Table 1
Model initialisation.
| PARAMETERS | VALUE | |
|---|---|---|
| Number of householders | N | 100 |
| Number of community members | M | 20 |
| Community surplus | T | 200 |
| Price for buying from grid | pgrid | 0.5 |
| Payback for sending to the grid | psend | 0.5 |
| Householders | ||
| Demand | Di | ∈ [0,10] |
| Flexibility | fi | ∈ [0,0.05] |
| Agents’ weight for cost reduction | ai | ∈ [0,1] |
| Agents’ weight for system efficiency | bi | ∈ [0,1] |
| Agents’ weight for solidarity (caring about community members’ satisfaction) | ci | ∈ [0,1] |
| Community members | ||
| Willingness to share | sj | ∈ [0,0.05] |
| Minimum flexibility | fj,min | ∈ [0,1] |
| Selling price | pj,sell | ∈ [0,1] |
| Weight for profit increase | aj | ∈ [0,1] |
| Weight for system efficiency | bj | ∈ [0,1] |
| Weight for solidarity (caring about householders’ satisfaction) | cj | ∈ [0,1] |
| Weight for householders’ positive interactions (for selling price) | ej | ∈ [0,1] |
Table 2
Summary of scenarios’ outcomes.
| SCENARIO 1 | SCENARIO 2 | SCENARIO 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| psell | 0.99 | 0.76 | 0.41 |
| h | 0.81 | 0.88 | 0.98 |
| wi | 0.35 | 0.19 | 0.03 |
| wj | –0.81 | –0.44 | –0.31 |
| fi | 0.79 | 0.98 | 0.98 |
| fmin | 0.91 | 0.93 | 0.96 |
| s | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.94 |
| x | 0.81 | 0.88 | 0.94 |
| y | 0 | 0 | 0.04 |
| z | 0.19 | 0.12 | 0.02 |
Figure 1
Outcomes of the three scenarios: trends of the simulation runs. Note: The horizontal axis in all plots represents simulation time, while the vertical axis shows values ranging from 0 to 1. For some model outcomes, such as householders’ flexibility or community sharing, these values represent percentages, whereas for others, like psell, they correspond to actual parameter values.
Figure 2
Summary tables of price sensitivity analysis. Cells in red show the lowest values while cells in green the highest.
Figure 3
Model outcomes based on varying level of community surplus (T).
Table 3
Policy mix scenarios. Summary of outcomes for eight policy mixes (P1 to P8) combining low and high levels of: (i) the minimum flexibility required for householders to access free surplus (fmin), (ii) the community’s willingness to share surplus (s), and (iii) the price set by the community for selling surplus to householders (psell). Low levels range from 0.01 to 0.25, and high levels range from 0.75 to 0.99.
| P1 | P2 | P3 | P4 | P5 | P6 | P7 | P8 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Level of minimum flexibility (fj,min) | Low | Low | Low | Low | High | High | High | High |
| Level of community sharing (sj) | Low | Low | High | High | Low | Low | High | High |
| Level of price for selling surplus (pj,sell) | Low | High | Low | High | Low | High | Low | High |
| Selling price (psell) | 0.14 | 0.91 | 0.12 | 0.86 | 0.12 | 0.91 | 0.12 | 0.86 |
| System efficiency (h) | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.97 | 0.97 | 0.96 | 0.09 | 0.99 | 0.97 |
| Householders (w– i) | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.03 |
| Community members (w– j) | –0.01 | –0.01 | –0.32 | –0.32 | –0.24 | –0.01 | –0.33 | –0.32 |
| Householders flexibility (f–i) | 0.92 | 0.92 | 0.98 | 0.98 | 0.97 | 0.92 | 0.98 | 0.98 |
| Minimum flexibility accepted (fmin) | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.98 | 0.97 | 0.97 | 0.97 |
| Community sharing (s) | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.97 | 0.97 | 0.1 | 0.09 | 0.97 | 0.97 |
| Shared (x) | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.97 | 0.97 | 0.1 | 0.09 | 0.97 | 0.97 |
| Sold (y) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.86 | 0 | 0.02 | 0 |
| Sent (z) | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.91 | 0.01 | 0.03 |