Table 1
Scoping review inclusion and exclusion criteria.
| INCLUSION CRITERIA | EXCLUSION CRITERIA | |
|---|---|---|
| Participants | System agents involved in responding to violence within families or whānau. ‘Agent(s)’ may be a collective such as a professional practice discipline (nurses or doctors), organisation or service (health or social). | Literature that does not discuss the interaction between at least two system agents that provide services. |
| Concept | Interaction between system agents responding to families and whānau impacted by violence. | Speculates on what integrated service design ‘ought to be’ but does not report actual service delivery interaction. |
| Context | System responses to families or whānau impacted by the family violence as defined in the protocol. | Literature related to violence occurring outside of familial relationships. |
| Types of evidence | Reviews (e.g., systematic, or narrative reviews), protocols for planned studies, peer-reviewed research articles, policy, strategy, or guidelines, full-text articles. | Reports published before 2010, Not written in English, Editorial articles, Abstracts or posters, Articles where full text is unavailable. |
Table 2
Search terms.
| KEYWORD | SEARCH TERMS | |
|---|---|---|
| (1) | integrate | (“Integrated response” OR “integrated care” OR integration OR integrated OR inter-agency OR interagency OR cross-agency OR cross-sector OR multi-agency OR multi-sectorial OR collaboration OR joined-up OR cross-government OR network OR networked OR “system response” OR “comprehensive response” OR coordinated OR partnership) AND |
| (2) | family | (family OR whānau OR domestic OR children OR “intimate partner” OR tamariki OR interpersonal OR familial OR intrafamilial) AND |
| (3) | violence | (violence OR harm OR abuse OR “family violence” OR batter). |
| (4) | Indigenous | Indigenous, Māori, Māori-led, whānau-centred, whānau-based, “whānau first”, “Mana Wāhine”, “Mana tāne”, “whānau violence”, “kaupapa Māori” |
| (5) | New Zealand | ‘Zealand’ |
Table 3
Study types and sources.
| METHOD | TYPE | SOURCES |
|---|---|---|
| Database search | Published journal articles | CINAHL (via EBSCO), MEDLINE (via EBSCO), Cochrane Library (via OVID), PsycINFO, Scopus, Informit Indigenous Collection, NZ Family Violence Clearinghouse library |
| Manual search | Indigenous journals | MAI, Te Kaharoa |
| Google programmable search | Policies and grey literature (e.g., guidelines, strategy, and commissioned reports) | World Health Organisation, UN Women, VAWnet, Futures without Violence (U.S.A.), Australian institute of family studies, NZ Family Violence Death Review Committee, NZ Ministry of Social Development, NZ Oranga Tamariki Ministry for Children, NZ Joint Venture for Family Violence and Sexual Violence, NZ Ministry of Justice, NZ Police, NZ Ministry of Health, NZ Māori Reference Group for the Taskforce for Action on Violence within Families, NZ Office of the Commissioner for Children, E Tū Whanau, Domestic violence evidence project, Pacifica Proud |
Table 4
Characteristics of reports (N = 72).
| Study types | Original research | 21 |
| Report | 19 | |
| Programme evaluation | 15 | |
| Meta-synthesis | 11 | |
| Other (guidelines, framework, strategy) | 6 | |
| Countries of origin | Australia | 30 |
| USA | 16 | |
| UK | 12 | |
| New Zealand | 11 | |
| Australia & USA | 1 | |
| Australia & UK | 1 | |
| Canada | 1 | |
| Focus on types of violence addressed | Family violence (multiple)* | 55 |
| Child abuse and neglect | 12 | |
| Intimate partner violence | 4 | |
| Elder abuse | 1 | |
| System agents represented** | Health | 55 |
| Justice (courts, correction) | 45 | |
| Child protective agencies | 45 | |
| Police | 43 | |
| Community and NGOs (Men’s services, counselling, advocacy) | 40 | |
| DV specialist | 35 | |
| Social services | 31 | |
| Housing | 17 | |
| Education | 14 | |
| Drug and Alcohol | 8 | |
| Disability | 4 | |
| Finance | 1 | |
| Theoretical position | Specified | 41 |
| Not specified | 31 |
[i] *Reports including multiple forms of violence including physical, mental, sexual, coercive control, financial, violence against women and their children, children living with violence, child physical, mental, and sexual abuse, sibling sexual abuse, violence against Indigenous women, whānau violence, honour-based violence, elder abuse, and women using force.
**Inclusion criteria required a minimum of two agencies involved in the integrated service, therefore n > 72. We have maintained the terms used by authors of the selected reports, it is likely that Community and NGO services overlaps with DV specialist services.
Figure 1
Database search results.
Table 5
Integrated Family Violence Service Delivery: Pathway to Impact.
| WORLDVIEW | PRACTICE DISCOURSE | INTEGRATION LOGIC | IMPACT | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A way of looking at the problem that shapes what is considered important | How integrated family violence service delivery is spoken about in policy and practice | The approach taken to integrate services in policy and practice | The possible impact integrated family violence service delivery may have for care-seekers | |
| Systems-centred | Focuses on service delivery agents and mechanisms of interaction between them | Safety and accountability via information sharing | Prescribed processes e.g., protocols, mandates, interagency meetings | System efficiency |
| Person-centred | Focuses on individual, family or whānau service delivery | Individual assessment and care | Symptom and needs-based report & referral | System outputs and outcomes, known or unknown |
| Indigenous-centred | Focuses on inherent, seen or unseen, relationships between person, family or whānau, culture and values | Connectedness, wellbeing and balance | Connection to metaphysical elements and incorporation of these in ordinary tasks | Hauora and healing |