Table 1
Distribution of clinical characteristics and QoL of patients with heart failure.
| TOTAL | |
|---|---|
| Total (N) | 320 |
| Gender | |
| Male | 257 (80.3%) |
| Female | 63 (19.7%) |
| Mean Age (years) | 54.9 ± 12.7 |
| ≤50 years | 109 (34.1%) |
| 51 to 70 years | 186 (58.1%) |
| >70 years | 25 (7.8%) |
| Median months since heart failure | 24 (12–60) |
| 1 year or less | 104 (32.5%) |
| 1 to 3 years | 101 (31.6%) |
| More than 3 years | 115 (35.9%) |
| Comorbid conditions | |
| Diabetics | 141 (44.1%) |
| Hypertensive | 206 (64.4%) |
| Dyslipidemia | 116 (36.3%) |
| Smokers | 111 (34.7%) |
| Heart failure medication adherence status | |
| Adherent | 184 (57.5%) |
| Non-adherent | 136 (42.5%) |
| Median Physical Limitation Score | 50 (25–75) |
| Very Poor (<25) | 51 (15.9%) |
| Poor (25 to <50) | 80 (25%) |
| Moderate (50 to <75) | 94 (29.4%) |
| Good (>75) | 95 (29.7%) |
| Median Symptom Frequency Score | 63 (38–92) |
| Very Poor (<25) | 37 (11.6%) |
| Poor (25 to <50) | 73 (22.8%) |
| Moderate (50 to <75) | 76 (23.8%) |
| Good (>75) | 134 (41.9%) |
| Median Quality of Life Score | 50 (25–75) |
| Very Poor (<25) | 55 (17.2%) |
| Poor (25 to <50) | 67 (20.9%) |
| Moderate (50 to <75) | 92 (28.8%) |
| Good (>75) | 106 (33.1%) |
| Median Social Limitation Score | 42 (17–75) |
| Very Poor (<25) | 80 (25%) |
| Poor (25 to <50) | 78 (24.4%) |
| Moderate (50 to <75) | 68 (21.3%) |
| Good (>75) | 94 (29.4%) |
| Median Overall Summary score | 50.5 (32–75) |
| Very Poor (<25) | 57 (17.8%) |
| Poor (25 to <50) | 99 (30.9%) |
| Moderate (50 to <75) | 83 (25.9%) |
| Good (>75) | 81 (25.3%) |
Table 2
Association of clinical characteristics and QoL of patients living with heart failure.
| TOTAL | SUMMARY SCORE | P-VALUE | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| POOR (<50) | GOOD (≥50) | |||
| Total (N) | 320 | 156 | 164 | – |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 257 | 119 (46.3%) | 138 (53.7%) | 0.077 |
| Female | 63 | 37 (58.7%) | 26 (41.3%) | |
| Mean Age (years) | 54.9 ± 12.7 | 56.9 ± 13.2 | 53 ± 11.9 | 0.006 |
| ≤50 years | 109 | 46 (42.2%) | 63 (57.8%) | 0.026 |
| 51 to 70 years | 186 | 92 (49.5%) | 94 (50.5%) | |
| >70 years | 25 | 18 (72%) | 7 (28%) | |
| Median months since heart failure | 24 (12–60) | 30 (10–60) | 24 (12–48) | 0.903 |
| 1 year or less | 104 | 53 (51%) | 51 (49%) | 0.319 |
| 1 to 3 years | 101 | 43 (42.6%) | 58 (57.4%) | |
| More than 3 years | 115 | 60 (52.2%) | 55 (47.8%) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | ||||
| Non-diabetics | 179 | 71 (39.7%) | 108 (60.3%) | <0.001 |
| Diabetics | 141 | 85 (60.3%) | 56 (39.7%) | |
| Hypertension | ||||
| Non-hypertensive | 114 | 63 (55.3%) | 51 (44.7%) | 0.083 |
| Hypertensive | 206 | 93 (45.1%) | 113 (54.9%) | |
| Dyslipidemia | ||||
| Non-dyslipidemia | 204 | 108 (52.9%) | 96 (47.1%) | 0.047 |
| Dyslipidemia | 116 | 48 (41.4%) | 68 (58.6%) | |
| Smoking | ||||
| Non-smokers | 209 | 104 (49.8%) | 105 (50.2%) | 0.620 |
| Smokers | 111 | 52 (46.8%) | 59 (53.2%) | |
| Heart failure medication adherence status | ||||
| Adherent | 184 | 78 (42.4%) | 106 (57.6%) | 0.008 |
| Non-adherent | 136 | 78 (57.4%) | 58 (42.6%) | |
Table 3
Multi-variable binary logistic regression analysis for poor QoL of patients living with heart failure.
| CHARACTERISTICS | INITIAL SOLUTION | FINAL SOLUTION | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR [95% CI] | P-VALUE | OR [95% CI] | P-VALUE | |
| Female | 1.78 [0.95–3.36] | 0.074 | 1.75 [0.96–3.17] | 0.066 |
| Age (years) | ||||
| ≤50 years (reference) | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| 51 to 70 years | 1.1 [0.64–1.88] | 0.740 | 1.09 [0.64–1.86] | 0.746 |
| >70 years | 2.75 [1–7.56] | 0.050 | 2.93 [1.06–8.06] | 0.037 |
| Months since heart failure | ||||
| 1 year or less (reference) | 1 | – | – | – |
| 1 to 3 years | 0.61 [0.33–1.11] | 0.107 | – | – |
| More than 3 years | 0.89 [0.5–1.58] | 0.689 | – | – |
| Diabetes mellitus | 2.86 [1.7–4.8] | <0.001 | 2.76 [1.66–4.61] | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 0.54 [0.32–0.9] | 0.018 | 0.53 [0.32–0.89] | 0.015 |
| Dyslipidemia | 0.61 [0.37–1.02] | 0.057 | 0.64 [0.39–1.05] | 0.077 |
| Smoking | 0.89 [0.53–1.51] | 0.672 | – | – |
| Non-adherence to HF medications | 1.72 [1.06–2.78] | 0.028 | 1.72 [1.07–2.77] | 0.026 |