597–605. DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2010.03.014