Table 1
Study population characteristics, n = 60.
| Variable | Categories |
|---|---|
| Age, mean ± SD | 58.6 ± 13.6 |
| Ethnicity | |
| White | 53 (88.3%) |
| Non-White | 7 (11.7%) |
| Hispanic | |
| Yes | 1 (1.9%) |
| No | 53 (89.1%) |
| Marital Status* | |
| Partnered | 37 (62.7%) |
| Non-Partnered | 22 (37.3%) |
| Education* | |
| ≤ High school | 14 (25.9%) |
| Some College | 19 (35.2%) |
| ≥ College | 21 (38.9%) |
| Income* | |
| < 25k | 13 (23.2%) |
| 25k to 75k | 22 (39.3%) |
| > 75k | 21 (37.5%) |
| Ever Worked Night Shift* | |
| Yes | 11 (4.0%) |
| No | 14 (56.0%) |
| Alcohol Drinks/Week* | |
| <1/week | 22 (51.2%) |
| 1 day/week | 7 (16.3%) |
| 2–3 days/week | 8 (18.6%) |
| 4–5 days/week | 4 (9.3%) |
| 6–7 days/week | 2 (4.7%) |
| Current Smoker* | |
| Yes | 5 (27.8%) |
| No | 13 (72.2%) |
| Stage of Breast Cancer* | |
| I | 24 (40.7) |
| II | 24 (40.7) |
| III | 10 (16.9) |
| IV | 1 (1.7) |
[i] * missing data.
Figure 1
STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology) diagram. Individuals were excluded from analysis for missing PSQI and genetic variant data and a MAF < 5%.
Table 2
Top 25 genetic variants associated with PSQI (p-value < 0.1).
| ID | Chromosome # | Chromosome Location | Gene Name | Variant Annotation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs3841571 | chr2 | 101582245 | NPAS2 | Deletion/Insertion |
| rs1053095 | chr2 | 101612584 | NPAS2 | 3’UTR |
| rs7604810 | chr2 | 239061627 | KLHL30 | Intergenic |
| rs4459687 | chr2 | 239203368 | ncRNA/PER2 | Intronic SNV |
| rs1714416 | chr3 | 40150543 | MYRIP | Intronic SNV |
| rs7627014 | chr3 | 40309316 | EIF1B-AS1 | Intronic SNV |
| (Near MYRIP) | ||||
| rs908078 | chr3 | 5024771 | BHLHE40 | Synonymous |
| rs2249436 | chr3 | 5019764 | BHLHE40 | Intronic SNV |
| rs34870629 | chr3 | 5025650 | BHLHE40 | 3’UTR |
| rs34883305 | chr3 | 5025645 | BHLHE40 | 3’UTR |
| rs74439275 | chr3 | 5025654 | BHLHE40 | 3’UTR |
| rs2110585 | chr5 | 133512621 | SKP1 | 5’ UTR SNV |
| rs3815506 | chr5 | 133509736 | SKP1 | Intronic SNV |
| rs73791514 | chr5 | 133509752 | SKP1 | Intronic SNV |
| rs1058023 | chr5 | 133483382 | TCF7 | 3’ UTR |
| (Near SKP1) | ||||
| rs243477 | chr7 | 148456154 | CUL1 | Intronic SNV |
| rs10746964 | chr9 | 77245494 | RORB | Intronic SNV |
| rs7939846 | chr11 | 13303337 | ARNTL | Intronic SNV |
| rs4963957 | chr12 | 26280533 | SSPN | Intronic SNV |
| (Near BHLHE41) | ||||
| rs61376834 | chr12 | 56814656 | TIMELESS | Missense Ile/Thr |
| rs605153 | chr13 | 77569901 | CLN5 | Intronic SNV |
| (Near FBXL3) | ||||
| rs5822477 | chr17 | 80200398 | CSNK1D | Deletion/Insertion |
| rs56408410 | chr17 | 8052415 | PER1 | Intronic SNV |
| rs5757055 | chr22 | 38740853 | CSNK1E | Intronic SNV |
| rs35351192 | chr22 | 38740868 | CSNK1E | Insertion/Deletion |
[i] Abbreviations: CSNK1D: casein kinase 1 delta; SKP1: S-phase kinase associated protein 1; BHLHE40: basic helix-loop-helix family member e40; TCF7: transcription factor 7 (T-cell specific, HMG-box); NPAS2: neuronal PAS domain protein 2; ARNTL: aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator like; MYRIP: myosin VIIA and Rab interacting protein; SSPN: sarcospan; EIF1B-AS1: EIF1B antisense RNA1; KLHL30: kelch like family member 30; CLN5: ceroid-lipofuscinosis, neuronal 5; FBXL3: FBOX leucine rich repeat protein 3; CUL1: cullin 1; RORB: RAR related orphan receptor B; PER1: period circadian clock 1; nc: non-coding; SNV: single nucleotide variation; UTR: untranslated region; PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.
Table 3
Association of genetic variants with PSQI scores.
| ID | Major/Minor Genotypes | MAF | PSQI Score | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Log Mean ± SD) | |||||
| Reference | Alternative | ||||
| rs5822477 | TT/TTCTC | 0.050 | 1.84 ± 0.57 | 0.96 ± 0.91 | 0.0015 |
| rs2110585 | CC/CA | 0.058 | 1.84 ± 0.57 | 1.06 ± 0.90 | 0.0025 |
| rs3815506 | AA/AG | 0.050 | 1.83 ± 0.57 | 1.01 ± 0.97 | 0.0028 |
| rs73791514 | AA/AT | 0.050 | 1.83 ± 0.57 | 1.01 ± 0.97 | 0.0028 |
| rs2249436 | TT/TC | 0.050 | 1.83 ± 0.59 | 1.01 ± 0.83 | 0.0029 |
| rs1058023 | CC/CT | 0.092 | 1.86 ± 0.54 | 1.25 ± 0.92 | 0.0041 |
| rs3841571 | A/AG….GGGG | 0.050 | 1.68 ± 0.64 | 2.38 ± 0.46 | 0.013 |
| rs7939846 | GG/GA | 0.075 | 1.84 ± 0.64 | 1.26 ± 0.59 | 0.014 |
| rs1714416 | TT/TC | 0.050 | 1.82 ± 0.61 | 1.15 ± 0.80 | 0.018 |
| rs908078 | TT/TC | 0.108 | 1.65 ± 0.65 | 2.13 ± 0.58 | 0.018 |
| rs4963957 | TT/TC | 0.075 | 1.83 ± 0.61 | 1.29 ± 0.76 | 0.022 |
| rs5757055 | CC/CG | 0.158 | 1.62 ± 0.66 | 2.03 ± 0.57 | 0.023 |
| rs7627014 | AA/AT | 0.058 | 1.68 ± 0.66 | 2.26 ± 0.31 | 0.028 |
| rs1053095 | TT/TA | 0.217 | 1.91 ± 0.63 | 1.54 ± 0.64 | 0.030 |
| rs7604810 | GG/GA | 0.142 | 1.87 ± 0.52 | 1.46 ± 0.88 | 0.030 |
| rs61376834 | AA/AG | 0.075 | 1.67 ± 0.68 | 2.18 ± 0.32 | 0.033 |
| rs605153 | GG/GA | 0.117 | 1.85 ± 0.53 | 1.44 ± 0.93 | 0.042 |
| rs243477 | CC/CT | 0.058 | 1.81 ± 0.62 | 1.28 ± 0.79 | 0.042 |
| rs35351192 | ACAC/ACA | 0.058 | 1.69 ± 0.67 | 2.22 ± 0.26 | 0.046 |
| rs4459687 | TT/TC | 0.050 | 1.80 ± 0.63 | 1.32 ± 0.82 | 0.088 |
| rs10746964 | TT/TC | 0.050 | 1.80 ± 0.60 | 1.32 ± 1.01 | 0.088 |
| rs56408410 | GG/GA | 0.083 | 1.69 ± 0.62 | 2.07 ± 0.8 | 0.089 |
| rs34870629 | GG/GT | 0.092 | 1.68 ± 0.69 | 2.05 ± 0.36 | 0.099 |
| rs34883305 | GG/GC | 0.092 | 1.68 ± 0.69 | 2.05 ± 0.36 | 0.099 |
| rs74439275 | GG/GA | 0.092 | 1.68 ± 0.69 | 2.05 ± 0.36 | 0.099 |
[i] Abbreviations: MAF: minor allele frequency; PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.
Figure 2
Known and Predicted Gene Networks. Identified genes with variants associated with PSQI were entered into String Version 10.5 to determine interacting gene networks. Line thickness indicates strength of data support.