References
- 1Noubiap JJ, Agbor VN, Bigna JJ, Kaze AD, Nyaga UF, Mayosi BM. Prevalence and progression of rheumatic heart disease: a global systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based echocardiographic studies. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):17022. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53540-4
- 2Kumar RK, Tandon R. Rheumatic fever & rheumatic heart disease: The last 50 years. Indian J Med Res. 2013;137(4):643–58.
- 3Wang H, Naghavi M, Allen C, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Carter A, et al. Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet. 2016;388(10053):1459–544. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1
- 4Santangelo G, Bursi F, Faggiano A, Moscardelli S, Simeoli PS, Guazzi M, et al. The Global Burden of Valvular Heart Disease: From Clinical Epidemiology to Management. J Clin Med. 2023;12(6):2178. DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062178
- 5Chillo P, Mutagaywa R, Nkya D, Njelekela M, Kwesigabo G, Kahabuka F, et al. Sub-clinical rheumatic heart disease (RHD) detected by hand-held echocardiogram in children participating in a school-based RHD prevention program in Tanzania. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2023;23(1):155. DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03186-y
- 6Lv M, Jiang S, Liao D, Lin Z, Chen H, Zhang J. Global burden of rheumatic heart disease and its association with socio-economic development status, 1990–2019. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2022;29(10):142–34. DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwac044
- 7Tantchou Tchoumi JC, Butera G. Rheumatic valvulopathies occurrence, pattern and follow-up in a rural area: the experience of the Shisong Hospital, Cameroon. Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 2009;102(3):155–8.
- 8Nkoke C, Lekoubou A, Dzudie A, Jingi AM, Kingue S, Menanga A, et al. Echocardiographic pattern of rheumatic valvular disease in a contemporary sub-Saharan African pediatric population: an audit of a major cardiac ultrasound unit in Yaounde, Cameroon. BMC Pediatr. 2016;16(1):43. DOI: 10.1186/s12887-016-0584-z
- 9Kingué S, Ba SA, Balde D, Diarra MB, Anzouan-Kacou J-B, Anisubia B, et al. The VALVAFRIC study: A registry of rheumatic heart disease in Western and Central Africa. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases. 2016;109(5):321–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2015.12.004
- 10Animasahun BA, Madise Wobo AD, Itiola AY, Adekunle MO, Kusimo OY, Thomas FB. The burden of rheumatic heart disease among children in Lagos: how are we fairing? Pan Afr Med J. 2018;29:150. DOI: 10.21037/jxym.2019.06.03
- 11Reményi B, Wilson N, Steer A, Ferreira B, Kado J, Kumar K, et al. World Heart Federation criteria for echocardiographic diagnosis of rheumatic heart disease—an evidence-based guideline. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2012;9(5):297–309. DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2012.7
- 12Agbor VN, Essouma M, Ntusi NAB, Nyaga UF, Bigna JJ, Noubiap JJ. Heart failure in sub-Saharan Africa: A contemporaneous systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Cardiology. 2018;257:207–15. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.12.048
- 13Nyaga UF, Bigna JJ, Agbor VN, Essouma M, Ntusi NAB, Noubiap JJ. Data on the epidemiology of heart failure in Sub-Saharan Africa. Data in Brief. 2018;17:1218–39. DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.01.100
- 14Bimerew M, Beletew B, Getie A, Wondmieneh A, Gedefaw G, Demis A. Prevalence of rheumatic heart disease among school children in East Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pan Afr Med J. 2021;38:242. DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.38.242.26058
- 15Ekure EN, Amadi C, Sokunbi O, Kalu N, Olusegun-Joseph A, Kushimo O, et al. Echocardiographic screening of 4107 Nigerian school children for rheumatic heart disease. Trop Med Int Health TM IH. 2019;24(6):757–65. DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13235
- 16Minodier Ph, Laporte R, Miramont S. Épidémiologie des infections à streptocoque du groupe A dans les pays en développement. Archives de Pédiatrie. 2014;21:S69–72. DOI: 10.1016/S0929-693X(14)72263-8
- 17Njifou AN, Zounon DS, Ngaba GP, Vodouhé UB, Fedjo GT, Eno LBE, et al. Les Angines Bactériennes à Mbouda?: Aspects Cliniques et Thérapeutiques. Health Sci Dis. 2020;21(8). Available from:
https://www.hsd-fmsb.org/index.php/hsd/article/view/2188 . - 18Nascimento BR, Beaton AZ, Nunes MCP, Diamantino AC, Carmo GAL, Oliveira KKB, et al. Echocardiographic prevalence of rheumatic heart disease in Brazilian schoolchildren: Data from the PROVAR study. International Journal of Cardiology. 2016;219:439–45. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.06.088
- 19Marijon E, Ou P, Celermajer DS, Ferreira B, Mocumbi AO, Jani D, et al. Prevalence of rheumatic heart disease detected by echocardiographic screening. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(5):470–6. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa065085
- 20Riaz BK, Selim S, Karim MdN, Chowdhury KN, Chowdhury SH, Rahman MdR. Risk Factors of Rheumatic Heart Disease in Bangladesh: A Case-Control Study. J Health Popul Nutr. 2013;31(1):70–7. DOI: 10.3329/jhpn.v31i1.14751
- 21Negi PC, Kandoria A, Asotra S, Ganju NK, Merwaha R, Sharma R, et al. Gender differences in the epidemiology of Rheumatic Fever/Rheumatic heart disease (RF/RHD) patient population of hill state of northern India; 9 years prospective hospital based, HP-RHD registry. Indian Heart J. 2020;72(6):552–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2020.09.011
- 22Mutagaywa RK, Wind A, Kamuhabwa A, Cramer MJ, Chillo P, Chamuleau S. Rheumatic heart disease anno 2020: Impacts of gender and migration on epidemiology and management. Eur J Clin Inves. 2020;50(12):
e13374 . DOI: 10.1111/eci.13374 - 23Passos LSA, Nunes MCP, Aikawa E. Rheumatic Heart Valve Disease Pathophysiology and Underlying Mechanisms. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2020;7:612716. DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.612716
- 24Passos LSA, Jha PK, Becker-Greene D, Blaser MC, Romero D, Lupieri A, et al. Prothymosin Alpha: A Novel Contributor to Estradiol Receptor Alpha-Mediated CD8+ T-Cell Pathogenic Responses and Recognition of Type 1 Collagen in Rheumatic Heart Valve Disease. Circulation. 2022;145(7):531–48. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.057301
- 25Ngaïdé AA, Mbaye A, Kane A, Ndiaye MB, Jobe M, Bodian M, et al. Prevalence of rheumatic heart disease in Senegalese school children: a clinical and echocardiographic screening. Heart Asia. 2015;7(2):40–5. DOI: 10.1136/heartasia-2015-010664
- 26Baker MG, Gurney J, Oliver J, Moreland NJ, Williamson DA, Pierse N, et al. Risk Factors for Acute Rheumatic Fever: Literature Review and Protocol for a Case-Control Study in New Zealand. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(22):4515. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224515
- 27Kaky GS, Thierry G, Voumbo Y, Ikama S, Ellenga-Mbolla B, Mbika-Cardorelle A, et al. Les cardiopathies rhumatismales en milieu scolaire à Brazzaville. Médecine tropicale: revue du Corps de santé colonial. 2008;68:603–5. Available from:
https://indexmedicus.afro.who.int/iah/fulltext/MTR/vol%2068%20n6/Cardiopathies%20rhumatismales%20603-605.pdf . - 28Kazahura PT, Mushi TL, Pallangyo P, Janabi M, Kisenge R, Albaghdadi M, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for Subclinical Rheumatic Heart Disease among primary school children in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: a community based cross-sectional study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2021;21(1):610. DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02377-9
- 29Godown J, Lu JC, Beaton A, Sable C, Mirembe G, Sanya R, et al. Handheld echocardiography versus auscultation for detection of rheumatic heart disease. Pediatrics. 2015;135(4):e939–44. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2014-2774
- 30Chelo D, Nguefack F, Menanga AP, Um SN, Gody JC, Ndombo POK. Spectrum of heart diseases in children: an echocardiographic study of 1,666 subjects in a pediatric hospital, Yaounde, Cameroon. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther. 2016;6(1):10–19. DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-3652.2015.11
