Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Unaware Attitude Formation in the Surveillance Task? Revisiting the Findings of Moran et al. (2021) Cover

Unaware Attitude Formation in the Surveillance Task? Revisiting the Findings of Moran et al. (2021)

International Review of Social Psychology
Volume 35 (2022): Issue 1
By: Benedek Kurdi,  Ian Hussey,  Christoph Stahl,  Sean Hughes,  Christian Unkelbach,  Melissa J. Ferguson and  Olivier Corneille  
Open Access
|Jun 2022

References

  1. 1Aust, F., & Barth, M. (2020). papaja: Create APA manuscripts with RMarkdown. R package version 0.1.0.9942. https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/papaja/versions/0.1.0.9942
    Back to article
  2. 2Baeyens, F., Vansteenwegen, D., & Hermans, D. (2009). Associative learning requires associations, not propositions. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 32(2), 217–218. DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X09000867
    Back to article
  3. 3Balduzzi, S., Rücker, G., & Schwarzer, G. (2019). How to perform a meta-analysis with R: A practical tutorial. Evidence Based Mental Health, 22(4), 153–160. DOI: 10.1136/ebmental-2019-300117
    Back to article
  4. 4Bar-Anan, Y., De Houwer, J., & Nosek, B. A. (2010). Evaluative conditioning and conscious knowledge of contingencies: A correlational investigation with large samples. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63(12), 2313–2335. DOI: 10.1080/17470211003802442
    Back to article
  5. 5Bürkner, P. C. (2017). brms: An R package for Bayesian multilevel models using Stan. Journal of Statistical Software, 80(1), 1–28. DOI: 10.18637/jss.v080.i01
    Back to article
  6. 6Corneille, O., & Stahl, C. (2019). Associative attitude learning: A closer look at evidence and how it relates to attitude models. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 23(2), 161–189. DOI: 10.1177/1088868318763261
    Back to article
  7. 7Davies, S. R., El-Deredy, W., Zandstra, E. H., & Blanchette, I. (2018). Evidence for the role of cognitive resources in flavour–flavour evaluative conditioning. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 65(12), 2297–2308. DOI: 10.1080/17470218.2012.701311
    Back to article
  8. 8De Houwer, J. (2014). A propositional model of implicit evaluation. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 8(7), 342–353. DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12111
    Back to article
  9. 9Dedonder, J., Corneille, O., Bertinchamps, D., & Yzerbyt, V. (2014). Overcoming correlational pitfalls: Experimental evidence suggests that evaluative conditioning occurs for explicit but not implicit encoding of CS–US pairings. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 5(2), 250–257. DOI: 10.1177/1948550613490969
    Back to article
  10. 10Dedonder, J., Corneille, O., Yzerbyt, V., & Kuppens, T. (2010). Evaluative conditioning of high-novelty stimuli does not seem to be based on an automatic form of associative learning. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46(6), 1118–1121. DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2010.06.004
    Back to article
  11. 11Dienes, Z. (2014). Using Bayes to get the most out of non-significant results. Frontiers in Psychology, 5(e33400), 1507–1517. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00781
    Back to article
  12. 12Eagly, A. H., & Chaiken, S. (1993). The psychology of attitudes. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers.
    Back to article
  13. 13Flake, J. K., & Fried, E. I. (2020). Measurement schmeasurement: Questionable measurement practices and how to avoid them. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 3(4), 456–465. DOI: 10.1177/2515245920952393
    Back to article
  14. 14Flake, J. K., Pek, J., & Hehman, E. (2017). Construct validation in social and personality research. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 8(4), 370–378. DOI: 10.1177/1948550617693063
    Back to article
  15. 15Gawronski, B., & Bodenhausen, G. V. (2014). Implicit and explicit evaluation: A brief review of the associative–propositional evaluation model. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 8(8), 448–462. DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12124
    Back to article
  16. 16Gawronski, B., & Walther, E. (2012). What do memory data tell us about the role of contingency awareness in evaluative conditioning? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48(3), 617–623. DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2012.01.002
    Back to article
  17. 17Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. (1995). Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes. Psychological Review, 102(1), 4–27. DOI: 10.1037//0033-295X.102.1.4
    Back to article
  18. 18Guttman, L. (1944). A basis for scaling qualitative data. American Sociological Review, 9(2), 139. DOI: 10.2307/2086306
    Back to article
  19. 19Hofmann, W., Houwer, J. D., Perugini, M., Baeyens, F., & Crombez, G. (2010). Evaluative conditioning in humans: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 136(3), 390–421. DOI: 10.1037/a0018916
    Back to article
  20. 20Högden, F., Hütter, M., & Unkelbach, C. (2018). Does evaluative conditioning depend on awareness? Evidence from a continuous flash suppression paradigm. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 44(10), 1641–1657. DOI: 10.1037/xlm0000533
    Back to article
  21. 21Hussey, I., & Hughes, S. (2019). Hidden invalidity among 15 commonly used measures in social and personality psychology. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 3(2), 166–184. DOI: 10.1177/2515245919882903
    Back to article
  22. 22Jones, C. R., Fazio, R. H., & Olson, M. A. (2009). Implicit misattribution as a mechanism underlying evaluative conditioning. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96(5), 933–948. DOI: 10.1037/a0014747
    Back to article
  23. 23Jurchis, R., Costea, A., Dienes, Z., Miclea, M., & Opre, A. (2020). Evaluative conditioning of artificial grammars: Evidence that subjectively unconscious structures bias affective evaluations of novel stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 149(9), 1800–1809. DOI: 10.1037/xge0000734
    Back to article
  24. 24Kattner, F. (2012). Revisiting the relation between contingency awareness and attention: Evaluative conditioning relies on a contingency focus. Cognition & Emotion, 26(1), 166–175. DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2011.565036
    Back to article
  25. 25Knowlton, B. J., Ramus, S. J., & Squire, L. R. (1992). Intact artificial grammar learning in amnesia: Dissociation of classification learning and explicit memory for specific instances. Psychological Science, 3(3), 172–179. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.1992.tb00021.x
    Back to article
  26. 26Kruschke, J. K. (2018). Rejecting or accepting parameter values in Bayesian estimation. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 1(2), 270–280. DOI: 10.1177/2515245918771304
    Back to article
  27. 27Levey, A. B., & Martin, I. (1975). Classical conditioning of human “evaluative” responses. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 13(4), 221–226. DOI: 10.1016/0005-7967(75)90026-1
    Back to article
  28. 28Lovibond, P. F., & Shanks, D. R. (2002). The role of awareness in Pavlovian conditioning: Empirical evidence and theoretical implications. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 28(1), 3–26. DOI: 10.1037//0097-7403.28.1.3
    Back to article
  29. 29Meijer, R. R. (1994). The number of Guttman errors as a simple and powerful person-fit statistic. Applied Psychological Measurement, 18(4), 311–314. DOI: 10.1177/014662169401800402
    Back to article
  30. 30Mitchell, C. J., De Houwer, J., & Lovibond, P. F. (2009). The propositional nature of human associative learning. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 32(02), 183–198. DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X09000855
    Back to article
  31. 31Moors, A., & De Houwer, J. (2006). Automaticity: A theoretical and conceptual analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 132(2), 297–326. DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.132.2.297
    Back to article
  32. 32Moran, T., Hughes, S., Hussey, I., Vadillo, M. A., Olson, M. A., Aust, F., Bading, K., Balas, R., Benedict, T., Corneille, O., Douglas, S. B., Ferguson, M. J., Fritzlen, K. A., Gast, A., Gawronski, B., Giménez-Fernández, T., Hanusz, K., Heycke, T., Högden, F., … De Houwer, J. (2021). Incidental attitude formation via the surveillance task: A preregistered replication of the Olson and Fazio (2001) study. Psychological Science, 32(1), 120–131. DOI: 10.1177/0956797620968526
    Back to article
  33. 33Morey, R. D., & Rouder, J. N. (2018). BayesFactor: Computation of Bayes Factors for common designs. R package version 0.9.12–4.2. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=BayesFactor
    Back to article
  34. 34Newell, B. R., & Shanks, D. R. (2014). Unconscious influences on decision making: A critical review. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 38(01), 1–19. DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X12003214
    Back to article
  35. 35Olson, M. A., & Fazio, R. H. (2001). Implicit attitude formation through classical conditioning. Psychological Science, 12(5), 413–417. DOI: 10.1111/1467-9280.00376
    Back to article
  36. 36Rouder, J. N., & Morey, R. D. (2011). A Bayes factor meta-analysis of Bem’s ESP claim. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 18(4), 682–689. DOI: 10.3758/s13423-011-0088-7
    Back to article
  37. 37Rydell, R. J., McConnell, A. R., Mackie, D. M., & Strain, L. M. (2006). Of two minds: Forming and changing valence-inconsistent implicit and explicit attitudes. Psychological Science, 17(11), 954–958. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01811.x
    Back to article
  38. 38Saffran, J. R., & Kirkham, N. Z. (2018). Infant statistical learning. Annual Review of Psychology, 69(1), 181–203. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-122216-011805
    Back to article
  39. 39Schapiro, A. C., Rogers, T. T., Cordova, N. I., Turk-Browne, N. B., & Botvinick, M. M. (2013). Neural representations of events arise from temporal community structure. Nature Neuroscience, 16(4), 486–492. DOI: 10.1038/nn.3331
    Back to article
  40. 40Shanks, D. R. (2017). Regressive research: The pitfalls of post hoc data selection in the study of unconscious mental processes. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 24(3), 752–775. DOI: 10.3758/s13423-016-1170-y
    Back to article
  41. 41Shanks, D. R., & St. John, M. F. (1994). Characteristics of dissociable human learning systems. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 17(03), 367–395. DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X00035032
    Back to article
  42. 42Stahl, C., Haaf, J., & Corneille, O. (2016). Subliminal evaluative conditioning? Above-chance CS identification may be necessary and insufficient for attitude learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 145(9), 1107–1131. DOI: 10.1037/xge0000191
    Back to article
  43. 43Sweldens, S., Corneille, O., & Yzerbyt, V. (2014). The role of awareness in attitude formation through evaluative conditioning. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 18(2), 187–209. DOI: 10.1177/1088868314527832
    Back to article
  44. 44Vadillo, M. A., Linssen, D., Orgaz, C., Parsons, S., & Shanks, D. R. (2019). Unconscious or underpowered? Probabilistic cuing of visual attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 149(1), 160–181. DOI: 10.1037/xge0000632
    Back to article
  45. 45Valentine, J. C., Pigott, T. D., & Rothstein, H. R. (2009). How many studies do you need? Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 35(2), 215–247. DOI: 10.3102/1076998609346961
    Back to article
  46. 46Vazire, S. (2019). “Thoughts inspired by the @replicats workshop: Replicability of Evidence asks ‘Would I get consistent evidence if I did the same thing again?’ Replicability of Inferences asks ‘Would others draw the same inference from this evidence as the claim in the paper?’ (1/5).” [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/siminevazire/status/1148149981292978178
    Back to article
  47. 47Viechtbauer, W. (2010). Conducting meta-analyses in R with the metafor package. Journal of Statistical Software, 36(3), 1–48. DOI: 10.18637/jss.v036.i03
    Back to article
  48. 48Waroquier, L., Abadie, M., & Dienes, Z. (2020). Distinguishing the role of conscious and unconscious knowledge in evaluative conditioning. Cognition, 205, 104460. DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104460
    Back to article
  49. 49Wickham, H., François, R., Henry, L., & Müller, K. (2020). dplyr: A grammar of data manipulation. R package version 0.8.4. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=dplyr
    Back to article
  50. 50Yarkoni, T. (2020). The generalizability crisis. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 45, e1. DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X20001685
    Back to article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/irsp.546 | Journal eISSN: 2397-8570
Journal RSS Feed
Language: English
Submitted on: Dec 11, 2020
Accepted on: May 3, 2022
Published on: Jun 6, 2022
Published by: Ubiquity Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
attitudes,
awareness,
evaluative conditioning,
incidental learning,
surveillance task

© 2022 Benedek Kurdi, Ian Hussey, Christoph Stahl, Sean Hughes, Christian Unkelbach, Melissa J. Ferguson, Olivier Corneille, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Previous articleVolume 35 (2022): Issue 1Next article