Figure 1
Map of the Bono Region showing the districts where the project was conducted. The percentage of the urban population in Bono Region was 58.6%. The four facilities are district hospital status selected across four district capitals: Source GSS 2021.
Table 1
Key definitions from the WHO SARA instrument.
|
[i] Note: All definitions adopted from the WHO Service Readiness and Availability Analysis Guide.
Table 2
Hypertension and diabetes services availability of the selected facilities.
| CHARACTERISTICS | FREQUENCY N (%) |
|---|---|
| Facility type | |
| Mission Hospitals | 2 (50%) |
| Government facilities | 2 (50%) |
| Location of Health facilitya | |
| Urban | 4 (100%) |
| Designated space for hypertension clinic | |
| Yes | 1 (25%) |
| Clinic day for hypertension services | |
| Yes | 4 (100%) |
| Has wellness clinics for screening hypertension and diabetesc | |
| Yes | 2 (50%) |
| Hypertension and diabetes Services | |
| Diagnosis (On-site), n (%) | 4 (100%) |
| Treatment (On-site), n (%) | 4 (100%) |
| Health Information management systems | |
| Facility keeps patients records of patients’ visits, n (%) | 3 (75%) |
| Facility keeps electronic patient files, n (%) | 1 (25%) |
| Number of outpatient visits related to hypertension and diabetes over 12 monthsb | |
| Hypertension cases reported | 866 (58%) |
| Diabetes | 131 (9%) |
| Both | 506 (34%) |
[i] a All the facilities included in this study were district hospitals (highest level of primary health care), which served as referral points for health facilities in the respective districts.
b Cases burden based on data extracted from patient records for the period January 2022 and December 2022.
c Wellness clinics are established across health facilities in Ghana to provide free screening for non-communicable diseases.
Table 3
Healthcare workers employed at selected district hospitals in Ghana, 2022.
| STAFF CATEGORY | TOTAL | MEDIAN | IQR |
|---|---|---|---|
| General Physicians | 14 | 5 | (3–8) |
| Specialist Physicians | 7 | 2 | (1–3) |
| Nursing professionals | 432 | 118 | (103–140) |
| Physician Assistants | 18 | 4 | (2–7) |
| Midwifery professionals | 178 | 40 | (40–45) |
| Pharmacists | 8 | 2 | (2–2) |
| Community health nurses | 62 | 13 | (11–17) |
| Laboratory staff | 48 | 12 | (9–15) |
[i] IQR-interquartile range.
Note: The required number of workers was deduced from the Ghana Health Service human resource norm based on the minimum requirement for facility classification with workload Category A.
Figure 2
Readiness indices of hypertension and diabetes management at selected primary health facilities in Ghana, 2022.
Figure 3
Radar plot of the diagnostic services availability in health facilities contrasted by facility ownership.