Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Integrating Institutions with Local Contexts in Community-Based Irrigation Governance: A Qualitative Systematic Review of Variables, Combinations, and Effects Cover

Integrating Institutions with Local Contexts in Community-Based Irrigation Governance: A Qualitative Systematic Review of Variables, Combinations, and Effects

By: Raymond Yu Wang and  Tipeng Chen  
Open Access
|Sep 2021

References

  1. 1Abdullaev, I., Kazbekov, J., Manthritilake, H., & Jumaboev, K. (2010). Water User Groups in Central Asia: Emerging Form of Collective Action in Irrigation Water Management. Water Resources Management, 24(5), 10291043. DOI: 10.1007/s11269-009-9484-4
  2. 2Agrawal, A. (2001). Common Property Institutions and Sustainable Governance of Resources. World Development, 29(10), 16491672. DOI: 10.1016/S0305-750X(01)00063-8
  3. 3Agrawal, A., & Benson, C. S. (2011). Common property theory and resource governance institutions: strengthening explanations of multiple outcomes. Environmental Conservation, 38(2), 199210. DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-0072.2010.00398.x
  4. 4Agrawal, A., & Chhatre, A. (2006). Explaining success on the commons: Community forest governance in the Indian Himalaya. World Development, 34(1), 149166. DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.07.013
  5. 5Agrawal, A., & Gibson, C. C. (1999). Enchantment and Disenchantment: The Role of Community in Natural Resource Conservation. World Development, 27(4), 629649. DOI: 10.1016/S0305-750X(98)00161-2
  6. 6Agrawal, A., & Yadama, G. N. (1997). How do Local Institutions Mediate Market and Population Pressures on Resources? Forest Panchayats in Kumaon, India. Development and Change, 28, 435465. DOI: 10.1111/1467-7660.00050
  7. 7Aida, T. (2019). Social capital as an instrument for common pool resource management: a case study of irrigation management in Sri Lanka. Oxford Economic Papers-New Series, 71(4), 952978. DOI: 10.1093/oep/gpy058
  8. 8Amirova, I., Petrick, M., & Djanibekov, N. (2019). Long- and short-term determinants of water user cooperation: Experimental evidence from Central Asia. World Development, 113, 1025. DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.08.014
  9. 9Anderies, J. M., Rodriguez, A. A., Janssen, M. A., & Cifdaloz, O. (2007). Panaceas, uncertainty, and the robust control framework in sustainability science. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104(39), 1519415199. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0702655104
  10. 10Araral, E. (2009). What Explains Collective Action in the Commons? Theory and Evidence from the Philippines. World Development, 37(3), 687697. DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.08.002
  11. 11Araral, E. (2014). Ostrom, Hardin and the commons: A critical appreciation and a revisionist view. Environmental Science & Policy, 36, 1123. DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2013.07.011
  12. 12Baggio, J. A., Barnett, A. J., Perez-Ibarra, I., Brady, U., Ratajczyk, E., Rollins, N., Rubiños, C., Shin, H. C., Yu, D. J., Aggarwal, R., Anderies, J. M., Janssen, M. A. (2016). Explaining success and failure in the commons: the configural nature of Ostrom’s institutional design principles. International Journal of the Commons, 10(2). DOI: 10.18352/ijc.634
  13. 13Baggio, J. A., Rollins, N. D., Pérez, I., & Janssen, M. A. (2015). Irrigation experiments in the lab: trust, environmental variability, and collective action. Ecology and Society, 20(4). DOI: 10.5751/ES-07772-200412
  14. 14Bahinipati, C. S., & Viswanathan, P. K. (2019). Can Micro-Irrigation Technologies Resolve India’s Groundwater Crisis? Reflections from Dark-Regions in Gujarat. International Journal of the Commons, 13(2), 848858. DOI: 10.5334/ijc.888
  15. 15Baker, J. M. (1997). Common property resource theory and the Kuhl irrigation systems of Himachal Pradesh, India. Human Organization, 56(2), 199208. DOI: 10.17730/humo.56.2.d876845088x463k7
  16. 16Baland, J. M., & Platteau, J. P. (1996). Halting degradation of natural resources: Is there a role for rural communities? Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press.
  17. 17Bardhan, P. (2000). Irrigation and cooperation: An empirical analysis of 48 irrigation communities in South India. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 48(4), 847865. DOI: 10.1086/452480
  18. 18Bassi, N., Rishi, P., & Choudhury, N. (2010). Institutional organizers and collective action: The case of water users’ associations in Gujarat, India. Water International, 35(1), 1833. DOI: 10.1080/02508060903515275
  19. 19Bastakoti, R. C., Shivakoti, G. P., & Lebel, L. (2010). Local irrigation management institutions mediate changes driven by external policy and market pressures in Nepal and Thailand. Environmental Management, 46(3), 411423. DOI: 10.1007/s00267-010-9544-9
  20. 20Bluemling, B., Pahl-Wostl, C., Yang, H., & Mosler, H. J. (2010). Implications of stakeholder constellations for the implementation of irrigation rules at jointly used wells cases from the North China Plain, China. Society and Natural Resources, 23(6), 557572. DOI: 10.1080/08941920903376998
  21. 21Chai, Y., & Schoon, M. (2016). Institutions and government efficiency: decentralized Irrigation management in China. International Journal of the Commons, 10(1). DOI: 10.18352/ijc.555
  22. 22Chai, Y., & Zeng, Y. (2018). Social capital, institutional change, and adaptive governance of the 50-year-old Wang hilltop pond irrigation system in Guangdong, China. International Journal of the Commons, 12(2), 191216. DOI: 10.18352/ijc.851
  23. 23Cifdaloz, O., Regmi, A., Anderies, J. M., & Rodriguez, A. A. (2010). Robustness, vulnerability, and adaptive capacity in small-scale socialecological systems: The Pumpa Irrigation System in Nepal. Ecology and Society, 15(3), 39. DOI: 10.5751/ES-03462-150339
  24. 24Cleaver, F. (2000). Moral Ecological Rationality, Institutions and the Management of Common Property Resources. Development & Change, 31(2), 361. DOI: 10.1111/1467-7660.00158
  25. 25Cleaver, F. (2012). Development through bricolage. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.
  26. 26Cody, K. (2019). The evolution of norms and their influence on performance among self-governing irrigation systems in the Southwestern United States. International Journal of the Commons, 13(1). DOI: 10.18352/ijc.910
  27. 27Cox, M., Arnold, G., & Tomás, S. V. (2010). A Review of Design Principles for Community-based Natural Resource Management. Ecology and Society, 15(4), 38. [online] URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol15/iss4/art38/. DOI: 10.5751/ES-03704-150438
  28. 28Cox, M., & Ross, J. M. (2011). Robustness and vulnerability of community irrigation systems: The case of the Taos valley acequias. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 61(3), 254266. DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2010.10.004
  29. 29Dayton-Johnson, J. (2000a). Determinants of collective action on the local commons: a model with evidence from Mexico. Journal of Development Economics, 62(1), 181208. DOI: 10.1016/S0304-3878(00)00080-8
  30. 30Dayton-Johnson, J. (2000b). Choosing rules to govern the commons: a model with evidence from Mexico. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 42(1), 1941. DOI: 10.1016/S0167-2681(00)00073-1
  31. 31Dayton-Johnson, J. (2003). Small-holders and water resources: A review essay on the economics of locally-managed irrigation. Oxford Development Studies, 31(3), 315340. DOI: 10.1080/1360081032000111724
  32. 32Dell’Angelo, J., McCord, P. F., Gower, D., Carpenter, S., Caylor, K. K., & Evans, T. P. (2016). Community Water Governance on Mount Kenya: An Assessment Based on Ostrom’s Design Principles of Natural Resource Management. Mountain Research and Development, 36(1), 102115. DOI: 10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-15-00040.1
  33. 33Dietz, T., Ostrom, E., & Stern, P. C. (2003). The struggle to govern the commons. Science, 302(5652), 19071912. DOI: 10.1126/science.1091015
  34. 34Dörre, A., & Goibnazarov, C. (2018). Small-scale irrigation self-governance in a Mountain Region of Tajikistan. Mountain Research and Development, 38(2), 104113. DOI: 10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-17-00085.1
  35. 35Finger, R., & Borer, A. (2013). Cooperative management of a traditional irrigation system in the swiss alps. Social Sciences, 2(1), 119. DOI: 10.3390/socsci2010001
  36. 36Frey, U. J., & Rusch, H. (2014). Modeling ecological success of common pool resource systems using large datasets. World Development, 59, 93103. DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.01.034
  37. 37Fu, R. H. Y., Abe, S. S., Wakatsuki, T., & Maruyama, M. (2010). Traditional farmer-managed irrigation system in central Nigeria. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly, 44(1), 5360. DOI: 10.6090/jarq.44.53
  38. 38Gibson, C. C., Ostrom, E., & Ahn, T. K. (2000). The concept of scale and the human dimensions of global change: a survey. Ecological Economics, 32(2), 217239. DOI: 10.1016/S0921-8009(99)00092-0
  39. 39Hamidov, A., Thiel, A., & Zikos, D. (2015). Institutional design in transformation: A comparative study of local irrigation governance in Uzbekistan. Environmental Science & Policy, 53, 175191. DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2015.06.012
  40. 40Hinkel, J., Bots, P. W. G., & Schlüter, M. (2014). Enhancing the Ostrom social-ecological system framework through formalization. Ecology and Society, 19(3). DOI: 10.5751/ES-06475-190351
  41. 41Hoogesteger, J. (2015). Normative Structures, Collaboration and Conflict in Irrigation: A Case Study of the Pillaro North Canal Irrigation System, Ecuadorian Highlands. International Journal of the Commons, 9. DOI: 10.18352/ijc.521
  42. 42Ireson, W. R. (1995). Village irrigation in Laos: Traditional patterns of common property resource management. Society and Natural Resources, 8(6), 541558. DOI: 10.1080/08941929509380943
  43. 43Johnson, C. (2004). Uncommon Ground: The ‘Poverty of History’ in Common Property Discourse. Development and Change, 35(3), 407433. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7660.2004.00359.x
  44. 44Kadirbeyoglu, Z., & Özertan, G. (2015). Power in the Governance of Common-Pool Resources: A comparative analysis of irrigation management decentralization in Turkey. Environmental Policy and Governance, 25(3), 157171. DOI: 10.1002/eet.1673
  45. 45Kolavalli, S., & Brewer, J. D. (1999). Facilitating user participation in irrigation management. Irrigation and Drainage Systems, 13(3), 249273. DOI: 10.1023/A:1006211725291
  46. 46Komakech, H. C., van der Zaag, P., & van Koppen, B. (2012). The dynamics between water asymmetry, inequality and heterogeneity sustaining canal institutions in the Makanya catchment, Tanzania. Water Policy, 14(5), 800820. DOI: 10.2166/wp.2012.196
  47. 47Kurian, M., & Dietz, T. (2004). Irrigation and collective action: A study in method with reference to the Shiwalik Hills, Haryana. Natural Resources Forum, 28(1), 3449. DOI: 10.1111/j.0165-0203.2004.00070.x
  48. 48Lam, W. F. (2001). Coping with Change: A Study of Local Irrigation Institutions in Taiwan. World Development, 29(9), 15691592. DOI: 10.1016/S0305-750X(01)00052-3
  49. 49Lam, W. F., & Chiu, C. Y. (2016). Institutional nesting and robustness of self-governance: the adaptation of irrigation systems in Taiwan. International Journal of the Commons, 10(2), 953981. DOI: 10.18352/ijc.638
  50. 50Lam, W. F., & Ostrom, E. (2010). Analyzing the dynamic complexity of development interventions: lessons from an irrigation experiment in Nepal. Policy Sciences, 43(1), 125. DOI: 10.1007/s11077-009-9082-6
  51. 51Leathes, W., Knox, J. W., Kay, M. G., Trawick, P., & Rodriguez-Diaz, J. A. (2008). Developing UK farmers’ institutional capacity to defend their water rights and effectively manage limited water resources. Irrigation and Drainage, 57(3), 322331. DOI: 10.1002/ird.436
  52. 52Levin, S., Xepapadeas, T., Crépin, A.-S., Norberg, J., de Zeeuw, A., Folke, C., Hughes, T., Arrow, K., Barrett, S., Daily, G., Ehrlich, P., Kautsky, N., Mäler, K.-G., Polasky, S., Troell, M., Vincent, J. R., & Walker, B. (2013). Social-ecological systems as complex adaptive systems: modeling and policy implications. Environment and Development Economics, 18(2), 111132. DOI: 10.1017/S1355770X12000460
  53. 53Luo, F., Tian, M., & Sun, C. (2019). Analysis of the correlation between group heterogeneity and the self-governance performance of small-scale water conservancy facilities: based on the threshold model of the number of water user households. Irrigation and Drainage, 68(4), 690701. DOI: 10.1002/ird.2368
  54. 54McCord, P., Dell’angelo, J., Gower, D., Caylor, K. K., & Evans, T. (2017). Household-level heterogeneity of water resources within common-pool resource systems. Ecology and Society, 22(1). DOI: 10.5751/ES-09156-220148
  55. 55McGinnis, M. D., & Ostrom, E. (2014). Social-ecological system framework: initial changes and continuing challenges. Ecology and Society, 19(2). DOI: 10.5751/ES-06387-190230
  56. 56Meinzen-Dick, R. (2007). Beyond Panaceas in Water Institutions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104(39), 1520015205. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0702296104
  57. 57Meinzen-Dick, R., Raju, K. V., & Gulati, A. (2002). What Affects Organization and Collective Action for Managing Resources? Evidence from Canal Irrigation Systems in India. World Development, 30(4), 649666. DOI: 10.1016/S0305-750X(01)00130-9
  58. 58Mosse, D. (1997). The symbolic making of a common property resource: History, ecology and locality in a tank-irrigated landscape in South India. Development and Change, 28(3), 467504. DOI: 10.1111/1467-7660.00051
  59. 59Nagrah, A., Chaudhry, A. M., & Giordano, M. (2016). Collective Action in Decentralized Irrigation Systems: Evidence from Pakistan. World Development, 84, 282298. DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.02.003
  60. 60Niranjan, P. (1998). Indigenous Irrigation in South Bihar: A Case of Congruence of Boundaries. Economic and Political Weekly, 33(49), 31323138.
  61. 61Norman, W. R. (1997). Indigenous community-managed irrigation in Sahelian West Africa. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 61(2), 8395. DOI: 10.1016/S0167-8809(96)01112-7
  62. 62Ostrom, E. (1990). Governing the commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511807763
  63. 63Ostrom, E. (1992). Crafting Institutions for Self-Governing Irrigation System. Institute for Contemporary Studies Press, San Francisco, CA.
  64. 64Ostrom, E. (2005). Understanding Institutional Diversity. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
  65. 65Ostrom, E. (2007). A diagnostic approach for going beyond panaceas. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104(39), 1518115187. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0702288104
  66. 66Ostrom, E. (2009). A general framework for analyzing sustainability of social-ecological systems. Science, 325(5939), 419422. DOI: 10.1126/science.1172133
  67. 67Ostrom, E., & Gardner, R. (1993). Coping with Asymmetries in the Commons: Self-Governing Irrigation Systems Can Work. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 7(4), 93112. DOI: 10.1257/jep.7.4.93
  68. 68Ostrom, E., Janssen, M. A., & Anderies, J. M. (2007). Going beyond panaceas. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104(39), 1517615178. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0701886104
  69. 69Özerol, G. l. (2013). Institutions of farmer participation and environmental sustainability: a multi-level analysis from irrigation management in Harran Plain, Turkey. International Journal of the Commons, 7(1), 7391. DOI: 10.18352/ijc.368
  70. 70Pagdee, A., Kim, Y. S., & Daugherty, P. J. (2006). What Makes Community Forest Management Successful: A Meta-Study From Community Forests Throughout the World. Society & Natural Resources, 19(1), 3352. DOI: 10.1080/08941920500323260
  71. 71Partelow, S. (2018). A review of the social-ecological systems framework: applications, methods, modifications, and challenges. Ecology and Society, 23(4). DOI: 10.5751/ES-10594-230436
  72. 72Pérez, I., Janssen, M. A., Tenza, A., Giménez, A., Pedreño, A., & Giménez, M. (2011). Resource intruders and robustness of social-ecological systems: an irrigation system of Southeast Spain, a case study. International Journal of the Commons, 5(2), 410432. DOI: 10.18352/ijc.278
  73. 73Petticrew, M., & Roberts, H. (2006). Systematic Reviews in the Social Sciences: A Practical Guide. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK.
  74. 74Poteete, A. R., & Ostrom, E. (2008). Fifteen Years of Empirical Research on Collective Action in Natural Resource Management: Struggling to Build Large-N Databases Based on Qualitative Research. World Development, 36(1), 176195. DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2007.02.012
  75. 75Potkanski, T., & Adams, W. M. (1998). Water scarcity, property regimes and irrigation management in Sonjo, Tanzania. Journal of Development Studies, 34(4), 86116. DOI: 10.1080/00220389808422530
  76. 76Pretty, J., & Ward, H. (2001). Social Capital and the Environment. World Development, 29(2), 209227. DOI: 10.1016/S0305-750X(00)00098-X
  77. 77Rap, E. R., & Wester, P. (2013). The practices and politics of making policy: Irrigation management transfer in Mexico. Water Alternatives, 6(3), 506531.
  78. 78Ruttan, L. M. (2006). Sociocultural heterogeneity and the commons. Current Anthropology, 47(5), 843853. DOI: 10.1086/507185
  79. 79Ruttan, L. M. (2008). Economic Heterogeneity and the Commons: Effects on Collective Action and Collective Goods Provisioning. World Development, 36(5), 969985. DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2007.05.005
  80. 80Sarker, A., & Itoh, T. (2001). Design principles in long-enduring institutions of Japanese irrigation common-pool resources. Agricultural Water Management, 48(2), 89102. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-3774(00)00125-6
  81. 81Sarker, A., & Itoh, T. (2003). The Nature of the Governance of Japanese Irrigation Common-Pool Resources. Society & Natural Resources, 16(2), 159172. DOI: 10.1080/08941920309200
  82. 82Schlager, E., Blomquist, W., & Tang, S. Y. (1994). Mobile flows, storage, and self-organized institutions for governing common-pool resources. Land Economics, 70(3), 294317. DOI: 10.2307/3146531
  83. 83Schlüter, M., Hinkel, J., Bots, P. W. G., & Arlinghaus, R. (2014). Application of the SES Framework for Model-based Analysis of the Dynamics of Social-Ecological Systems. Ecology and Society, 19(1). DOI: 10.5751/ES-05782-190136
  84. 84Scott, J. C. (1976). The Moral Economy of the Peasant: Rebellion and Subsistence in Southeast Asia. Yale University Press, London, UK.
  85. 85Sijbrandij, P., & Van Der Zaag, P. (1993). Canal maintenance: a key to restructuring irrigation management – A case of farmer participation and turnover from Mexico. Irrigation and Drainage Systems, 7(3), 189204. DOI: 10.1007/BF00881279
  86. 86Singh, A. K., & Narain, V. (2019). Fluid Institutions: Commons in Transition in the Periurban Interface. Society & Natural Resources, 32(5), 606615. DOI: 10.1080/08941920.2018.1559380
  87. 87Takayama, T., Matsuda, H., & Nakatani, T. (2018). The determinants of collective action in irrigation management systems: Evidence from rural communities in Japan. Agricultural Water Management, 206, 113123. DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2018.04.031
  88. 88Tang, S. Y. (1991). Institutional Arrangements and the Management of Common-Pool Resources. Public Administration Review, 51(1), 4251. DOI: 10.2307/976635
  89. 89Thapa, B., & Scott, C. A. (2019). Institutional Strategies for Adaptation to Water Stress in Farmer-Managed Irrigation Systems of Nepal. International Journal of the Commons, 13(2), 892907. DOI: 10.5334/ijc.901
  90. 90Theesfeld, I. (2004). Constraints on Collective Action in a Transitional Economy: The Case of Bulgaria’ s Irrigation Sector. World Development, 32(2), 251271. DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2003.11.001
  91. 91Trawick, P. (2001). Successfully Governing the Commons: Principles of Social Organization in an Andean Irrigation System. Human Ecology, 29. DOI: 10.1023/A:1007199304395
  92. 92Trawick, P. (2002). Comedy and Tragedy in the Andean Commons. Journal of Political Ecology. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10535/2705.
  93. 93Uphoff, N., & Wijayaratna, C. M. (2000). Demonstrated Benefits from Social Capital: The Productivity of Farmer Organizations in Gal Oya, Sri Lanka. World Development, 28(11), 18751890. DOI: 10.1016/S0305-750X(00)00063-2
  94. 94Vandersypen, K., Keita, A. C. T., Coulibaly, Y., Raes, D., & Jamin, J. Y. (2007). Formal and informal decision making on water management at the village level: A case study from the Office du Niger irrigation scheme (Mali). Water Resources Research, 43(6). DOI: 10.1029/2006WR005132
  95. 95Villamayor-Tomas, S. (2014). Cooperation in common property regimes under extreme drought conditions: Empirical evidence from the use of pooled transferable quotas in Spanish irrigation systems. Ecological Economics, 107, 482493. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2014.09.005
  96. 96Vineetha, M., Antonyto, P., & Nair, K. N. (2005). Dynamics of Irrigation Institutions: Case Study of a Village Panchayat in Kerala. Economic and Political Weekly, 40(9), 893904.
  97. 97Wade, R. (1988). Village Republics: Economic Conditions for Collective Action in South India. ICS press, Oakland, CA.
  98. 98Wang, R. Y., Liu, T., & Dang, H. (2018). Bridging critical institutionalism and fragmented authoritarianism in China: An analysis of centralized water policies and their local implementation in semi-arid irrigation districts. Regulation & Governance. DOI: 10.1111/rego.12198
  99. 99Wang, Y., & Wu, J. (2018). An Empirical Examination on the Role of Water User Associations for Irrigation Management in Rural China. Water Resources Research. DOI: 10.1029/2017WR021837
  100. 100Yercan, M., Atis, E., & Salali, H. E. (2009). Assessing irrigation performance in the Gediz River Basin of Turkey: Water user associations versus cooperatives. Irrigation Science, 27(4), 263270. DOI: 10.1007/s00271-008-0142-z
  101. 101Young, O. R. (2002). The Institutional Dimensions of Environmental Change: Fit, Interplay, and Scale. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/3807.001.0001
  102. 102Yu, H. H., Edmunds, M., Lora-Wainwright, A., & Thomas, D. (2016). Governance of the irrigation commons under integrated water resources management – A comparative study in contemporary rural China. Environmental Science & Policy, 55, 6574. DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2015.08.001
  103. 103Zang, L., Araral, E., & Wang, Y. (2019). Effects of land fragmentation on the governance of the commons: Theory and evidence from 284 villages and 17 provinces in China. Land Use Policy, 82, 518527. DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.12.042
  104. 104Zhou, Q. (2013). Decentralized irrigation in China: An institutional analysis. Policy and Society, 32(1), 7788. DOI: 10.1016/j.polsoc.2013.02.003
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/ijc.1108 | Journal eISSN: 1875-0281
Language: English
Submitted on: Feb 9, 2021
Accepted on: Jul 20, 2021
Published on: Sep 17, 2021
Published by: Ubiquity Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2021 Raymond Yu Wang, Tipeng Chen, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.