Dyadic Dynamic in Generalized Political Attitudes: Homophily, Relationship Satisfaction, and Convergence
By: Andreas Miculka and Roland Imhoff
References
- Ackermann, R. A., & Kenny, D. A. (2016). APIMPowerR: An interactive tool for Actor-Partner Interdependence Model power analysis [Computer software].
https://robert-a-ackerman.shinyapps.io/APIMPowerRdis/ - Aichholzer, J. (2019). Kurzskala Soziale Dominanzorientierung (KSDO-3). Zusammenstellung sozialwissenschaftlicher Items und Skalen (ZIS). 10.6102/ZIS269
- Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. SAGE Publications.
- Ajzen, I. (1974). Effects of information on interpersonal attraction: Similarity versus affective value. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 29(3), 374–380. 10.1037/h0036002
- Alford, J. R., Hatemi, P. K., Hibbing, J. R., Martin, N. G., & Eaves, L. J. (2011). The politics of mate choice. The Journal of Politics, 73(2), 362–379. 10.1017/S0022381611000016
- Altemeyer, B. (1981). Right-wing authoritarianism. University of Manitoba Press.
- Altemeyer, B. (1996). The authoritarian specter. Harvard University Press.
- Anderson, C., Keltner, D., & John, O. P. (2003). Emotional convergence between people over time. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(5), 1054–1068. 10.1037/0022-3514.84.5.1054
- Arránz Becker, O. (2013). Effects of similarity of life goals, values, and personality on relationship satisfaction and stability: Findings from a two-wave panel study. Personal Relationships, 20(3), 443–461. 10.1111/j.1475-6811.2012.01417.x
- Bale, J. M. (2007). Political paranoia v. political realism: On distinguishing between bogus conspiracy theories and genuine conspiratorial politics. Patterns of Prejudice, 41(1), 45–60. 10.1080/00313220601118751
- Bauer, P. C., Barberá, P., Ackermann, K., & Venetz, A. (2017). Is the left-right scale a valid measure of ideology?: Individual-level variation in associations with “left” and “right” and left-right self-placement. Political Behavior, 39(3), 553–583. 10.1007/s11109-016-9368-2
- Beck, P. A. (1991). Voters’ intermediation environments in the 1988 presidential contest. Public Opinion Quarterly, 55(3), 371. 10.1086/269269
- Beierlein, C., Asbrock, F., Kauff, M., & Schmidt, P. (2015). Kurzskala autoritarismus (KSA-3). Zusammenstellung sozialwissenschaftlicher Items und Skalen (ZIS). 10.6102/ZIS228
- Busby, D. M., Christensen, C., Crane, D. R., & Larson, J. H. (1995). A revision of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale for use with distressed and nondistressed couples: Construct hierarchy and multidimensional scales. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 21(3), 289–308. 10.1111/j.1752-0606.1995.tb00163.x
- Byrne, D. E. (1971). The attraction paradigm. Personality and psychopathology: Vol. 11. Academic Press.
- Cohrs, J. C., Kielmann, S., Maes, J., & Moschner, B. (2005). Effects of right-wing authoritarianism and threat from terrorism on restriction of civil liberties. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 5(1), 263–276. 10.1111/j.1530-2415.2005.00071.x
- Cozzolino, P. J., & Snyder, M. (2008). Good times, bad times: How personal disadvantage moderates the relationship between social dominance and efforts to win. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34(10), 1420–1433. 10.1177/0146167208321595
- Duckitt, J., & Sibley, C. G. (2016).
The dual process motivational model of ideology and prejudice . In C. G. Sibley & F. K. Barlow (Eds.), The Cambridge Handbook of the Psychology of Prejudice (1st ed., pp. 188–221). Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/9781316161579.009 - Edwards, J. R. (2002).
Alternatives to difference scores: Polynomial regression analysis and response surface methodology . In F. Drasgow & N. Schmitt (Eds.), Measuring and analyzing behavior in organizations: Advances in measurement and data analysis (pp. 350–400). Jossey-Bass/Wiley. 10.1037/e576892011-020 - Efron, B., & Tibshirani, R. J. (1993). An Introduction to the Bootstrap. Springer US. 10.1007/978-1-4899-4541-9
- Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A. G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1149–1160. 10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
- Garcia, R., & Kenny, D. A. (2018). DATIC: Dyadic Data Analysis 2018 Workshop. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
https://randilgarcia.github.io/week-dyad-workshop/index.html - GESIS-Leibniz-Institut Für Sozialwissenschaften. (2019). German General Social Survey—ALLBUS 2012. German General Social Survey—ALLBUS 2012 (Version 1.0.0) [Dataset]. GESIS Data Archive. 10.4232/1.13418
- Green, D., Palmquist, B., & Schickler, E. (2002). Partisan hearts and minds: Political Parties and the Social Identities of Voters. Yale University Press.
https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1npp6m - Griffin, D., & Gonzalez, R. (1995). Correlational analysis of dyad-level data in the exchangeable case. Psychological Bulletin, 118(3), 430–439. 10.1037/0033-2909.118.3.430
- Gutiérrez, A. S., & Unzueta, M. M. (2013). Are admissions decisions based on family ties fairer than those that consider race? Social dominance orientation and attitudes toward legacy vs. affirmative action policies. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49(3), 554–558. 10.1016/j.jesp.2012.10.011
- Hacker, J., & Pierson, P. (2015).
Confronting asymmetric polarization . In N. Persily (Ed.), Solutions to political polarization in America. Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9781316091906.003 - Hendrick, S. S., Dicke, A., & Hendrick, C. (1998). The relationship assessment scale. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 15(1), 137–142. 10.1177/0265407598151009
- Higgins, E. T., Rossignac-Milon, M., & Echterhoff, G. (2021). Shared reality: From sharing-is-believing to merging minds. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 30(2), 103–110. 10.1177/0963721421992027
- Ho, A. K., Sidanius, J., Kteily, N., Sheehy-Skeffington, J., Pratto, F., Henkel, K. E., Foels, R., & Stewart, A. L. (2015). The nature of social dominance orientation: Theorizing and measuring preferences for intergroup inequality using the new SDO7 scale. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 109(6), 1003–1028. 10.1037/pspi0000033
- Ho, A. K., Sidanius, J., Pratto, F., Levin, S., Thomsen, L., Kteily, N., & Sheehy-Skeffington, J. (2012). Social dominance orientation: Revisiting the structure and function of a variable predicting social and political attitudes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 38(5), 583–606. 10.1177/0146167211432765
- Huber, G. A., & Malhotra, N. (2017). Political homophily in social relationships: Evidence from online dating behavior. The Journal of Politics, 79(1), 269–283. 10.1086/687533
- Huckfeldt, R., Mendez, J. M., & Osborn, T. (2004). Disagreement, ambivalence, and engagement: The political consequences of heterogeneous networks. Political Psychology, 25(1), 65–95. 10.1111/j.1467-9221.2004.00357.x
- Humbad, M. N., Donnellan, M. B., Iacono, W. G., McGue, M., & Burt, S. A. (2010). Is spousal similarity for personality a matter of convergence or selection? Personality and Individual Differences, 49(7), 827–830. 10.1016/j.paid.2010.07.010
- Humberg, S., Nestler, S., & Back, M. D. (2019). Response surface analysis in personality and social psychology: Checklist and clarifications for the case of congruence hypotheses. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 10(3), 409–419. 10.1177/1948550618757600
- Humberg, S., Schönbrodt, F. D., Back, M. D., & Nestler, S. (2022). Cubic response surface analysis: Investigating asymmetric and level-dependent congruence effects with third-order polynomial models. Psychological Methods, 27(4), 622–649. 10.1037/met0000352
- Imhoff, R. (in press). The psychology of conspiracy mentality. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. 10.1016/bs.aesp.2025.10.002
- Imhoff, R., & Bruder, M. (2014). Speaking (Un–)Truth to power: Conspiracy mentality as a generalised political attitude. European Journal of Personality, 28(1), 25–43. 10.1002/per.1930
- Imhoff, R., Dieterle, L., & Lamberty, P. (2021). Resolving the puzzle of conspiracy worldview and political activism: Belief in secret plots decreases normative but increases nonnormative political engagement. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 12(1), 71–79. 10.1177/1948550619896491
- Imhoff, R., Zimmer, F., Klein, O., António, J. H. C., Babinska, M., Bangerter, A., Bilewicz, M., Blanuša, N., Bovan, K., Bužarovska, R., Cichocka, A., Delouvée, S., Douglas, K. M., Dyrendal, A., Etienne, T., Gjoneska, B., Graf, S., Gualda, E., Hirschberger, G., … Van Prooijen, J. W. (2022). Conspiracy mentality and political orientation across 26 countries. Nature Human Behaviour, 6(3), 392–403. 10.1038/s41562-021-01258-7
- Jolley, D., Douglas, K. M., Leite, A. C., & Schrader, T. (2019). Belief in conspiracy theories and intentions to engage in everyday crime. British Journal of Social Psychology, 58(3), 534–549. 10.1111/bjso.12311
- Lampard, R. J. (1997). Party political homogamy in Great Britain. European Sociological Review, 13(1), 79–99. 10.1093/oxfordjournals.esr.a018207
- Larsson, M. R., Björklund, F., & Bäckström, M. (2012). Right-wing authoritarianism is a risk factor of torture-like abuse, but so is social dominance orientation. Personality and Individual Differences, 53(7), 927–929. 10.1016/j.paid.2012.06.015
- Leikas, S., Ilmarinen, V. J., Verkasalo, M., Vartiainen, H. L., & Lönnqvist, J. E. (2018). Relationship satisfaction and similarity of personality traits, personal values, and attitudes. Personality and Individual Differences, 123, 191–198. 10.1016/j.paid.2017.11.024
- Lepièce, B., Reynaert, C., Van Meerbeeck, P., & Dory, V. (2016). Social dominance theory and medical specialty choice. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 21(1), 79–92. 10.1007/s10459-015-9612-2
- Lönnqvist, J. E., & Kivikangas, M. (2019). Economic attitudes, social attitudes and their psychological underpinnings – A study of the Finnish political elite. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 602. 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00602
- Mäenpää, E., & Jalovaara, M. (2014). Homogamy in socio-economic background and education, and the dissolution of cohabiting unions. Demographic Research, 30, 1769–1792. 10.4054/DemRes.2014.30.65
- Moskalenko, S., Burton, B. S., Fernández-Garayzábal González, J., & Bloom, M. M. (2023). Secondhand conspiracy theories: The social, emotional and political tolls on loved ones of QAnon followers. Democracy and Security, 19(3), 231–250. 10.1080/17419166.2022.2111305
- Mousaw, C. (2022). I love who he was but hate who he’s become: The impacts of conspiracy theories on interpersonal relationships [Master’s thesis, University of Colorado]. ProQuest.
https://www.proquest.com/openview/a423f94393fef92217383ba31c955efb/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y - Mutz, D. C. (2002). Cross-cutting social networks: Testing democratic theory in practice. American Political Science Review, 96(1), 111–126. 10.1017/S0003055402004264
- Nießen, D., Schmidt, I., Beierlein, C., & Lechner, C. M. (2019). Authoritarianism Short Scale (KSA-3). ZIS – The Collection of Items and Scales for the Social Sciences. 10.6102/ZIS272
- Olsen, J. A., & Kenny, D. A. (2006). Structural equation modeling with interchangeable dyads. Psychological Methods, 11(2), 127–141. 10.1037/1082-989X.11.2.127
- Peter, J. P., Churchill, G. A.
Jr. , & Brown, T. J. (1993). Caution in the use of difference scores in consumer research. Journal of Consumer Research, 19(4), 655. 10.1086/209329 - Phillips, J. B. (2025). “I’m so worried about my whole family”: Modeling r/QAnonCasualties to better understand the effects of (QAnon) conspiracy beliefs on families. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 42(7), 1517–1536. 10.1177/02654075251328116
- Pratto, F., Sidanius, J., Stallworth, L. M., & Malle, B. F. (1994). Social dominance orientation: A personality variable predicting social and political attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(4), 741–763. 10.1037/0022-3514.67.4.741
- Schielzeth, H., Dingemanse, N. J., Nakagawa, S., Westneat, D. F., Allegue, H., Teplitsky, C., Réale, D., Dochtermann, N. A., Garamszegi, L. Z., & Araya-Ajoy, Y. G. (2020). Robustness of linear mixed-effects models to violations of distributional assumptions. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 11(9), 1141–1152. 10.1111/2041-210X.13434
- Schönbrodt, F. D., Humberg, S., & Nestler, S. (2018). Testing similarity effects with Dyadic response surface analysis. European Journal of Personality, 32(6), 627–641. 10.1002/per.2169
- Schwartz, S., Breyer, B., & Danner, D. (2015). Human values scale (ESS). ZIS – The Collection Items and Scales for the Social Sciences. 10.6102/ZIS234
- Schwartz, S., Melech, G., Lehmann, A., Burgess, S., Harris, M., & Owens, V. (2001). Extending the cross-cultural validity of the theory of basic human values with a different method of measurement. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 32(5), 519–542. 10.1177/0022022101032005001
- Shiota, M. N., & Levenson, R. W. (2007). Birds of a feather don’t always fly farthest: Similarity in big five personality predicts more negative marital satisfaction trajectories in long-term marriages. Psychology and Aging, 22(4), 666–675. 10.1037/0882-7974.22.4.666
- Sibley, C. G., & Duckitt, J. (2008). Personality and prejudice: A meta-analysis and theoretical review. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 12(3), 248–279. 10.1177/1088868308319226
- Sidanius, J., Mitchell, M., Haley, H., & Navarrete, C. D. (2006). Support for harsh criminal sanctions and criminal justice beliefs: A social dominance perspective. Social Justice Research, 19(4), 433–449. 10.1007/s11211-006-0026-4
- Six, B., Wolfrath, U., & Zick, A. (2001). Autoritarismus und Soziale Dominanz als generalisierte Einstellungen. Zeitschrift Für Politische Psychologie, 9, 23–40.
- Toribio-Flórez, D., Green, R., & Douglas, K. M. (2024). Belief in conspiracy theories and satisfaction in interpersonal relationships. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 54(10), 603–627. 10.1111/jasp.13061
- van Assche, J., Dhont, K., & Pettigrew, T. F. (2019). The social-psychological bases of far-right support in Europe and the United States. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 29(5), 385–401. 10.1002/casp.2407
- van der Linden, S. (2015). The conspiracy-effect: Exposure to conspiracy theories (about global warming) decreases pro-social behavior and science acceptance. Personality and Individual Differences, 87, 171–173. 10.1016/j.paid.2015.07.045
- Watson, D., Beer, A., & McDade-Montez, E. (2014). The role of active assortment in spousal similarity. Journal of Personality, 82(2), 116–129. 10.1111/jopy.12039
- Watson, D., Klohnen, E. C., Casillas, A., Nus Simms, E., Haig, J., & Berry, D. S. (2004). Match makers and deal breakers: Analyses of assortative mating in Newlywed couples. Journal of Personality, 72(5), 1029–1068. 10.1111/j.0022-3506.2004.00289.x
- Weidmann, R., Schönbrodt, F. D., Ledermann, T., & Grob, A. (2017). Concurrent and longitudinal dyadic polynomial regression analyses of Big Five traits and relationship satisfaction: Does similarity matter? Journal of Research in Personality, 70, 6–15. 10.1016/j.jrp.2017.04.003
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/irsp.1102 | Journal eISSN: 2397-8570
Language: English
Page range: 5 - 5
Submitted on: Jun 13, 2025
Accepted on: Mar 2, 2026
Published on: Apr 13, 2026
Published by: Ubiquity Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
© 2026 Andreas Miculka, Roland Imhoff, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.