Figure 1
Variables that influence a greater probability of not receiving each of the vaccines.
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of the sample.
| INFLUENZA VACCINE | PNEUMOCOCCUS | SARS CoV-2 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | N | % | ||
| Vaccinated | 15,871 | 74.2% | 7,657 | 35.8% | 20,726 | 96.9% | |
| Gender | Female | 6,943 | 63.8% | 4,751 | 62.2% | 12,686 | 61.2% |
| Male | 3,946 | 36.2% | 2,882 | 37.8% | 8,049 | 38.8% | |
| Region | North America | 822 | 7.5% | 492 | 6.4% | 1,115 | 5.4% |
| Andean | 3,756 | 34.4% | 2,611 | 34.1% | 7,231 | 34.8% | |
| Brazil | 740 | 6.8% | 320 | 4.2% | 1,092 | 5.3% | |
| Caribbean | 1,081 | 9.9% | 909 | 11.9% | 3,324 | 16.0% | |
| Central America | 2,223 | 20.4% | 1,818 | 23.8% | 4,358 | 21.0% | |
| South Cone | 2,284 | 20.9% | 1,498 | 19.6% | 3,645 | 17.6% | |
| Job position | Retired | 2,820 | 25.9% | 2,056 | 26.9% | 5,231 | 25.2% |
| Formal worker | 5,503 | 50.5% | 3,724 | 48.7% | 9,946 | 47.9% | |
| Informal worker | 2,583 | 23.7% | 1,868 | 24.4% | 5,588 | 26.9% | |
| Residence | Rural | 1,055 | 9.7% | 753 | 9.8% | 1,885 | 9.1% |
| >500,000 inhabitants | 3,956 | 36.3% | 2,736 | 35.8% | 7,299 | 35.2% | |
| 100,000 to 500,000 inhabitants | 1,886 | 17.3% | 1,360 | 17.8% | 3,522 | 17.0% | |
| <100,000 inhabitants | 1,693 | 15.5% | 1,144 | 15.0% | 3,110 | 15.0% | |
| Education level | None | 62 | 0.6% | 42 | 0.5% | 105 | 0.5% |
| Primary school | 401 | 3.7% | 236 | 3.1% | 927 | 4.5% | |
| College | 1,573 | 14.4% | 1,087 | 14.2% | 3,617 | 17.4% | |
| University/Technician | 8,870 | 95.8% | 6,283 | 96.4% | 16,116 | 4.9% | |
| Income (US dollars) | <499 | 2,777 | 25.5% | 2,270 | 29.7% | 6,173 | 29.7% |
| 500–999 | 2,335 | 21.4% | 1,542 | 20.2% | 4,338 | 20.9% | |
| 1,000–1,499 | 1,831 | 16.8% | 1,095 | 14.3% | 3,158 | 15.2% | |
| 1,500–1,999 | 1,044 | 9.6% | 755 | 9.9% | 1,833 | 8.8% | |
| 2,000–2,499 | 843 | 7.7% | 575 | 7.5% | 1,453 | 7.0% | |
| 2,500–2,999 | 612 | 5.6% | 424 | 5.5% | 1,060 | 5.1% | |
| >3000 | 1,464 | 13.4% | 987 | 12.9% | 2,750 | 13.2% | |
| Age | <20 | 264 | 2.4% | 300 | 3.9% | 851 | 4.1% |
| >80 | 217 | 2.0% | 143 | 1.9% | 376 | 1.8% | |
| 21–30 | 2,184 | 20.0% | 1,809 | 23.7% | 4,012 | 19.3% | |
| 31–40 | 2,168 | 19.9% | 1,463 | 19.1% | 3,803 | 18.3% | |
| 41–50 | 1,893 | 17.4% | 1,177 | 15.4% | 3,735 | 18.0% | |
| 51–60 | 1,828 | 16.8% | 1,120 | 14.6% | 3,829 | 18.4% | |
| 61–70 | 1,645 | 15.1% | 1,094 | 14.3% | 2,953 | 14.2% | |
| 71–80 | 707 | 6.5% | 542 | 7.1% | 1,206 | 5.8% | |
| >80 | 217 | 2.0% | 143 | 1.9% | 376 | 1.8% | |
| Hypertension | 2,915 | 26.7% | 1,905 | 24.9% | 5,442 | 26.2% | |
| Obesity | 2,447 | 22.4% | 1,607 | 21.0% | 4,050 | 19.5% | |
| COPD | 387 | 3.5% | 325 | 4.2% | 601 | 2.9% | |
| Dyslipidemia | 1,649 | 15.1% | 1,049 | 13.7% | 2,907 | 14.0% | |
Figure 2
Forest Plot—Factors associated with influenza vaccination.
Figure 3
Forest Plot—Factors associated with pneumococcal vaccination.
Figure 4
Forest Plot—Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination.
Table 1
Description of the questions included in the survey.
| QUESTIONS | POSSIBLE RESPONSES |
|---|---|
| Region | 1. North, Central America and the Caribbean 2. Andean 3. Southern Cone |
| Age | |
| Gender | 1. Female 2. Male 3. Transgender 4. Other |
| What perception do you have of your state of health? | Scale of 1–10 (Unhealthy to Very healthy) |
| Number of inhabitants city/town of residence | 1. <10,000 population 2. 10,000–100,000 population 3. 100,000–500,000 population 4. >500,000 population 5. Don’t know |
| Marital relationship | 1. Married 2. Divorced 3. Single 4. United to 5. Widower 6. None of the above |
| Work relationship | 7. Dependent asset 8. Independent asset 9. Retired/Pensioned/Retired 10. Independent worker 11. Irregular worker 12. None of the above |
| Education level | 13. None 14. Primary 15. Secondary 16. University 17. Master’s degree |
| If you are a professional, could you describe your occupation? | 18. Lawyer 19. Business Administration 20. Architect 21. Engineer 22. Entrepreneur 23. Finance 24. Doctor 25. Marketing/Advertising 26. Business 27. Health area personnel 28. Others |
| Economic income in US dollars per month | 1. <499 2. 500–999 3. 1000–1499 4. 1500–1999 5. 2000–2499 6. 2500–2999 7. >3000 |
| Access to health services | 1. Private with direct payment 2. Private with medical insurance 3. Social Security 4. Public Health Service 5. None |
| What Chronic Diseases do you have? | 1. Cancer 2. Mellitus diabetes 3. Diseases of the immune System 4. Psychiatric mental illness 5. Psychological 6. Chronic lung diseases 7. Renal disease 8. Fatty liver 9. Arterial hypertension 10. Hypothyroidism 11. Polycystic ovary 12. Cholesterol and/or triglyceride problems 13. Overweight/Obesity 14. Smoking 15. None of the above |
| Have you been diagnosed by a doctor with the following diseases? | 1. Angina pectoris 2. Arrhythmias 3. Disease of the arteries of the lower limbs and/or aorta 4. Stroke 5. Myocardial infarction 6. Heart failure 7. None of the above |
| Have you had any of the following procedures? | 1. Cardiac catheterization with stent placement in any coronary artery 2. Cardiac surgery for heart valve prostheses 3. Bypass surgery or revascularization of the coronary arteries 4. Lower limb vascular surgery 5. Pacemaker 6. None of the above |
| For his chronic illnesses, I take my medications | 1. Every day without fail, at the corresponding time 2. Every day without fail, but not at the corresponding time 3. I remember from time to time 4. I forget from time to time 5. I don’t take them 6. I don’t need medication |
| How many medications do you take? | 1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4 5. 5 6. More than 5 7. None 8. I don’t like taking medications |
| Please select your medication scheme | 1. Single-drug pills 2. One pill with two medications 3. One pill with three medications 4. They told me it’s called Polypill 5. None of the above |
| Have you had the flu? | 1. Yes 2. No 3. Don’t know |
| Have you had pneumococcus infection? | 4. Yes 5. No 6. Don’t know |
| How confident are you in the influenza vaccination? | Scale 1–10 (Not at all confident to Very confident) |
| How confident are you in the pneumococcus vaccination? | Scale 1–10 (Not at all confident to Very confident) |
| How often do you get the influenza vaccine? | 1. Annually in season 2. Every 2 years 3. Every 3 years 4. When I remember 5. From time to time 6. I don’t put it on |
| Have you had a pneumococcus vaccine? | 1. Yes 2. No |
| Who prescribes the vaccines? | 1. General Physician 2. Internal Medicine 3. Family Medicine 4. Cardiologist 5. Endocrinologist 6. Geriatrician 7. Gynecologist 8. Pulmonologist 9. Neurologist 10. Pediatrician for my children/grandchildren 11. Others (gastroenterologist, rheumatologist, etc.) 12. I prescribe myself 13. None of the above |
| What health service does vaccination provide you? | 1. Public 2. Private 3. Social Security 4. Annual vaccination campaign in my country 5. I buy it at the pharmacy without prescription 6. None of the above |
| How much do you know about the cardiovascular benefits of vaccination? | Scale 1–10 (I don’t know them to I know them) |
| If you are not a doctor, do you suggest other Vaccinations? | 1. Yes 2. No 3. Does not apply |
| If you are a doctor, do you indicate vaccination for Influenza and Pneumococcus? | 1. Yes 2. No 3. Does not apply |
| Do you know when the influenza season is in your country? | 1. Yes 2. No |
| Are there vaccination campaigns for influenza and pneumococcus in your country? | 1. Yes 2. No 3. Don’t know |
| Have you been vaccinated for COVID-19? | 1. Yes 2. No |
| Number of doses given | 1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4 5. 5 6. None 7. All necessary |
| What type of vaccine do you use? | 1. Abdala (Cuban) 2. Moderna 3. J&J/Janssen 4. Oxford/Astra Zeneca 5. Pfizer/BioNTech 6. Sinopharm (China) 7. Sinovac/Biotech (China) 8. Sputnik 5 (Russia) 9. None |
| How confident are you in the COVID-19 vaccination? | Scale 1–10 (Not at all confident to Very confident) |
Figure 1
Distribution of participating countries by region.
North, Central, and Caribbean region (NCC): Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Dominican Republic.
Andean region (AR): Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Perú.
Southern Cone region (SCR): Paraguay, Chile, Uruguay, and Argentina