References
- 1Feigin VL, Forouzanfar MH, Krishnamurthi R, et al. Global and regional burden of stroke during 1990–2010: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2014; 383(9913): 245–54. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61953-4
- 2Feigin VL, Lawes CM, Bennett DA, Barker-Collo SL, Parag V. Worldwide stroke incidence and early case fatality reported in 56 population-based studies: A systematic review. Lancet Neurol. 2009; 8(4): 355–69. DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70025-0
- 3Department of Statistics Malaysia. Statistics on Causes of Death Malaysia 2020.
https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column/cthemeByCat&cat=401&bul_id=QTU5T0dKQ1g4MHYxd3ZpMzhEMzdRdz09&menu_id=L0pheU43NWJwRWVSZklWdzQ4TlhUUT09 (accessed 1 March 2021). - 4Hwong WY, Bots ML, Selvarajah S, et al. Sex differences in stroke metrics among Southeast Asian countries: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Int J Stroke. 2019: 14: 826–834. DOI: 10.1177/1747493019832995
- 5Neelamegam M, Looi I, Cheah WK, Narayanan P, Hamid AM, Ong LM. Stroke incidence in the South West District of the Penang Island, Malaysia: PEARLs: Penang Acute Stroke Research Longitudinal Study. Prev Med. 2013; 57 Suppl: S77–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.12.022
- 6Chen XW, Shafei MN, Aziz ZA, Sidek NN, Musa KI. Trends in stroke outcomes at hospital discharge in first-ever stroke patients: Observations from the Malaysia National Stroke Registry (2009–2017). J Neurol Sci. 2019; 401: 130–135. DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.04.015
- 7Jaya F, Win MN, Abdullah MR, Abdullah MR, Abdullah JM. Stroke patterns in Northeast Malaysia: A hospital-based prospective study. Neuroepidemiology. 2002; 21(1): 28–35. DOI: 10.1159/000048611
- 8Ong TZ, Raymond AA. Risk factors for stroke and predictors of one-month mortality. Singapore Med J. 2002; 43(10): 517–21.
- 9Harron K, Dibben C, Boyd J, et al. Challenges in administrative data linkage for research. Big Data Soc. 2017; 4(2):
2053951717745678 . DOI: 10.1177/2053951717745678 - 10Shamsuddin K, Lieberman E. Linking death reports from the Malaysian Family Life Survey-2 with birth and death certificates. Med J Malaysia. 1998; 53(4): 343–53.
- 11Sacco RL, Kasner SE, Broderick JP, et al. An updated definition of stroke for the 21st century: A statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2013; 44(7): 2064–89. DOI: 10.1161/STR.0b013e318296aeca
- 12Easton JD, Saver JL, Albers GW, et al. Definition and evaluation of transient ischemic attack: A scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council; Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia; Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention; Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; and the Interdisciplinary Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease. The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this statement as an educational tool for neurologists. Stroke. 2009; 40(6): 2276–93. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.192218
- 13Dusetzina SB, Tyree S, Meyer AM, Meyer A, Green L, Carpenter WR. AHRQ Methods for Effective Health Care. Linking Data for Health Services Research: A Framework and Instructional Guide. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2014.
- 14Vaartjes I, Reitsma JB, de Bruin A, et al. Nationwide incidence of first stroke and TIA in the Netherlands. Eur J Neurol. 2008; 15(12): 1315–23. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2008.02309.x
- 15Ahmad OB, Boschi-Pinto C, Lopez AD, Murray CJL, Lozano R, Inoue M. Age Standardization of Rates: A new WHO standard. 2001.
- 16R Core Team.
R: A language and environment for statistical computing . Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. 2018. - 17GBD 2016 Stroke Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of stroke, 1990–2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Neurol. 2019; 18(5): 439–58. DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30034-1
- 18Koton S, Schneider AL, Rosamond WD, et al. Stroke incidence and mortality trends in US communities, 1987 to 2011. Jama. 2014; 312(3): 259–68. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2014.7692
- 19Aked J, Delavaran H, Norrving B, Lindgren A. Temporal Trends of Stroke Epidemiology in Southern Sweden: A Population-Based Study on Stroke Incidence and Early Case-Fatality. Neuroepidemiology. 2018; 50(3–4): 174–82. DOI: 10.1159/000487948
- 20Vaartjes I, O’Flaherty M, Capewell S, Kappelle J, Bots M. Remarkable decline in ischemic stroke mortality is not matched by changes in incidence. Stroke. 2013; 44(3): 591–7. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.677724
- 21National Registry of Diseases Office. October 2018. Singapore Stroke Registry Annual Report 2016.
- 22Kim JY, Kang K, Kang J, et al. Executive Summary of Stroke Statistics in Korea 2018: A Report from the Epidemiology Research Council of the Korean Stroke Society. J Stroke. 2019; 21(1): 42–59. DOI: 10.5853/jos.2018.03125
- 23Tibaek M, Dehlendorff C, Jorgensen HS, Forchhammer HB, Johnsen SP, Kammersgaard LP. Increasing Incidence of Hospitalization for Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack in Young Adults: A Registry-Based Study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016; 5(5). DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.115.003158
- 24Ab Majid NL, Omar MA, Khoo YY, et al. Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in the Malaysian population: Findings from the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2006–2015. J Hum Hypertens. 2018; 32(8–9): 617–24. DOI: 10.1038/s41371-018-0082-x
- 25Ahmad MH, Nishi N, Mohd Yusoff MF, Aris T. Cardiovascular Disease Risk and its Association with Body Mass Index in Malaysians Based on the World Health Organization/International Society of Hypertension Risk Prediction Chart. Health Science Journal. 2018; 12(1): 550. DOI: 10.21767/1791-809X.1000550
- 26Institute for Public Health 2015. National Health and Morbidity Survey 2015. Vol II: Non-Communicable Diseases, Risk Factors and Other Health Problems. 2015.
- 27Fang MC, Coca Perraillon M, Ghosh K, Cutler DM, Rosen AB. Trends in stroke rates, risk, and outcomes in the United States, 1988 to 2008. Am J Med. 2014; 127(7): 608–15. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.03.017
- 28Lackland DT, Roccella EJ, Deutsch AF, et al. Factors influencing the decline in stroke mortality: A statement from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2014; 45(1): 315–53. DOI: 10.1161/01.str.0000437068.30550.cf
- 29Law WC. Transforming Stroke Care: the Sarawak’s Experience. Discover! Malaysia’s Stroke Care Revolution – Special Edition. 2019.
- 30Sarawak General Hospital Stroke Data. Outcome of stroke care delivery with SGH acute stroke unit: a pilot study. 2018 (unpublished data).
- 31Ministry of Health Malaysia. Health Facts 2017. Contract No.: MOH/S/RAN/47.17(AR).
- 32Usher-Smith JA, Silarova B, Schuit E, Moons KG, Griffin SJ. Impact of provision of cardiovascular disease risk estimates to healthcare professionals and patients: A systematic review. BMJ Open. 2015; 5(10):
e008717 . DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008717