Percutaneous Embolization for Painful Varicocele: An 8-Year Tertiary Centre Experience
References
- Ierardi AM, Biondetti P, Tsetis D, Del Giudice C, Uberoi R. CIRSE standards of practice on varicocele embolisation. CardioVascr Intervent Radiol. 2023 January;46(1):19–34. DOI: 10.1007/s00270-022-03293-x.
- Tiralongo F, Distefano G, Palermo M, et al. Liquid and solid embolic agents in gonadal veins. J Clin Med. 2021 April 9;10(8):1596. DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081596.
- Jarow JP, Coburn M, Sigman M. Incidence of varicoceles in men with primary and secondary infertility. Urology. 1996 January 1;47(1):73–76. DOI: 10.1016/s0090-4295(99)80385-9.
- Jargiello T, Drelich‑Zbroja A, Falkowski A, Sojka M, Pyra K, Szczerbo‑Trojanowska M. Endovascular transcatheter embolization of recurrent postsurgical varicocele: Anatomic reasons for surgical failure. Acta Radiologica. 2015 January;56(1):63–99. DOI: 10.1177/0284185113519624.
- Sheehan M, Briody H, O’Neill DC, et al. Pain relief after varicocele embolization: The patient’s perspective. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol. 2020 April;64(2):215–219. DOI: 10.1111/1754-9485.13001.
- Puche‐Sanz I, Flores‐Martín JF, Vázquez‐Alonso F, Pardo‐Moreno PL, Cózar‐Olmo JM. Primary treatment of painful varicocoele through percutaneous retrograde embolization with fibred coils. Andrology. 2014 September;2(5):716–720. DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2014.00253.x.
- D’Andrea S, Barbonetti A, Castellini C, et al. Reproductive hormones and sperm parameters after varicocele repair: An observational study. Andrologia. 2018 December;50(10):e13118. DOI: 10.1111/and.13118.
- Favard N, Moulin M, Fauque P, et al. Comparison of three different embolic materials for varicocele embolization: Retrospective study of tolerance, radiation and recurrence rate. Quant Imaging Med Surg. 2015 December;5(6):806. DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4292.2015.10.10.
- Locke JA, Noparast M, Afshar K. Treatment of varicocele in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta‑analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Pediatr Urol. 2017 October 1;13(5):437–445. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2017.07.008.
- Shridharani A, Owen RC, Elkelany OO, Kim ED. The significance of clinical practice guidelines on adult varicocele detection and management. Asian J Androl. 2016 March;18(2):269. DOI: 10.4103/1008-682X.172641.
- Dubin L, Amelar RD. Varicocele size and results of varicocelectomy in selected subfertile men with varicocele. Fertil Steril. 1970 August 1;21(8):606–609. DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)37684-1.
- Sarteschi M. Lo studio del varicocele con eco‑color‑Doppler. G It Ultrason. 1993;4:43–49.
- Halpern J, Mittal S, Pereira K, Bhatia S, Ramasamy R. Percutaneous embolization of varicocele: Technique, indications, relative contraindications, and complications. Asian J Androl. 2016 March;18(2):234. DOI: 10.4103/1008-682X.169985.
- Prasivoravong J, Marcelli F, Lemaître L, et al. Beneficial effects of varicocele embolization on semen parameters. Basic Clin Androl. 2014 May 16;24(1):1–6.
- R Core Team.
R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing : R Foundation for Statistical Computing: Vienna: Austria; 2022. - Riede P, McCarthy E, Cary R, Boardman P, Tapping CR. Neck or groin access for varicocele embolisation: Is it important? J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol. 2016 December;60(6):728–732. DOI: 10.1111/1754-9485.12495.
- Morag B, Rubinstein ZJ, Goldwasser B, Yerushalmi A, Lunnenfeld B. Percutaneous venography and occlusion in the management of spermatic varicoceles. Am J Roentgenol. 1984 September 1;143(3):635–640. DOI: 10.2214/ajr.143.3.635.
- Cantoro U, Polito M, Muzzonigro G. Reassessing the role of subclinical varicocele in infertile men with impaired semen quality: A prospective study. Urology. 2015 April 1;85(4):826–830. DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2015.01.015.
- Nabi G, Asterlings S, Greene DR, Marsh RL. Percutaneous embolization of varicoceles: Outcomes and correlation of semen improvement with pregnancy. Urology. 2004 February 1;63(2):359–363. DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2003.09.026.
- Shlansky‑Goldberg RD, VanArsdalen KN, Rutter CM, et al. Percutaneous varicocele embolization versus surgical ligation for the treatment of infertility: Changes in seminal parameters and pregnancy outcomes. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 1997 September 1;8(5):759–767. DOI: 10.1016/s1051-0443(97)70657-2.
- Bilreiro C, Donato P, Costa JF, Agostinho A, Carvalheiro V, Caseiro‑Alves F. Varicocele embolization with glue and coils: A single center experience. Diagn Interv Imaging. 2017 July 1;98 (7–8):529–534. DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2017.01.006.
- D’Andrea S, Barbonetti A, Castellini C, et al. Left spermatic vein reflux after varicocele repair predicts pregnancies and live births in subfertile couples. J Endocrinol Invest. 2019 October;42:1215–1221. DOI: 10.1007/s40618-019-01042-5.
- Kroese ACJ, de Lange NM, Collins J, Evers JL. Surgery or embolization for varicoceles in subfertile men. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 October 17;(10):CD000479. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000479.pub5.
- Çayan S, Shavakhabov S, Kadioğlu A. Treatment of palpable varicocele in infertile men: A meta‐analysis to define the best technique. J Androl. 2009 January 2;30(1):33–40. DOI: 10.2164/jandrol.108.005967.
- Punekar SV, Prem AR, Ridhorkar VR, Deshmukh HL, Kelkar AR. Post‐surgical recurrent varicocele: Efficacy of internal spermatic venography and steel‐coil embolization. Br J urol. 1996 January;77(1):124–128. DOI: 10.1046/j.1464-410x.1996.82321.x.
- Ferguson JM, Gillespie IN, Chalmers N, Elton RA, Hargreave TB. Percutaneous varicocele embolization in the treatment of infertility. Br J Radiol. 1995 July;68(811):700–703. DOI: 10.1259/0007-1285-68-811-700.
- Tanahatoe SJ, Maas WM, Hompes PG, Lambalk CB. Influence of varicocele embolization on the choice of infertility treatment. Fertil Steril. 2004 June 1;81(6):1679–1683. DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2003.10.044.
- Çayan S, Orhan I, Akbay E, Kadıoğlu A. Systematic review of treatment methods for recurrent varicoceles to compare post‐treatment sperm parameters, pregnancy and complication rates. Andrologia. 2019 December;51(11):e13419. DOI: 10.1111/and.13419.
- Filippiadis DK, Binkert C, Pellerin O, Hoffmann RT, Krajina A, Pereira PL. CIRSE quality assurance document and standards for classification of complications: The CIRSE classification system. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2017 August;40:1141–1146. DOI: 10.1007/s00270-017-1703-4.
- Chalmers N, Hufton AP, Jackson RW, Conway B. Radiation risk estimation in varicocele embolization. Br J Radiol. 2000 March;73(867):293–297. DOI: 10.1259/bjr.73.867.10817046.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/jbsr.3769 | Journal eISSN: 2514-8281
Language: English
Submitted on: Sep 19, 2024
Accepted on: Jan 11, 2025
Published on: Feb 4, 2025
Published by: Ubiquity Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
© 2025 Philippe Haroun, Salvatore Murgo, Georges Mjaess, Thierry Roumeguère, Fadi Tannouri, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.