References
- 1Adams, WY and Adams, EW. 1991. Archaeological Typology and Practical Reality: A Dialectical Approach to Artifact Classification and Sorting. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511558207
- 2Archaeology Data Service (ADS). 2023. Data Management and Sharing Plans. Available at:
https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/help-guidance/how-to-prepare-data/data-management-sharing-plans/ [Last accessed 22 September 2023]. - 3Baker, L and Driver, T. 2011. ‘Close to the Edge: New Perspectives on the Architecture, Function and Regional Geographies of the Coastal Promontory Forts of the Castlemartin Peninsula, South Pembrokeshire, Wales.’ Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 77: 65–87. DOI: 10.1017/S0079497X00000633
- 4Batist, Z and Roe, J. 2024. ‘Open Archaeology, Open Source? Collaborative practices in an emerging community of archaeological software engineers.’ Internet Archaeology, 67. DOI: 10.11141/ia.67.13
- 5Borgman, CL. 2012. ‘The Conundrum of Sharing Research Data.’ Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 63(6): 1–40. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1869155
- 6Brown, I. 2021. Beacons in the Landscape: The Hillforts of England and Wales. (2nd ed.). Oxford: Windgather Press.
- 7Bruce, P, Bruce, A and Gedeck, P. 2020. Practical Statistics for Data Scientists. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, Inc.
- 8Christison, D. 1898. Early fortifications in Scotland: motes, camps, and forts. Edinburgh: W. Blackwood and Sons.
- 9Cowley, DC. 2002. ‘A case study in the analysis of patterns of aerial reconnaissance in a lowland area of southwest Scotland.’ Archaeological Prospection, 9(4): 255–65. DOI: 10.1002/arp.199
- 10Cowley, DC. 2016a.
‘What Do the Patterns Mean? Archaeological Distributions and Bias in Survey Data.’ In: Forte, M and Campana, S (eds.) Digital Methods and Remote Sensing in Archaeology. Quantitative Methods in the Humanities and Social Sciences. Cham: Springer, pp. 147–170. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-40658-9_7 - 11Cowley, DC. 2016b.
‘Creating the Cropmark Archaeological Record in East Lothian, South-East Scotland.’ In: Crellin, R, Fowler, C and Tipping, R (eds.) Prehistory without Borders: The Prehistoric Archaeology of the Tyne–Forth Region. Oxford: Oxbow Books, pp. 59–70. - 12Cowley, DC and Dickson, AL. 2007.
‘Clays and ‘difficult soils’ in eastern and southern Scotland: dealing with the gaps.’ In: Mills, J and Palmer, R (eds.) Populating Clay Landscapes: Recent advances in archaeology on difficult soils. Stroud: Tempus, pp. 43–54. - 13Cunliffe, B. 2005. Iron Age Communities in Britain: An Account of England, Scotland and Wales from the Seventh Century BC until the Roman Conquest. (4th ed.). London: Routledge.
- 14Driver, T. 2023. The Hillforts of Iron Age Wales. Logaston: Logaston Press.
- 15FISH. 2023. Forum on Information Standards in Heritage (FISH). Available at:
https://heritage-standards.org.uk/ [Last accessed 13 October 2023]. - 16FISH. 2024. Fort. Available at:
http://purl.org/heritagedata/schemes/1/concepts/502553 [Last accessed 23 July 2024]. - 17Forde-Johnston, J. 1976. Hillforts of the Iron Age in England and Wales: a survey of the surface evidence. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.
- 18Garstki, K. 2022. ‘Teaching for Data Reuse and Working toward Digital Literacy.’ Advances in Archaeological Practice, 10(2): 177–186. DOI: 10.1017/aap.2022.3
- 19Géron, A. 2019. Hands-On Machine Learning with Scikit-Learn, Keras, and TensorFlow. (2nd ed.). Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, Inc.
- 20Halliday, S. 2011.
‘Pattern, perception and preconception: recognising regionality in Scottish prehistory.’ In: Jones, AM and Kirkham, G (eds.) Beyond the Core: Reflections on Regionality in Prehistory. Oxford: Oxbow, pp. 19–32. - 21Halliday, S. 2019. ‘Forts and fortification in Scotland.’ In: Lock, G and Ralston, IBM (eds.) Hillforts: Britain, Ireland and the Nearer Continent. Papers from the Atlas of hillforts of Britain and Ireland Conference,
June 2017 . (1st ed.) Oxford:Archaeopress , pp. 54–75. DOI: 10.2307/j.ctvnb7r0b.11 - 22Harding, DW. 2012. Iron Age hillforts in Britain and beyond. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780199695249.001.0001
- 23Historic England. 2017. Understanding the Archaeology of Landscapes. (2nd ed.). Swindon: Historic England.
- 24Historic Environment Scotland (HES). 2023. Canmore, Monument Thesaurus. Available at:
https://canmore.org.uk/thesaurus [Last accessed 22 September 2023]. - 25Hogg, AHA. 1975. A guide to the Hill-Forts of Britain. London: Hart-Davis, MacGibbon.
- 26Hogg, AHA. 1979. British Hill-Forts: an index. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports. DOI: 10.30861/9780860540465
- 27Huggett, J. 2018. ‘Reuse Remix Recycle: Repurposing Archaeological Digital Data.’ Advances in Archaeological Practice, 6(2): 93–104. DOI: 10.1017/aap.2018.1
- 28Huvila, I. 2016. ‘‘If we just knew who should do it’, or the social organization of the archiving of archaeology in Sweden.’ Information Research, 21(2). Available at:
https://www.informationr.net/ir/21-2/paper713.html [Last accessed 30 September 2024]. - 29Jupyter Team. 2023. The Jupyter Notebook v7.0.4. Available at:
https://jupyter-notebook.readthedocs.io/en/stable/notebook.html [Last accessed 12 September 2023]. - 30Lane, A and Campbell, E. 2000. Dunadd: An Early Dalriadic Capital. Oxford: Oxbow.
- 31Lock, G. 2019. ‘The Atlas: an introduction.’ In: Lock, G and Ralston, IBM (eds.) Hillforts: Britain, Ireland and the Nearer Continent. Papers from the Atlas of hillforts of Britain and Ireland Conference,
June 2017 . (1st ed.) Oxford:Archaeopress , pp. 3–8. DOI: 10.2307/j.ctvnb7r0b.8 - 32Lock, G and Ralston, IBM. (eds.) 2019. Hillforts: Britain, Ireland and the Nearer Continent. Papers from the Atlas of hillforts of Britain and Ireland Conference,
June 2017 . (1st ed.) Oxford:Archaeopress . DOI: 10.2307/j.ctvnb7r0b - 33Lock, G and Ralston, IBM. 2022a. Atlas of the Hillforts of Britain and Ireland: Website. Available at:
https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk/ [Last accessed 24 March 2022]. DOI: 10.1515/9781474447140 - 34Lock, G and Ralston, IBM. 2022b. Atlas of the Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. DOI: 10.1515/9781474447140
- 35Lock, G and Ralston, IBM. 2022c. Atlas of the Hillforts of Britain and Ireland: Rest Service. Available at:
https://maps.arch.ox.ac.uk/server/rest/services/hillforts/Atlas_of_Hillforts/MapServer [Last accessed 24 March 2022]. DOI: 10.1515/9781474447140 - 36Lock, G and Ralston, IBM. 2024. Spreadsheets and a Document on the Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. York: Archaeology Data Service. DOI: 10.5284/1118744
- 37Maddison, SM. 2019. ‘Using Atlas data: the distribution of hillforts in Britain and Ireland.’ In: Lock, G and Ralston, IBM (eds.) Hillforts: Britain, Ireland and the Nearer Continent. Papers from the Atlas of hillforts of Britain and Ireland Conference, June 2017. (1st ed.) Oxford:
Archaeopress , pp. 54–75. DOI: 10.2307/j.ctvnb7r0b.15 - 38Maddison, SM. 2022.
‘Using Atlas data: the significance of selected clusters of hillforts in Britain.’ In: Lock, G and Ralston, IBM (eds.) Atlas of the Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 369–393. DOI: 10.1515/9781474447140-012 - 39Marwick, B. 2017. ‘Computational Reproducibility in Archaeological Research: Basic Principles and a Case Study of Their Implementation.’ Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 24: 424–450. DOI: 10.1007/s10816-015-9272-9
- 40Middleton, M. 2024. The Hillforts Primer: An Analysis of the Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland Data. York: Archaeology Data Service. DOI: 10.5284/1119340
- 41Noble, G. 2016.
‘Fortified Settlement and the Emergence of Kingdoms in Northern Scotland in the First Millennium AD.’ In: Christie, N and Herold, H (eds.) Fortified Settlements in Early Medieval Europe Defended Communities of the 8th–10th Centuries. Oxford: Oxbow Books. DOI: 10.2307/j.ctvh1dh3x.10 - 42Noble, G. 2023.
‘Early medieval hilltop and enclosed settlements of Scotland during the first millennium AD.’ In: Pergola, P, Castiglia, G, Kas, HEE, Martinetto, I and Segura J-A (eds.) Perchement et Réalités Fortifiées en Méditerranée et en Europe, Vème-Xème Siècles. Oxford: Archaeopress, pp. 433–443. DOI: 10.2307/jj.2711709.43 - 43Nyrup, R. 2020. ‘Three Uses of Analogy: A Philosophical View of the Archaeologist’s Toolbox.’ Apollo – University of Cambridge Repository. DOI: 10.17863/CAM.36216
- 44O’Driscoll, J, Hawkes, A and O’Brien, W. 2019. ‘The Irish Hillfort.’ In: Lock, G and Ralston, IBM (eds.) Hillforts: Britain, Ireland and the Nearer Continent. Papers from the Atlas of hillforts of Britain and Ireland Conference,
June 2017 . (1 ed.) Oxford:Archaeopress , pp. 77–96. DOI: 10.2307/j.ctvnb7r0b.12 - 45Ordnance Survey. 1962. Map of southern Britain in the Iron Age 1:625,000. (Rev. ed. 1967). Chessington: Ordnance Survey.
- 46Python Software Foundation. 2023. Python Language Reference, version 3.10. Available at:
http://www.python.org [Last accessed 12 September 2023]. - 47Ralston, IBM. 2019. ‘The hillforts of Britain and Ireland – the background to the Atlas Project: an overview of the number of hill- and promontory-fort sites.’ In: Lock, G and Ralston, IBM (eds.) Hillforts: Britain, Ireland and the Nearer Continent. Papers from the Atlas of hillforts of Britain and Ireland Conference,
June 2017 . (1 ed.). Oxford:Archaeopress , pp. 97–116. DOI: 10.2307/j.ctvnb7r0b.9 - 48Rivet, ALF. 1961.
‘Some of the Problems of Hill-Forts.’ In: Frere, SS (ed.) Problems of the Iron Age in southern Britain. London: University of London Institute of Archaeology, pp. 29–34. - 49SciPy Community. 2024. SciPy v1.12.0 Manual: scipy.stats.gaussian_kde. Available at:
https://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy/reference/generated/scipy.stats.gaussian_kde.html [Last accessed 26 February 2024]. - 50Schmidt, SC and Marwick, B. 2020. ‘Tool-Driven Revolutions in Archaeological Science.’ Journal of Computer Applications in Archaeology, 3(1): 18–32. DOI: 10.5334/jcaa.29
- 51The Forum on Information Standards in Heritage (FISH). 2023. Heritage Data – Linked Data Vocabularies for Cultural Heritage. Available at:
https://www.heritagedata.org/blog/vocabularies-provided/ [Last accessed 22 September 2023]. - 52The Turing Way Community. 2021. The Turing Way: A handbook for reproducible, ethical and collaborative research. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3233853
- 53Wilkinson, M, Dumontier, M, Aalbersberg, I, et al. 2016. ‘The FAIR Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship.’ Sci Data, 3: 160018. DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2016.18