References
- 1 Benjamin EJ, Virani SS, Callaway CW, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics – 2018 update. A report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2018; 137: e67–e492. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000573
- 2 Hajar R. Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease: Historical Perspectives. Heart Views. 2017; 18(3): 109–114. DOI: 10.4103/HEARTVIEWS.HEARTVIEWS_106_17
- 3 Grundy SM. Cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors: How can we improve outcomes in the high-risk patient? Am J Med. 2007; 120(9 Suppl 1): S3–8; discussion S9. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2007.06.005
- 4 Kulik A, Brookhart M, Levin R, Ruel M, Solomon D, Choudhry N. Impact of statin use on outcomes after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Circulation. 2008; 118(18): 1785–1792. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.799445
- 5 Fitzgibbon G, Kafka H, Leach A, Keon W, Hooper G, Burton J. Coronary bypass graft fate and patient outcome: Angiographic follow-up of 5,065 grafts related to survival and reoperation in 1,388 patients during 25 years. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 1996; 28(3): 616–626. DOI: 10.1016/0735-1097(96)00206-9
- 6 Zafrir B, Saliba W, Jaffe R, et al. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2019; 26(4): 401–408. DOI: 10.1177/2047487318812962
- 7 Sousa-Uva M, Head S, Milojevic M, et al. 2017 EACTS Guidelines on perioperative medication in adult cardiac surgery. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2017; 53(1): 5–33. DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezx314
- 8 Stone NJ, Robinson JG, Lichtenstein AH, et al. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2014; 63(25 Part B): 2889–2934.
- 9 Maddox T, Borden W, Tang F, et al. Implications of the 2013 ACC/AHA Cholesterol Guidelines for Adults in Contemporary Cardiovascular Practice. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2014; 64(21): 2183–2192. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.08.041
- 10 Jellinger PS, Handelsman Y, Rosenblit PD, et al. American association of clinical endocrinologists and american college of endocrinology guidelines for the management of dyslipidemia and prevention of cardiovascular disease – executive summary. Endocr Pract. 2017; 23(4): 479–497. DOI: 10.4158/EP171764.GL
- 11 Schwartz GG, Steg PG, Szarek M, et al. Alirocumab and cardiovascular outcomes after acute coronary syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2018 Nov 29; 379(22): 2097–2107.
- 12 Grundy SM, Stone NJ, Bailey AL, et al. 2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/ PCNA Guideline on the management of blood cholesterol: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018; 25709. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc2018.11.003
- 13 Ray KK, Cannon CP. The potential relevance of the multiple lipid-independent (pleiotropic) effects of statins in the management of acute coronary syndromes. J AM Coll Cardiol. 2005; 46: 1425–33. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.05.086
- 14 Turner T, Stein E. Non-statin Treatments for Managing LDL Cholesterol and Their Outcomes. Clinical Therapeutics. 2015; 37(12): 2751–2769. DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2015.09.004
- 15 Sabatine MS, Giugliano RP, Keech AC, et al. Evolocumab and clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med. 2017 May 4; 376(18): 1713–1722. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1615664
- 16 Cannon C, Khan I, Klimchak A, et al. Simulation of impact on cardiovascular events due to lipid-lowering therapy intensification in a population with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. American Heart Journal. 2019 Oct; 216: 30–41. DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2019.06.005
- 17 Ramahi TM. Cardiovascular disease in the Asia Middle East region: Global trends and local implications. Asia Pac J Public Health. 2010; 22(3 Suppl): 83S–89S. DOI: 10.1177/1010539510373034
- 18 AlHabib KF, Sulaima K, Al-Motarreb A, et al. Baseline characteristics, management practices, and long-term outcomes of Middle Eastern patients in the Second Gulf Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GULF RACE-2). Ann Saudi Med. 2012; 32(2): 9–18. DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2012.9
- 19 Perez de Isla L, Alonso R, Watts G, et al. Attainment of LDL-cholesterol treatment goals in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2016; 67(11): 1278–1285. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.01.008
- 20 Goodman SG, Huang W, Yan AT, et al. The expanded Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events: Baseline characteristics, management practices, and hospital outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndromes. Am Heart J. 2009; 158: 193–201. DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2009.06.003
- 21 Al-Rasadi K, Al-Zakwani I, Al Mahmeed W, et al. Therapeutic lipid target achievements among high and highest risk patients: Results from the CEPHEUS study in the Arabian Gulf. Curr Med Res Opin. 2014; 30(12): 2429–35. DOI: 10.1185/03007995.2014.965774
- 22 Gitt AK, Lautsch D, Ferrieres J, et al. Contemporary data on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol target value attainment and distance to target in a cohort of 57,885 statin-treated patients by country and region across the world. Data Brief. 2016 Sep 29; 9: 616–620. eCollection 2016 Dec. DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2016.09.037
- 23 Danchin N, Almahmeed W, Al-Rasadi K, et al. Achievement of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goals in 18 countries outside Western Europe: The International Cholesterol management Practice Study (ICLPS). Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2018; 25(10): 1087–1094. DOI: 10.1177/2047487318777079
- 24 Quin JA, Hattler B, Bishawi M, et al. Impact of lipid-lowering medications and low-density lipoprotein levels on 1-year clinical outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting. Journal of the American College of Surgeons. 2013 Sep 1; 217(3): 452–60. DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2013.04.030
- 25 Zafrir B, Saliba W, Jaffe R, Sliman H, Flugelman MY, Sharoni E. Attainment of lipid goals and long-term mortality after coronary-artery bypass surgery. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. 2019 Mar 1. DOI: 10.1177/2047487318812962
- 26 Vavlukis M, Vavlukis A. Adding ezetimibe to statin therapy: Latest evidence and clinical implications. Drugs in Context. 2018; 7. DOI: 10.7573/dic.212534
- 27 Mach F, Baigent C, Catapano AL, et al. ESC Scientific Document Group. 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: Lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. Eur Heart J. 2019. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz455
