Figure 1
Huwwara location and borders (Applied Research Institute – Jerusalem, ARIJ-GIS, 2014).
Figure 2
A screenshot of a conversation in a Telegram channel on the status of checkpoints.
Figure 3
Screenshot of Doroob Navigator.
Table 1
Overview of TEFL-ePal project meetings.
| DATE & LOCATION | EVENT DESCRIPTION | PARTICIPANTS |
|---|---|---|
| January, 2019/Anadolu University, Turkey | Kick-off project; partner Institutions coming together; knowledge exchange and Identification of limitations, barriers and underpinning project methods, while addressing the objects and delegating responsibilities to different partners. | Hosts from IT and computer sciences in Turkey; 4 UK teacher educators and researchers; 2 German linguistic teachers and researchers; various Palestinian classroom teachers, project leads, researchers and linguists |
| April, 2019/Wolverhampton University, UK | Observations Of language teaching In UK post-16 colleges; University of Wolverhampton-led workshops showcasing good practice on pedagogical practice and embedding of digital technologies used in and out of classrooms for learning and assessment. | 15 Palestinian teachers and department or faculty leads and UK teacher educators |
| July, 2019/Various Palestinian HEIs | Palestinian meetings and field visits to sites, exploring current resources; exploring a needs analysis report; establishing pedagogical values Tor transformative teaching and learning practice. | All visiting partners from Turkey, Germany and UK. |
| October, 2019/Wolverhampton University, UK | Visit with tours showcasing problem, project- and inquiry-based learning in different disciplines; technology for differentiation; assessment for learning. | Approximately 15 Palestinian teachers and department or faculty leads visiting the UK, (including new visiting staff who didn’t attend the first trip). |
| March, 2022/Various Palestine HEIs | Final data collection and field visits for evaluation of language laboratories, meeting students and teachers to see resources in situ and gauge impact of project | 2 German linguistics teacher/researcher and 2 UK teacher educators and research staff. |
| May, 2022/Anadolu University, Turkey | Conclude the project; focus on achievements and future collaborations and continued research | All partners from UK, Germany, Palestine and Turkey. |
Table 2
A suite of ‘digital commons’ resources to support connected learning.
| FUNCTIONS, FEATURES AND APPLICABILITY | FACILITATION OF CONNECTED LEARNING | NAME OF PLATFORM, APP OR TOOL |
|---|---|---|
| Channels for disseminating information that are less prone to surveillance and censorship than the likes of commercially used centralised spaces, Facebook and Twitter. | Social networks facilitate connections with the wider world and the sharing of information, not just about military attacks but about sovereignty in order to preserve cultural heritage. | Decentralised social networks, such as Bluesky; Mastodon; NOSTR; Edmodo; Discord. |
| Enable private browsing and mask IP addresses, disguise the location of users and enable private browsing. | These can be used to improve anonymity, to visit blocked websites, to ensure the right to access information and to avoid censorship of shared content. | Virtual Private Networks: e.g. NordVPN; Mullvad. |
| Non-tracking browsing: enables private searching and hides search history. | Using alternative, non-commercial operating systems, browsers and search engines can promote digital literacy among the displaced giving them more freedom and security online. | Duckduckgo; Brave; startpage.com. |
| Encrypted messaging apps that provide better security and anonymity. | Users can communicate in real-time but largely without concerns about what they are sharing being accessed by third parties. | Signal; Telegram; threema; Matrix; Protonmail (encrypted email service). |
| Alternative Operating Systems. | Where access to main systems is either unpractical or unwanted, these facilitate ways to run hardware not reliant on commercial systems. Develop digital literacy capabilities. | TOR; TailsOS; Qubes; GrapheneOS; i2p; Start9. |
| Digital money exchange platforms. | Cryptocurrencies used for discrete transactions to enable purchases to promote access to paid services (such as those listed here) that can enhance underground communication. | Bitcoin; monero; zecash and Lightning network/layer2 applications. |
| Untraceable SIM cards. | Cheap and easily disposable for more secure communications. | Private Simcards: silent.link; bitrefill. |
| Firmware that enables part of a shared internet (mesh) network. | This is a topology that enables internet connectivity and sharing data through multiple nodes, so dependence on a single node that may be vulnerable is not necessary. | MESH; LibraMESH. |
| Encryption technology to send messages. | Enhanced private communications. | Pretty Good Privacy (PGP). |