Figure 1
Components of language under a language as situated perspective. Language as a system remains in place under this view, containing those behaviours characterised as systemic. We show different communicative behaviours for both signed (blue square) and spoken (green square) languages. Iconic cues are shown in italics, indexical cues in bold. Some features (e.g., pointing in sign languages) can be characterised as either systemic or contextual.
Figure 2
Examples of indexical cues (such as points and hand actions) and iconic cues (such as gestures, onomatopoeia and prosodic modulations of iconic signs) found in parental semi-naturalistic productions in spoken (Vigliocco et al., 2019) and sign languages (Perniss et al., 2017).