References
- 1Adebayo, A. (2017). Sustainable tourism and cultural landscape management: the case of Idanre Hill, Ondo State, Nigeria. Tourism Today, 16(16/17), 43–55.
- 2Adesiji, G. B., & Babalola, F. D. (2012). Sacred forests: Indigenous knowledge and cultural beliefs for conservation of forests in Ifo Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. African Journal of Sustainable Development, 2(1), 117–134.
- 3Adigun, F.O., Abolade, F., & Adegboye, D. I. (2016). Patronage pattern of Idanre Hills as ecotourism centre. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 6(12), 35–42.
- 4Akinde, C. O. (2018). Participatory approach to archaeological heritage management Oke-Idanre Cultural Landscape – a case study. In Paper presented at the ICOMOS-ICAHM 2018 Annual Meeting: Discover Sicily’s Argimusco – a Holistic Approach to Heritage Management
25–28 October 2018 ,Montalbano Elicona, Province of Messina , Sicily, Italy. - 5Amman, B. R., Bird, B. H., Bakarr, I. A., Bangura, J., Schuh, A. J., Johnny, J., … & Lebbie, A. (2020). Isolation of Angola-like Marburg virus from Egyptian rousette bats from West Africa. Nature Communications, 11(1), 1–9. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14327-8
- 6Aniah, P., & Yelfaanibe, A. (2016). Learning from the past: The role of sacred groves and shrines in environmental management in the Bongo district of Ghana. Environmental Earth Sciences, 75(10), 916. DOI: 10.1007/s12665-016-5706-2
- 7Babalola, F. D. (2011). Roles of and threats to Yoruba traditional beliefs in wilderness conservation in southwest Nigeria. Presented at the Ninth World Wilderness Congress Symposium. Meridá, Yucatán, Mexico, pp. 125–129.
- 8Bai, Y., Osinubi, M. O., Osikowicz, L., McKee, C., Vora, N. M., Rizzo, M. R., … & Kosoy, M. Y. (2018). Human exposure to novel Bartonella species from contact with fruit bats. Emerging infectious diseases, 24(12), 2317. DOI: 10.3201/eid2412.181204
- 9Baker, L. R. (2013). Links between local folklore and the conservation of Sclater’s monkey (Cercopithecus sclateri) in Nigeria. African Primates, 8, 17–24.
- 10Baker, L. R., Tanimola, A. A., & Olubode, O. S. (2018). Complexities of local cultural protection in conservation: the case of an Endangered African primate and forest groves protected by social taboos. Oryx, 52, 262–270. DOI: 10.1017/S0030605317001223
- 11Bhagwat, S. A., & Rutte, C. (2006). Sacred groves: potential for biodiversity management. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 4(10), 519–524. DOI: 10.1890/1540-9295(2006)4[519:SGPFBM]2.0.CO;2
- 12Bryman, A. (2012). Social Research Methods (4th ed.). Oxford University Press.
- 13Bulkan, J. (2017).
Social, cultural and spiritual needs and values . In J. Innes & A. Tikina (Eds.), Sustainable Forest Management: From Concept to Practice (pp. 241–256). Earthscan. - 14Ceperley, N., Montagnini, F., & Natta, A. (2010). Significance of sacred sites for riparian forest conservation in Central Benin. Bois et Forêts des Tropiques, 64(303), 5–23. DOI: 10.19182/bft2010.303.a20450
- 15Clason, D. L., & Dormody, T. J. (1994). Analyzing data measured by individual Likert-type items. Journal of Agricultural Education, 35(4), 4. DOI: 10.5032/jae.1994.04031
- 16Daniel, K. S., Udeagha, A. U., & Jacob, D. E. (2016). Socio-cultural importance of sacred forests conservation in south southern Nigeria. African Journal of Sustainable Development, 6(2), 251–268.
- 17Dudley, N., Bhagwat, S., Higgins-Zogib, L., Lassen, B., Verschuuren, B., & Wild, R. (2010).
Conservation of biodiversity in sacred natural sites in Asia and Africa: A review of the scientific literature . In: B. Verschuuren, R. Wild, J. McNeely, G. Oviedo (Eds.), Sacred Natural Sites Conserving Nature and Culture (pp. 19–32). Earthscan. - 18Federal Ministry of Environment (FME), Federal Republic of Nigeria. (2015a). National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan 2016–2020. Available at
https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/ng/ng-nbsap-v2-en.pdf - 19FME. (2015b). Nigeria’s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC). Available at
https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/ndcstaging/PublishedDocuments/Nigeria%20First/Approved%20Nigeria%27s%20INDC_271115.pdf - 20Ferguson, K., & Hanks, J. (Eds.). (2010). Fencing Impacts: A review of the environmental, social and economic impacts of game and veterinary fencing in Africa with particular reference to the Great Limpopo and Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Areas. Pretoria, South Africa: Mammal Research Institute, 329 pp.
- 21Garnett, S. T., Burgess, N. D., Fa, J. E., Fernández-Llamazares, Á., Molnár, Z., Robinson, C. J., … & Leiper, I. (2018). A spatial overview of the global importance of Indigenous lands for conservation. Nature Sustainability, 1(7), 369–374. DOI: 10.1038/s41893-018-0100-6
- 22Jakes, A. F., Jones, P. F., Paige, L. C., Seidler, R. G., & Huijser, M. P. (2018). A fence runs through it: A call for greater attention to the influence of fences on wildlife and ecosystems. Biological Conservation, 227, 310–318. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2018.09.026
- 23Kolawole, F. (n.d). Exploring the Wilds of Igbo-Olodumare. 234 Project.
https://the234project.com/state-and-tourism/nigeria/exploring-the-wilds-of-igbo-olodumare/ (Accessed January 10, 2020). - 24Lebbie, A. R., & Guries, R. P. (1995). Ethnobotanical value and conservation of sacred groves of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone. Economic Botany, 49(3), 297–308. DOI: 10.1007/BF02862349
- 25Lebbie, A. R., & Freudenberger, M. S. (1996).
Sacred Groves in Africa: Forest Patches in Transition” . In J. Schelhas and R. Greenberg (Eds.), Forest Patches in Tropical Landscapes, (pp. 300–324). Island Press. - 26Liljeblad, J., & Verschuuren, B. (Eds.). (2019). Indigenous Perspectives on Sacred Natural Sites: Culture, Governance and Conservation (1st ed.). Routledge. DOI: 10.4324/9781351234900
- 27Mackenzie, J. S., & Smith, D. W. (2020). COVID-19: a novel zoonotic disease caused by a coronavirus from China: what we know and what we don’t. Microbiology Australia, 41(1), 45–50. DOI: 10.1071/MA20013
- 28Marini Govigli, V., Efthymiou, A., & Stara, K. (2021). From religion to conservation: unfolding 300 years of collective action in a Greek sacred forest. Forest Policy and Economics, 131, 102575. DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2021.102575
- 29Marshall, G. (2007). Nesting, Subsidiarity, and Community-based environmental Governance beyond the Local Scale. International Journal of the Commons, 2(1), 75–97. DOI: 10.18352/ijc.50
- 30Marshall, C., & Rossman, G. B. (2016). Designing Qualitative Research (6th ed.). SAGE.
- 31Mgumia, F., & Oba, G. (2003). Potential role of sacred groves in biodiversity conservation in Tanzania. Environmental Conservation, 30(3), 259–265. DOI: 10.1017/S0376892903000250
- 32National Commission for Museums and Monuments (NCMM). (2005). Nomination to the World Heritage List of Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria. Available at
https://whc.unesco.org/uploads/nominations/1118.pdf - 33NCMM. (2007). Nomination to the World Heritage List of Oke Idanre (Idanre Hill), Ondo State, Nigeria.
https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5169/ (Accessed January 10, 2020). - 34NCMM. (2014). Osun Osogbo Sacred Grove. UNESCO World Heritage Site. Conservation Management Plan 2015–2019.
- 35Nganso, T. B., Kyerematen, R., & Obeng-Ofori, D. (2012). Review of biodiversity in sacred groves in Ghana and implications on conservation. Current Trends in Ecology, 3, 1–10.
- 36Ogundiran, A. (2014). The Osun-Osogbo grove as a social common and an uncommon ground: An analysis of patrimonial patronage in postcolonial Nigeria. International Journal of Cultural Property, 21(2), 173–198. DOI: 10.1017/S0940739114000058
- 37Ogunfolakan, A., Nwokeocha, C., Olayemi, A., Olayiwola, M., Bamigboye, A., Olayungbo, A., … & Oyebanjo, O., (2016). Rapid ecological and environmental assessment of Osun Sacred Forest Grove, Southwestern Nigeria. Open Journal of Forestry, 6, 243–258. DOI: 10.4236/ojf.2016.64020
- 38Okonji, O. C., Okonji, E. F., Mohanan, P., Babar, M. S., Saleem, A., Khawaja, U. A., … & Hasan, M. M. (2022). Marburg virus disease outbreak amidst COVID-19 in the Republic of Guinea: A point of contention for the fragile health system? Clinical epidemiology and global health, 13, 100920. DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100920
- 39Oladeji, S. O., & Akinrinola, O. O. (2010). Potentials of cultural heritage tourism as basis for sustainable heritage site development in Nigeria. Applied. Tropical Agriculture, 15(1), 6–11.
- 40Oladeji, S. O., Osanyinleye, G. D., & Lawal, A. (2021). Assessment of the conservation values of Osun Osogbo Sacred Grove, Osun State, Nigeria. Tanzania Journal of Forestry and Nature Conservation, 90(2), 97–114.
- 41Onyekwelu, J. C., & Olusola, J. A. (2014). Role of sacred grove in in-situ biodiversity conservation in rainforest zone of south-western Nigeria. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 26(1), 5–15.
- 42Ormsby, A. (2012a).
Cultural and conservation values of sacred forests in Ghana . In: G. Pungetti, G. Oviedo & D. Hooke, (Eds.), Sacred Species and Sites: Advances in Biocultural Conservation (pp. 335–350). Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9781139030717.032 - 43Ormsby, A. (2012b). Perceptions of Tourism at Sacred Groves in Ghana and India. Recreation and Society in Africa, Asia and Latin America, 3(1), 1–18.
- 44Ormsby, A., & Bhagwat, S. (2010). Sacred forests of India: A strong tradition of community-based natural resource management. Environmental Conservation, 37(3), 320–326. DOI: 10.1017/S0376892910000561
- 45Osegale, G. E., Omisore, E. O., & Gbadegesin, J. T. (2014). Exploratory survey on the maintenance of Osun-Osogbo sacred grove, Nigeria. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 3(2), 1–22.
- 46Ostrom, E. (1990). Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511807763
- 47Oyeleke, O. O., Ogunjemite, B. G., & Ndasule, N. A. (2017). Assessment of collaborative and multi-level management of Osun Osogbo Sacred Grove, Nigeria: A world heritage site. International Journal of Development and Sustainability, 6(7), 439–450.
- 48Oyelowo, O. J., Aduradola, A. M., Onadeko, S. A., & Agboola, D. A. (2014). Socio-Economic Contribution of Selected Sacred Groves in South-west Nigeria. International Journal of Novel Research in Civil Structural and Earth Sciences, 1(1), 36–45.
- 49Peterson St-Laurent, G., Hagerman, S., Kozak, R., Hoberg, G. (2018). Public perceptions about climate change mitigation in British Columbia’s forest sector. PLoS ONE, 13(4), 1–25. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195999
- 50Probst, P. (2009). Modernism Against Modernity: A Tribute to Susanne Wenger. Critical Intervention, 2(3/4), 245–255. DOI: 10.1080/19301944.2008.10781356
- 51Probst, P. (2013). Preserving heritage and the values of exchange: Lessons from Nigeria. History Compass, 11(2), 1035–1046. DOI: 10.1111/hic3.12102
- 52Probst, P. (2016).
Prickly prestations: Living with (World)Heritage in Nigeria . In: C. Brumann & D. Berliner, (Eds.), World Heritage on the Ground: Ethnographic Perspectives (pp. 248–272). Berghahn Books. DOI: 10.2307/j.ctvpj7hh2.14 - 53Rutte, C. (2011). The sacred commons: conflicts and solutions of resource management in sacred natural sites. Biological Conservation, 144, 2387–2394. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2011.06.017
- 54Samakov, A., & Berkes, F. (2017). Spiritual commons: sacred sites as core of community-conserved areas in Kyrgyzstan. International Journal of the Commons, 11(1), 422–444. DOI: 10.18352/ijc.713
- 55Sheridan, M. J. (2009). The environmental and social history of African sacred groves: A Tanzanian case study. African Studies Review, 52(1), 73–98. DOI: 10.1353/arw.0.0149
- 56Udeagha, U. A., Udofia, I. S., & Jacob, D. E. (2013). Cultural and socio-economic perspectives of the conservation of Asanting Ibiono Sacred Forests in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation, 5(11), 696–703. DOI: 10.5897/IJBC2013.0580
- 57Verschuuren, B., Wild, R., McNeely, J. A., & Oviedo, G. (Eds.), (2010).
Sacred natural sites conserving nature and culture (1st ed.). Earthscan. - 58Yami, M., Vogl, C., & Hausera, M. (2009). Comparing the effectiveness of informal and formal institutions in sustainable common pool resources management in Sub-Saharan Africa. Conservation and Society, 7(3), 153–164. DOI: 10.4103/0972-4923.64731
- 59Yusuf, T. G. (2016). A micro analysis of tourists, other participants and tourism activities at Osun Osogbo Sacred Grove, Nigeria. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 7(7), 96–104.