References
- 1Acciaioli, G. (2009).
Conservation and community in the Lore Lindu National Park: Customary custodianship, multi-ethnic participation, and resource entitlement . In C. Warren, & J. McCarthy (Eds.), Community, environment and local governance in Indonesia: Locating the commonwealth (pp. 88–118). Oxon, UK: Routledge. - 2Agrawal, A. (2005a). Environmentality: Technologies of Government and the Making of Subjects. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. DOI: 10.1215/9780822386421
- 3Agrawal, A. (2005b). Environmentality: Community, intimate government, and the making of environmental subjects in Kumaon, India. Curr. Anthropol., 46(2), 161–190. DOI: 10.1086/427122
- 4Agrawal, A., & Ribot, J. (1999). Accountability in Decentralization: A Framework with South Asian and West African Environmental Cases. Journal of Development Areas, 33, 473–502.
- 5Alemayehu, N. A., Vandenabeele, N., & Arts, B. (2015). Performance of participatory forest management in Ethiopia: Institutional arrangement versus local practices. Critical Policy Studies, 1–20.
- 6Andersen, K. E. (2015). Study of Upland Customary Communal Tenure in Chin and Shan States. Yangon, Myanmar: Livelihoods and Food Security Trust Fund (LIFT). Retrieved from
https://www.lift-fund.org/my/node/5831 - 7Armitage, D., Marschke, M., & Plummer, R. (2008). Adaptive co-management and the paradox of learning. Global Environmental Change, 18, 86–98. DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2007.07.002
- 8Ashenafi, Z. T., & Leader-Williams, N. (2005). Indigenous common property resource management in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia. Human Ecology, 33(4), 539–563. DOI: 10.1007/s10745-005-5159-9
- 9Asmamaw, A., & Auch, E. (2016).
Participative Innovation Platforms (PIP): Guidelines for analysis and development of commercial forest product value chains in Sudan and Ethiopia . CHAINS Working Paper; 3rd Edition. CHAnces IN Sustainability: Promoting natural resource based product chains in East Africa (CHAINS). Tharandt, Germany: Technische Universität Dresden. - 10Aung, M. (2007). Policy and practice in Myanmar’s protected area system. Journal of Environmental Management, 84(2), 188–203. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.05.016
- 11Aung, P. S., Adam, Y. O., Pretzsch, J., & Peters, R. (2015). Distribution of forest income among rural households: A case study from Natma Taung national park, Myanmar. Forests, Trees and Livelihoods, 24(3), 190–201. DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2014.976597
- 12Ballet, J., Kouamékan, J., Koffi, M., & Komena, K. B. (2009). Co-management of natural resources in developing countries: The importance of context. Économie international, 120, 53–76.
- 13Benson, C. (2012). Conservation NGOs in Madang, Papua New Guinea: Understanding Community and Donor Expectations. Society & Natural Resources, 25(1), 71–86. DOI: 10.1080/08941920.2011.603141
- 14Borrini-Feyerabend, G. (1997).
Participation in conservation: Why, what, when, how? In: G. Borrini-Feyerabend (Ed.), Beyond fences: Seeking social sustainability in conservation (pp. 20–31). Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. - 15Borrini-Feyerabend, G., Farvar, M. T., Nguinguiri, J. C., & Ndangang, V. A. (2007).
Comanagement of Natural Resources: Organising, Negotiating and Learning-by-Doing . Heidelberg (Germany): GTZ and IUCN, Kasparek Verlag. Reprint 2007 [first publication in 2000]. - 16Brockington, D. (2002). Fortress Conservation. The Preservation of the Mkomazi Game Reserve, Tanzania. Oxford: James Currey.
- 17Brown, D., & Schreckenberg, K. (2001). Community forestry: facing up to the challenge in Cameroon. London, UK: ODI.
- 18Bruns, B. R. (2008). Aiding Adaptive Co-management in Irrigation: Governing Shared Resources: Connecting Local experience to Global Challenges. Presented at the Biennial Global Conference of the International Association for the Study of the Commons. England:
Cheltenham ,July 14 to18, 2008 . - 19Buchenrieder, G., & Balgah, R. A. (2013). Sustaining livelihoods around community forests. What is the potential contribution of wildlife domestication? The Journal of Modern African Studies, 51(1), 57–84. DOI: 10.1017/S0022278X12000596
- 20Campbell, B., Sayer, J. A., Frost, P., Vermeulen, S., Pérez, M. R., & Prabhu, A. C. (2001). Assessing the performance of natural resource systems. Ecol. Soc., 5(2), 22. DOI: 10.5751/ES-00316-050222
- 21Carlsson, L., & Berkes, F. (2005). Co-management: Concepts and methodological implications. Journal of Environmental Management, 75, 65–76. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2004.11.008
- 22Chabwela, H. N., & Haller, T. (2010). Governance issues, potentials and failures of participative collective action in the Kafue Flats, Zambia. International Journal of the Commons, 4(2), 621–642. DOI: 10.18352/ijc.189
- 23Connick, S., & Innes, J. E. (2003). Outcomes of collaborative water policy making: Applying complexity thinking to evaluation. J. Environ. Plan. Manag, 46(2), 177–197. DOI: 10.1080/0964056032000070987
- 24Danielsen, F., Burgess, N. D., Balmford, A., Donald, P. F., Funder, M., Jones, J. P. G., & Yonten, D. (2009). Local participation in natural resource monitoring: A characterization of approaches. Conservation Biology, 23(1), 31–42. DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01063.x
- 25Devitt, P. (1988). The People of the Korup Protected Area. Report on phase 1 of the Socio-Economic Survey. WWF and Republic of Cameroon
- 26Diaw, M. C., & Tiani, A. M. (2010). Fences in Our Heads: A Discourse Analysis of the Korup Resettlement Stalemate. Journal of Sustainable Forestry, 29(2–4), 221–251. DOI: 10.1080/10549810903548138
- 27Ensminger, J. (1992). Making a Market. The Institutional Transformation of an African Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- 28Faye, P. (2016).
Adding Scepticism About ‘Environmentality’: Gender Exclusion Through a Natural Resources Collectivization Initiative in Dionewar, Senegal . In P. Bose, & H. van Dijk (Eds.), Drylands Forests: Management and Social Diversity in Asia and Africa (pp. 95–114). Dordrecht: Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-19405-9_5 - 29Faye, P., Haller, T., & Ribot, J. (2017). Shaping Rules and Practice for More Justice? Local Conventions and Local Resistance in Eastern Senegal. Human Ecology, 8, 1–11. DOI: 10.1007/s10745-017-9918-1
- 30Fischer, A., Wakjira, D. T., Weldesemaet, Y. T., & Ashenafi, Z. T. (2014). On the interplay of actors in the co-management of natural resources – A dynamic perspective. World Development, 64, 158–168. DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.05.026
- 31Fletcher, F. (2017). Environmentality unbound: Multiple governmentalities in environmental politics. Geoforum, 85, 311–315. DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2017.06.009
- 32Fon, F. (2013). An analysis of co-management on the development and preservation of natural resources on the Mt. Cameroon National Park. Wildlife Specialists Training College. Retrieved from
http://www.ecoledefaune.org/internal_images/rapport-b2-forlemu-fon.pdf - 33Fondufe, S. L., Kimengsi, J. N., & Gwan, S. A. (2016). Strengthening women’s participation in the sustainable management of the Bimbia-Bonadikombo Community Forest of Cameroon: Challenges and blueprints. International Journal of Sustainable Development Research, 2(4), 24–29. DOI: 10.11634/233028791503745
- 34Forest Department. (2015). National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan for Myanmar (2015–2020). Nay Pyi Taw. Retrieved from
https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/mm/mm-nbsap-v2 - 35Forest Department. (2017). Natma Taung National Park: Five Years Management Plan (2018–2023). Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar.
- 36Foucault, M. (1991).
Governmentality . In G. Burchell, C. Gordon, & P. Miller (Eds.), The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality (pp. 87–104). Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf. - 37Frame, T. M., Gunton, T., & Day, J. C. (2004). The role of collaboration in environmental management: An evaluation of land and resource planning in British Columbia. J. Environ. Plan. Manag., 47(1), 59–82. DOI: 10.1080/0964056042000189808
- 38Galvin, M., & Haller, T. (Eds.) (2008). People, protected areas and global change: Participatory conservation in Latin America, Africa, Asia and Europe. Bern, Switzerland: Geographica Bernensia.
- 39Geiser, U., & Rist, S. (Eds.) (2009). Decentralisation meets local complexity: Local struggles, state decentralisation and access to natural resources in South Asia and Latin America. Bern, Switzerland: Geographica Bernensia.
- 40Gondo, T. (2011). Adaptive Co-management of Natural Resources: A Solution or Problem? Journal of Human Ecology, 33(2), 119–131. DOI: 10.1080/09709274.2011.11906354
- 41Haller, T. (2001). Rules which pay are going to stay: Indigenous institutions, sustainable resource use and land tenure among the Ouldeme and Platha, Mandara Mountains, Northern Cameroon. Bulletin de l’APAD.
http://journals.openedition.org/apad/148 Accessed 29/01/18 - 42Haller, T. (2007). Understanding Institutions and Their Links to Resource Management from the Perspective of New Institutionalism. Retrieved from
http://www.north-south.unibe.ch/content.php/publications - 43Haller, T. (Eds.) (2010).
Disputing the Floodplains: Institutional Change and the Politics of Resource Management in African Floodplains . Leiden: Brill. DOI: 10.1163/ej.9789004185326.i-454 - 44Haller, T. (2013).
The Contested Floodplain . Institutional Change of the Commons in the Kafue Flats, Zambia. Lanham: Lexington, Rowman & Littlefield. - 45Haller, T., Acciaioli, G., & Rist, S. (2016). Constitutionality: Conditions for Crafting Local Ownership of Institution-Building Processes. Society & Natural Resources, 29(1), 68–87. DOI: 10.1080/08941920.2015.1041661
- 46Haller, T., Belsky, J. M., & Rist, S. (2018). The constitutionality approach: Conditions, opportunities, and challenges for bottom-up institution building. Human ecology, 46(1), 1–2. DOI: 10.1007/s10745-018-9966-1
- 47Haller, T., & Chabwela, H. (2009). Managing common pool resources in the Kafue Flats, Zambia: From common property to open access and privatisation. Development Southern Africa, 26(4), 555–567. DOI: 10.1080/03768350903181340
- 48Haller, T., & Galvin, M. (2011).
Challenges for participatory conservation in times of global change: Lessons from a comparative analysis and new developments . In U. Wiesmann, & H. Hurni (Eds.), Research for sustainable development: Foundations, experiences, and perspectives (pp. 467–503). Bern, Switzerland: Geographica Bernensia. - 49Haller, T., & Merten, S. (2018). Crafting our own rules: Constitutionality as a bottom-up approach for the development of by-laws in Zambia. Human ecology, 46(1), 3–13. DOI: 10.1007/s10745-017-9917-2
- 50Hulme, D., & Murphree, M. (Eds.) (2001). African Wildlife and Livelihoods. Portsmouth, UK: Heinemann.
- 51Istituto Oikos, & BANCA. (2011). Myanmar Protected Areas: Context, Current Status and Challenges. Retrieved from
http://www.istituto-oikos.org/files/download/2012/MyanmarProtectedAreas - 52Kimengsi, J. N. (2014). Threats to Ecotourism Development and Forest Conservation in the Lake Barombi Mbo Area of Cameroon. Journal of International Wildlife Law and Policy, 17(4), 213–230. DOI: 10.1080/13880292.2014.957033
- 53Kimengsi, J. N., & Balgah, R. A. (2017). Repositioning Local Institutions in Natural Resource Management: Perspectives from Sub-Saharan Africa. Schmollers Jahrb. J. Context. Econ, 137, 149–172. DOI: 10.3790/schm.137.1-2.149
- 54Kimengsi, J. N., & Moteka, P. N. (2018). Revisiting participatory forest management and community livelihoods in the Kilum-Ijim montane forest landscape of Cameroon. International Journal of Global Sustainability, 2(1), 39–55. DOI: 10.5296/ijgs.v2i1.12766
- 55Kimengsi, J. N., Pretzsch, J., Auch, E., & Balgah, R. A. (2019). WWF’s Green Business Model in Protected area conservation and Livelihoods Sustenance in Cameroon: The need for a shift in approach? Environment & Natural Resources Research, 9(1) 9–24. DOI: 10.5539/enrr.v9n1p9
- 56Larson, A., & Ribot, J. (2004). Democratic decentralization through a natural resource lens: An introduction. European Journal of Development Research, 16(1), 1–25. DOI: 10.1080/09578810410001688707
- 57Li, T. M. (2007). The will to improve: Governmentality, development, and the practice of politics. Durham, NC: Duke University Press,.
- 58Lund, J. F., & Bluwstein, J. (2018). When conservation research goes awry: A reply to Mascia and Mills. Conservation Letters, 11(3),
e12461 . DOI: 10.1111/conl.12461 - 59Lund, J. F., Rutt, R. L., & Ribot, J. (2018). Trends in research on forestry decentralization policies. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 32, 17–22. DOI: 10.1016/j.cosust.2018.02.003
- 60Mbile, P., Vabi, M., Meboka, M., Okon, D., Arrey-Mbo, J., Nkonghoe, F., & Ebong, E. (2005). Linking management and livelihood in environmental conservation: Case of the Korup National Park Cameroon. Journal of Environmental Management, 76(1), 1–13. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.01.009
- 61Meek, C. L. (2013). Forms of collaboration and social fit in wildlife management: A comparison of policy networks in Alaska. Global Environmental Change, 23(1), 217–228. DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.10.003
- 62Mustalahti, I. (2006). How to handle the stick: Positive processes and crucial barriers of participatory forest management. Forests, Trees and Livelihoods, 16(2), 151–165. DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2006.9752553
- 63Ngai, S. G. (1993). Report on the field survey to the Natma Taung proposed national park. Myanmar: Yangon.
- 64Nijborg, W. (2000).
Evaluation of the resettlement process: The case of Korup National Park with emphasis on the Ikondokondo I Pilot Scheme . Unpublished report, Korup Project, Mundemba, Cameroon. - 65Olsson, P., Folke, C., & Berkes, F. (2004). Adaptive co-management for building resilience in social-ecological systems. Environmental Management, 34(1), 75–90. DOI: 10.1007/s00267-003-0101-7
- 66Ostrom, E. (1990). Governing the commons: The evolution of institutions for collective action. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511807763
- 67Oyono, P. R. (2004). The social and organisational roots of ecological uncertainties in Cameroon’s forest management decentralisation model. The European Journal of Development Research, 16(1), 174–191. DOI: 10.1080/09578810410001688798
- 68Plummer, R., & Armitage, D. (2007). A resilience-based framework for evaluating adaptive co-management: Linking ecology, economics and society in a complex world. Ecological economics, 61(1), 62–74. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.09.025
- 69Plummer, R., Baird, J., Armitage, D., Bodin, Ö., & Schultz, L. (2017). Diagnosing adaptive comanagement across multiple cases. Ecology and Society, 22(3). DOI: 10.5751/ES-09436-220319
- 70Plummer, R., Baird, J., Dzyundzyak, A., Armitage, D., Bodin, Ö., & Schultz, L. (2017). Is adaptive co-management delivering? Examining relationships between collaboration, learning and outcomes in UNESCO biosphere reserves. Ecological Economics, 140, 79–88. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.04.028
- 71Plummer, R., Crona, B., Armitage, D., Olsson, P., Tengö, M., & Yudina, O. (2012). Adaptive comanagement: A systematic review and analysis. Ecology and Society, 17(3). DOI: 10.5751/ES-04952-170311
- 72Pretzsch, J. (2005). Forest related rural livelihood strategies in national and global development. Forest Trees Livelihoods, 15, 115–127. DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2005.9752515
- 73Pretzsch, J. (2014).
Paradigms of Tropical Forestry in Rural Development . In J. Pretzsch, D. Darr, H. Uibrig, & E. Auch (Eds.), Forests and rural development (pp. 7–49). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-41404-6 - 74Pretzsch, J., & Auch, E. (forthcoming).
Methodological lessons from research on rural innovation and adaptation: A plea for constructivist and action-oriented research approaches in forestry. Tropical Forestry Focus. Institute for International Forestry and Forest Products . Tharandt, Germany: Technische Universität Dresden. - 75Pretzsch, J., Darr, D., Lindner, A., Uibrig, H., & Auch, E. (2014).
Prospects for forest-based rural development . In J. Pretzsch, D. Darr, H. Uibrig, & E. Auch (Eds.), Forests and rural development (pp. 375–384). Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-41404-6 - 76PSMNR. (2012). Collaborative management approach and conservation incentives concept. Programme for the Sustainable Management of Natural Resources (PSMNR), Ministry of Forestry and Wildlife (MINFOF).
- 77Rao, M., Htun, S., Platt, S. G., Tizard, R., Poole, C., Myint, T., & Watson, J. E. M. (2013). Biodiversity conservation in a changing climate: A review of threats and implications for conservation planning in Myanmar. Ambio, 42(7), 789–804. DOI: 10.1007/s13280-013-0423-5
- 78Ratner, B. D., Burnley, C., Mugisha, S., Madzudzo, E., Oeur, I., Kosal, M., Rüttinger, L., Chilufya, L. N., & Adriázola, P. (2017). Facilitating multistakeholder dialogue to manage natural resource competition: A synthesis of lessons from Uganda, Zambia, and Cambodia. International Journal of the Commons, 11(2), 733–753. DOI: 10.18352/ijc.748
- 79Ribot, J. C. (1999). Decentralization, participation, and accountability in Sahelian forestry legal instruments of political-administrative control. Africa, 69(1), 1–39. DOI: 10.2307/1161076
- 80Ribot, J. C. (2002). Democratic decentralization of natural resources: Institutionalizing popular participation. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute. DOI: 10.1057/9781403981288_6
- 81Rist, S., Chiddambaranathan, M., Escobar, C., & Wiesmann, U. (2006). “It was hard to come to mutual understanding…”—The multidimensionality of social learning processes concerned with sustainable natural resource use in India, Africa and Latin America. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 19(3), 219–237. DOI: 10.1007/s11213-006-9014-8
- 82Rist, S., Chiddambaranathan, M., Escobar, C., Wiesmann, U., & Zimmermann, A. (2007). Moving from sustainable management to sustainable governance of natural resources: The role of social learning processes in rural India, Bolivia and Mali. Journal of Rural Studies, 23(1), 23–37. DOI: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2006.02.006
- 83Sayer, J. A. (1983).
A survey of Natma Taung (Mount Victoria), Southern Chin Hills . Myanmar: Yangon. - 84Schmidt-Soltau, K., & Brockington, D. (2007). Protected Areas and Resettlement: What Scope for Voluntary Relocation? World Development, 35(12), 2182–2202. DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2007.02.008
- 85Schultz, L., Duit, A., & Folke, C. (2011). Participation, adaptive co-management, and management performance in the world network of biosphere reserves. World Development, 39(4), 662–671. DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2010.09.014
- 86Sekhar, N. U. (2000). Decentralized natural resource management: From state to co-management in India. Journal of environmental planning and management, 43(1), 123–138. DOI: 10.1080/09640560010793
- 87Shackleton, S., Campbell, B., Wollenberg, E., & Edmunds, D. (2002).
Devolution and community-based natural resource management: Creating space for local people to participate and benefit? London: ODI. DOI: 10.4314/zsn.v36i1.18553 - 88Smedstad, J. A., & Gosnell, H. (2013). Do adaptive comanagement processes lead to adaptive comanagement outcomes? A multicase study of long-term outcomes associated with the National Riparian Service Team’s place-based riparian assistance. Ecology and Society, 18(4). DOI: 10.5751/ES-05793-180408
- 89SPECTRUM. (2015). Participatory Monitoring and Management (PMM) in Natmataung National Park, Chin State, Myanmar. Retrieved from
https://spectrumsdkn.org/en/news/55-community-knowledge-in-natmataung . - 90Tint, K., Springate-Baginski, O., & Gyi, M. K. K. (2011).
Community forestry in Myanmar: Progress and potentials . Yangon: ECCDI. - 91Watson, E. (2003). Examining the potential of indigenous institutions for development: A perspective from Borana, Ethiopia. Development and Change, 34(2), 287–309. DOI: 10.1111/1467-7660.00306
- 92Yami, M., Vogl, C., & Hausera, M. (2009). Comparing the effectiveness of informal and formal institutions in sustainable common pool resources management in Sub-Saharan Africa. DOI: 10.4103/0972-4923.64731