References
- 1Sans S, Kesteloot H, Kromhout D. Erratum. The burden of cardiovascular diseases mortality in Europe. Task force of the European society of cardiology on cardiovascular mortality and morbidity statistics in Europe. Eur Heart J. 1997; 18(10): 1680–1. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a015434
- 2Sliwa K, Ntusi N. Battling cardiovascular diseases in a perfect storm: South Africa 25 years after Apartheid. Circulation. 2019; 139(14): 1658–60. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.038001
- 3Gaziano TA, Bitton A, Anand S, Abrahams-Gessel S, Murphy A. Growing epidemic of coronary heart disease in low- and middle-income countries. Curr Probl Cardiol [Internet]. 2010; 35(2): 72–115. DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2009.10.002
- 4Chow CM, Donovan L, Manuel D, Johansen HTJ. Regional variation in self-reported heart disease prevalence in canada. Can J Cardiol. 2005; 21(14): 1265–71.
- 5Giordano FJ, Giordano FJ. Review series Oxygen, oxidative stress, hypoxia, and heart failure. J Clin Invest. 2005; 115(3): 500–8. DOI: 10.1172/JCI200524408
- 6Frangogiannis C, Steenbergen N.
Chapter 36: Ischemic Heart disease . Hill JA, Olson EN (eds.), Muscle. Academic press. 2012; 495–521. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-381510-1.00036-3 - 7Burchfield JS, Xie M, Hill JA. Pathological ventricular remodeling: Mechanisms: Part 1 of 2. Circulation. 2013; 128(4): 388–400. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.001878
- 8McKelvie RS, Moe GW, Ezekowitz JA, Heckman GA, Costigan J, Ducharme A, et al. The 2012 Canadian Cardiovascular Society Heart Failure Management Guidelines Update: Focus on Acute and Chronic Heart Failure. Can J Cardiol. 2013; 29(2): 168–81. DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2012.10.007
- 9Wells G, Parkash R, Healey JS, Talajic M, Arnold JM, Sullivan S, et al. Cardiac resynchronization therapy: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. CMAJ. 2011; 183(4): 421–9. DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.101685
- 10Dahlöf B, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE, Julius S, Beevers G, De Faire U, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): A randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet. 2002; 359(9311): 995–1003. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08089-3
- 11Madigan M, Atoui R. Therapeutic use of stem cells for myocardial infarction. Bioengineering. 2018; 5(2): 1–18. DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering5020028
- 12Williams AR, Hare JM. Mesenchymal stem cells: Biology, pathophysiology, translational findings, and therapeutic implications for cardiac disease. Circ Res. 2011; 109(8): 923–40. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.111.243147
- 13Ma S, Xie N, Li W, Yuan B, Shi Y, Wang Y. Immunobiology of mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Death Differ. 2014; 21(2): 216–25. DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2013.158
- 14Pelacho B, Prosper F. Stem cells and cardiac disease: Where are we going? Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2008; 3(4): 265–76. DOI: 10.2174/157488808786734015
- 15Friedenstein AJ, Petrakova K, Kurolesova A, Frolova G. Heterotopic of bone marrow. Analysis of precursor cells for osteogenic and hematopoietic tissues. Transplantation. 1968; 6(2): 230–47. DOI: 10.1097/00007890-196803000-00009
- 16Friedenstein AJ, Chailakhjan K, Lalykina K. The development of fibroblast colonies in monolayer cultures of guinea pig bone marrow and spleen cells. Cell Tissue Kinet. 1970; 3(4): 393–403. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.1970.tb00347.x
- 17Friedenstein AJ, Chailakhjan R, Latsinik N, Panasyuk A, Keiliss-Borok I. Stromal cells responsible for transferring the microenvironment of the hemopoietic tissues. Transplantation. 1974; 17(4): 331–40. DOI: 10.1097/00007890-197404000-00001
- 18Owen M, Friedenstein AJ. Stromal stem cells: Marrow-derived osteogenic precursors. Ciba Found Symp. 1988; 136: 42–60. DOI: 10.1002/9780470513637.ch4
- 19Haynesworth SE, Goshima J, Goldberg VM, Caplan AI. Characterization of cells with osteogenic potential from human marrow. Bone. 1992; 13(1): 81–8. DOI: 10.1016/8756-3282(92)90364-3
- 20Caplan AI. Mesenchymal stem cells. J Orthopoedic Res. 1991; 9(5): 641–50. DOI: 10.1002/jor.1100090504
- 21Caplan AI. Mesenchymal stem cells: Time to change the name! Stem Cells Transl Med. 2017; 6(6): 1445–51. DOI: 10.1002/sctm.17-0051
- 22Bianco P, Robey PG, Simmons PJ. Mesenchymal stem cells: Revisiting history, concepts, and assays. Cell Stem Cell. 2008; 2(4): 313–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2008.03.002
- 23Dominici M, Le Blanc K, Mueller I, Slaper-Cortenbach I, Marini FC, Krause DS, et al. Minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement. Cytotherapy [Internet]. 2006; 8(4): 315–7. DOI: 10.1080/14653240600855905
- 24Pittenger MF, Mackay AM, Beck SC, Jaiswal RK, Douglas R, Mosca JD, et al. Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. 1999 April; 284: 143–8. DOI: 10.1126/science.284.5411.143
- 25Zuk PA, Ph D, Zhu MIN, Mizuno H, Benhaim P, Lorenz HP. Multilineage cells from human adipose tissue: Implications for cell-based therapies. 2001; 7(2): 211–28. DOI: 10.1089/107632701300062859
- 26Zuk PA, Zhu M, Ashjian P, Ugarte DA De, Huang JI, Mizuno H, et al. Human adipose tissue is a source of multipotent stem cells. 2002 December; 13: 4279–95. DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e02-02-0105
- 27Katz AJ, Tholpady A, Tholpady SS, Shang H, Ogle RC. Cell surface and transcriptional characterization of human adipose-derived adherent stromal (hADAS) cells. Stem Cells. 2005; 23: 412–23. DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2004-0021
- 28Witte SFHDE, Lambert EE, Merino ANA, Strini T, Douben HJCW, Flynn LO, et al. Aging of bone marrow – and umbilical cord – derived mesenchymal. Cytotherapy [Internet]; 2017 January. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.03.071
- 29Girdlestone J, Limbani VA, Cutler AJ, Navarrete CV. Efficient expansion of mesenchymal stromal cells from umbilical cord under low serum conditions. Cytotherapy [Internet]. 2009; 11(6): 738–48. DOI: 10.3109/14653240903079401
- 30In’t Anker PS, Scherjon SA, Kleijburg-Vander Keur C, de Groot-Swings GM, Claas FH, Fibbe WE, Kanhai HH. Isolation of mesenchymal stem cells of fetal or maternal origin from human placenta. Stem Cells. 2004; 22(7): 1338–45. DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2004-0058
- 31Miao Z, Jin J, Chen L, Zhu J, Huang W. Isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from human placenta: Comparison with human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. 2006; 30(9): 681–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2006.03.009
- 32Kassis I, Zangi L, Rivkin R, Levdansky L, Samuel S, Marx G, et al. Isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from G-CSF-mobilized human peripheral blood using fibrin microbeads. 2006 February; 967–76. DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705358
- 33Jahani M-A, Jahani M. In vitro isolation of stem cells derived from human dental pulp. 2010; 23–8. DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2009.01137.x
- 34Chiang E, Lai H, Chen L, Lee Y. Isolation of mesenchymal stem cells. 2011; 36(18): 1193–200. DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3182053f58
- 35Meng X, Ichim TE, Zhong J, Rogers A, Yin Z, Jackson J, et al. Endometrial regenerative cells: A novel stem cell population. 2007; 10: 1–10. DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-5-57
- 36Macias MI, Grande J, Moreno A, Domínguez I, Bornstein R, Flores AI. BASIC SCIENCE: OBSTETRICS Isolation and characterization of true mesenchymal stem cells derived from human term decidua capable of multilineage differentiation into all 3 embryonic layers. YMOB [Internet]. 2010; 203(5): 495.e9–495.e23. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2010.06.045
- 37Roubelakis MG, Pappa KI, Bitsika V, Antsaklis A, Anagnou NP. Molecular and proteomic characterization of human comparison to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. 2007; 951: 931–51. DOI: 10.1089/scd.2007.0036
- 38Marongiu F, Gramignoli R, Sun Q, Tahan V, Dorko K, Ellis E, et al. Isolation of amniotic mesenchymal stem cells. 2010; 1–11. DOI: 10.1002/9780470151808.sc01e05s12
- 39Poloni A, Rosini V, Mondini E, Maurizi G, Mancini S, Discepoli G, et al. Characterization and expansion of mesenchymal progenitor cells from first-trimester chorionic villi of human placenta. Cytotherapy [Internet]. 2008; 10(7): 690–7. DOI: 10.1080/14653240802419310
- 40Zeddou M, Briquet A, Relic B, Josse C, Malaise MG. The umbilical cord matrix is a better source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) than the umbilical cord blood. 2010; 34: 693–701. DOI: 10.1042/CBI20090414
- 41Erices A, Conget P, Minguell JJ. Mesenchymal progenitor cells in human umbilical cord blood. British journal of haematology. 2000; 109(1): 235-42. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.01986.x
- 42Lazarus HM, Haynesworth SE, Rosenthal N, Caplan AI. Ex vivo expansion and subsequent infusion of human bone marrow-derived stromal progenitor cells (mesenchymal progenitor cells):implications for therpapeutic use. Bone marrow Transpl. 1995; 16(4): 557–64.
- 43Horwitz EM, Prockop DJ, Fitzpatrick LA, Koo WW, Gordon PL, Neel M, et al. Transplantability and therapeutic effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells in children with osteogenesis imperfecta. Nat Med. 1999; 5(3): 309–13. DOI: 10.1038/6529
- 44Gerson SL, Cooper BW, Dyhouse SM, Haynesworth SE, Caplan AI, Lazarus HM. Rapid hematopoietic recovery after coinfusion of autologous-blood stem cells and culture-expanded marrow mesenchymal stem cells in advanced breast. 2019; 18(2): 307–16. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2000.18.2.307
- 45Chen S, Fang W, Qian J, Ye F, Liu Y, Shan S, et al. Improvement of cardiac function after transplantation of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in patients with acute myocardal infarction. Chin Med J. 2004; 117(10): 1443–8.
- 46Sarkissian S Der, Lévesque T, Noiseux N. Optimizing stem cells for cardiac repair: Current status and new frontiers in regenerative cardiology. World J. Stem cells. 2017; 9(1): 9–25. DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v9.i1.9
- 47Bagno L, Hatzistergos KE, Balkan W, Hare JM. Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy for cardiovascular disease: Progress and challenges. Mol Ther [Internet]. 2018; 26(7): 1–14. DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.05.009
- 48Orlic D, Kajstura J, Chimenti S, Dm B, Leri A, Anversa P. Bone marrow stem cells regenerate infarcted myocardium. 2003; 7: 86–8. DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3046.7.s3.13.x
- 49Chen S, Fang W, Ye F, Liu Y, Qian J, Shan S, et al. Effect on left ventricular function of intracoronary transplantation of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Am. J. Cardio. 2004; 94(1): 92–5. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.03.034
- 50Zimmet JM, Hare JM. FOCUSED ISSUE: Cardiac repair by stem cells emerging role for bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells in myocardial regenerative therapy. Basic Res. Cardol. 2005; 481: 471–81. DOI: 10.1007/s00395-005-0553-4
- 51Banerjee MN, Bolli R, Hare JM. Clinical studies of cell therapy in cardiovascular medicine recent developments and future directions. Circ. Res. 2018; 016960: 266–88. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.311217
- 52Hare J, Fishman J, Gerstenblith G, Difede Velazquez D, Zambrano J, Suncion V, et al. Comparison of allogeneic vs. autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells delivered by transendocardial injection in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy: The POSEIDON randomized trial. JAMA. 2012; 308(22): 2369–79. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2012.25321
- 53Mathiasen AB, Qayyum AA, Jørgensen E, Helqvist S, Fischer-nielsen A, Kofoed KF, et al. Interventional cardiology bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell treatment in patients with severe ischaemic heart failure: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Eur. Heart. J. 2015; 36(27): 1744–53. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv136
- 54Oh H, Bradfute SB, Gallardo TD, Nakamura T, Gaussin V, Mishina Y, et al. Cardiac progenitor cells from adult myocardium: Homing, differentiation, and fusion after infarction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003; 100(21): 12313–8. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2132126100
- 55Quevedo HC, Hatzistergos KE, Oskouei BN, Feigenbaum GS, Rodriguez JE, Valdes D, et al. Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells restore cardiac function in chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy via trilineage differentiating capacity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2009; 106(33): 14022–7. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0903201106
- 56Szaraz P, Gratch YS, Iqbal F, Librach CL. In vitro differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells into functional cardiomyocyte-like cells. J Vis Exp. 2017; 2017(126): 1–14. DOI: 10.3791/55757
- 57Jeong H, Yim HW, Park HJ, Cho Y, Hong H, Kim NJ, et al. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for ischemic heart disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Stem Cells. 2018; 11(1): 1–12. DOI: 10.15283/ijsc17061
- 58Gnecchi M, He H, Liang OD, Melo LG, Morello F, Mu H, et al. Paracrine action accounts for marked protection of ischemic heart by Akt-modified mesenchymal stem cells. Nat Mediine. 2005; 11(4): 367–8. DOI: 10.1038/nm0405-367
- 59Gnecchi M, Zhang Z, Ni A, Dzau VJ. Paracrine mechanisms in adult stem cell signaling and therapy. Circ Res. 2008; 103(11): 1204–19. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.108.176826
- 60Boyle AJ, McNiece IK, Hare JM. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for cardiac repair. Methods Mol Biol. 2010; 660: 65–84. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-705-1_5
- 61Hatzistergos KE, Quevedo H, Oskouei BN, Hu Q, Feigenbaum GS, Margitich IS, et al. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells stimulate cardiac stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Circ Res. 2010; 107(7): 913–22. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.110.222703
- 62Hare JM, Traverse JH, Henry TD, Dib N, Strumpf RK, Schulman SP, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study of intravenous adult human mesenchymal stem cells (prochymal) after acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009; 54(24): 2277–86. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.06.055
- 63Karantalis V, Difede DL, Gerstenblith G, Pham S, Symes J, Zambrano JP, et al. Autologous mesenchymal stem cells produce concordant improvements in regional function, tissue perfusion, and fibrotic burden when administered to patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: The prospective randomized study of mesenchymal stem cells. Circ Res. 2014; 114(8): 1302–10. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.114.303180
- 64Karantalis V, Hare JM. Use of mesenchymal stem cells for therapy of cardiac disease. Circ Res. 2015; 116(8): 1413–30. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.303614
- 65Eschenhagen T, Bolli R, Braun T, Field LJ, Fleischmann BK, Frisén J, et al. Cardiomyocyte regeneration: A consensus statement. Circulation. 2017; 136(7): 680–6. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029343
- 66Perin EC, Borow KM, Silva G V., DeMaria AN, Marroquin OC, Huang PP, et al. A Phase II dose-escalation study of allogeneic mesenchymal precursor cells in patients with ischemic or nonischemic heart failure. Circulation Research. 2015; 117: 576–584. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.306332
- 67Guo Y, Yu Y, Hu S, Chen Y, Shen Z. The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells for cardiovascular diseases. Cell Death Dis [Internet]. 2020; 11(5): 1–10. DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2542-9
- 68Hare JM, Fishman JE, Heldman AW. Comparison of allogeneic vs autologous bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells delivered by transendocardial injection in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. J Autism Dev Disord. 2017; 47(3): 549–62.
- 69Heldman AW, Difede DL, Fishman JE, Juan P, Trachtenberg BH, Karantalis V, et al. Transendocardial mesenchymal stem cells and mononuclear bone marrow cells for ischemic cardiomyopathy: The TAC-HFT Randomized Trial. JAMA. 2015; 311(1): 62–73. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2013.282909
- 70Boyle AJ, McNiece IK, Hare JM. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for cardiac repair. Methods Mol Biol. 2010; 660(24): 65–84. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-705-1_5
- 71Bartolucci J, Verdugo FJ, González PL, Larrea RE, Abarzua E, Goset C, et al. Safety and efficacy of the intravenous infusion of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in patients with heart failure: A phase 1/2 randomized controlled trial (RIMECARD trial [Randomized clinical trial of intravenous infusion umbilical cord mesenchymal Stem Cells on Cardiopathy]). Circ Res. 2017; 121(10): 1192–204. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.310712
- 72Butler J, Epstein SE, Greene SJ, Quyyumi AA, Sikora S, Kim RJ, et al. Intravenous allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells for nonischemic cardiomyopathy: Safety and efficacy results of a Phase II-A randomized trial. Circ Res. 2017; 120(2): 332–40. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.309717
- 73Grossman PM, Han Z, Palasis M, Barry JJ, Lederman RJ. Incomplete retention after direct myocardial injection. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2002; 55(3): 392–7. DOI: 10.1002/ccd.10136
- 74Amado LC, Saliaris AP, Schuleri KH, St. John M, Xie JS, Cattaneo S, et al. Cardiac repair with intramyocardial injection of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells after myocardial infarction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2005; 102(32): 11474–9. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0504388102
- 75Rodrigo SF, Van Ramshorst J, Hoogslag GE, Boden H, Velders MA, Cannegieter SC, et al. Intramyocardial injection of autologous bone marrow-derived ex vivo expanded mesenchymal stem cells in acute myocardial infarction patients is feasible and safe up to 5 years of follow-up. J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2013; 6(5): 816–25. DOI: 10.1007/s12265-013-9507-7
- 76Guijarro D, Lebrin M, Lairez O, Bourin P, Piriou N, Pozzo J, et al. Intramyocardial transplantation of mesenchymal stromal cells for chronic myocardial ischemia and impaired left ventricular function: Results of the MESAMI 1 pilot trial. Int J Cardiol [Internet]. 2016; 209: 258–65. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.02.016
- 77Gao LR, Pei XT, Ding QA, Chen Y, Zhang NK, Chen HY, et al. A critical challenge: Dosage-related efficacy and acute complication intracoronary injection of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in acute myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol [Internet]. 2013; 168(4): 3191–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.04.112
- 78Liu C-B, Huang H, Sun P, Ma S-Z, Liu A-H, Xue J, et al. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells improve left ventricular function, perfusion, and remodeling in a porcine model of chronic myocardial ischemia. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2016; 5(8): 1004–13. DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0298
- 79Vilahur G, Oñate B, Cubedo J, Béjar MT, Arderiu G, Peña E, et al. Allogenic adipose-derived stem cell therapy overcomes ischemia-induced microvessel rarefaction in the myocardium: Systems biology study. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2017; 8(1): 1–15. DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0509-2
- 80Fakoya AOJ. New delivery systems of stem cells for vascular regeneration in ischemia. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2017 February; 4: 1–20. DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2017.00007
- 81Kanelidis AJ, Premer C, Lopez J, Balkan W, Hare JM. Route of delivery modulates the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell therapy for myocardial infarction: A meta-analysis of preclinical studies and clinical trials. Physiol Behav. 2017; 120(7): 1139–50. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.309819
- 82Poe AJ, Knowlton AA. Exosomes as agents of change in the cardiovascular system. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2017; 111: 40–50. DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.08.002
- 83Zhang Z, Yang J, Yan W, Li Y, Shen Z, Asahara T. Pretreatment of cardiac stem cells with exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells enhances myocardial repair. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016; 5(1): 1–16. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.115.002856
- 84Ju C, Shen Y, Ma G, Liu Y, Cai J, Kim I, et al. Transplantation of cardiac mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes promotes repair in ischemic myocardium. J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2018; 11(5): 420–8. DOI: 10.1007/s12265-018-9822-0
- 85Qiu G, Zheng G, Ge M, Wang J, Huang R, Shu Q, et al. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles affect disease outcomes via transfer of microRNAs. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2018; 9(1): 1–9. DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1069-9
- 86Kinnaird T, Stabile E, Burnett MS, Lee CW, Barr S, Fuchs S, et al. Marrow-derived stromal cells express genes encoding a broad spectrum of arteriogenic cytokines and promote in vitro and in vivo arteriogenesis through paracrine mechanisms. Circ Res. 2004; 94(5): 678–85. DOI: 10.1161/01.RES.0000118601.37875.AC
- 87Rehman J, Traktuev D, Li J, Merfeld-Clauss S, Temm-Grove CJ, Bovenkerk JE, et al. Secretion of angiogenic and antiapoptotic factors by human adipose stromal cells. Circulation. 2004; 109(10): 1292–8. DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000121425.42966.F1
- 88Iso Y, Spees JL, Serrano C, Bakondi B, Pochampally R, Song Y-H, et al. Multipotent human stromal cells improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction in mice without long-term engraftment. Biochem Biophys Res. 2007; 354(3): 700–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.01.045
- 89Shi S, Wu X, Wang X, Hao W, Miao H, Zhen L, et al. Differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to cardiomyocyte-like cells is regulated by the combined low dose treatment of transforming growth Factor-1 and 5-Azacytidine. Stem Cells Int; 2016. Article ID: 3816256. DOI: 10.1155/2016/3816256
- 90Chen Z, Chen L, Zeng C, Wang WE. Functionally improved mesenchymal stem cells to better treat myocardial infarction. Stem Cells Int; 2018. Article ID: 7045245. DOI: 10.1155/2018/7045245
- 91Chen Y, Zuo J, Chen W, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Hua F, et al. The enhanced effect and underlying mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells with IL-33 overexpression on myocardial infarction. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019; 10(1): 1–14. DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1105-9
- 92Liu XH, Bai CG, Xu ZY, Huang SD, Yuan Y, Gong DJ, et al. Therapeutic potential of angiogenin modified mesenchymal stem cells: Angiogenin improves mesenchymal stem cells survival under hypoxia and enhances vasculogenesis in myocardial infarction. Microvasc Res. 2008; 76(1): 23–30. DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2008.02.005
- 93Muraya K, Kawasaki T, Yamamoto T, Akutsu H. Enhancement of cellular adhesion and proliferation in human mesenchymal stromal cells by the direct addition of recombinant collagen i peptide to the culture medium. Biores Open Access. 2019; 8(1): 210–8. DOI: 10.1089/biores.2019.0012
- 94Zhao L, Liu X, Zhang Y, Liang X, Ding Y, Xu Y. Enhanced cell survival and paracrine effects of mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing hepatocyte growth factor promote cardioprotection in myocardial infarction. Exp Cell Res [Internet]. 2016; 344(1): 30–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.03.024
- 95Mias C, Lairez O, Trouche E, Roncalli J, Calise D, Seguelas MH, et al. Mesenchymal stem cells promote matrix metalloproteinase secretion by cardiac fibroblasts and reduce cardiac ventricular fibrosis after myocardial infarction. Stem Cells. 2009; 27(11): 2734–43. DOI: 10.1002/stem.169
- 96Ma T, Chen Y, Chen Y, Meng Q, Sun J, Shao L, et al. MicroRNA-132, delivered by mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes, promote angiogenesis in myocardial infarction. Stem Cells Int; 2018. Article Id: 3290372. DOI: 10.1155/2018/3290372
- 97Rogers TB, Pati S, Gaa S, Riley D, Khakoo AY, Patel S, et al. Mesenchymal stem cells stimulate protective genetic reprogramming of injured cardiac ventricular myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol [Internet]. 2011; 50(2): 346–56. DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2010.09.001
- 98Noiseux N, Gnecchi M, Lopez-Ilasaca M, Zhang L, Solomon SD, Deb A, et al. Mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing Akt dramatically repair infarcted myocardium and improve cardiac function despite infrequent cellular fusion or differentiation. Mol Ther. 2006; 14(6): 840–50. DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2006.05.016
- 99Bai T, Liu F, Zou F, Zhao G, Jiang Y, Liu L, et al. Epidermal growth factor induces proliferation of hair follicle-derived mesenchymal stem cells through epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated activation of erk and akt signaling pathways associated with upregulation of cyclin d1 and downregulation of p1. Stem Cells Dev. 2017; 26(2): 113–22. DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0234
- 100Ward MR, Abadeh A, Connelly KA. Concise review: Rational use of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of ischemic heart disease. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2018; 7(7): 543–50. DOI: 10.1002/sctm.17-0210
- 101Nakanishi C, Yamagishi M, Yamahara K, Hagino I, Mori H, Sawa Y, et al. Activation of cardiac progenitor cells through paracrine effects of mesenchymal stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008; 374(1): 11–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.06.074
- 102Cho J, Zhai P, Maejima Y, Sadoshima J. Myocardial injection with GSK-3β-overexpressing bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells attenuates cardiac dysfunction after myocardial infarction. Circ Res. 2011; 108(4): 478–89. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.110.229658
- 103Gnecchi M, He H, Liang OD, Melo LG, Morello F, Mu H, et al. Paracrine action accounts for marked protection of ischemic heart by Akt-modified mesenchymal stem cells. Nat Med. 2005; 11(4): 367–8. DOI: 10.1038/nm0405-367
- 104Takahashi M, Li TS, Suzuki R, Kobayashi T, Ito H, Ikeda Y, et al. Cytokines produced by bone marrow cells can contribute to functional improvement of the infarcted heart by protecting cardiomyocytes from ischemic injury. Am J Physiol – Hear Circ Physiol. 2006; 291(2): 886–93. DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00142.2006
- 105Silva DN, Souza BSF, Azevedo CM, Vasconcelos JF, De Jesus PG, Feitoza MS, et al. IGF-1-Overexpressing mesenchymal stem/stromal cells promote immunomodulatory and proregenerative effects in chronic experimental chagas disease. Stem Cells Int; 2018. Article Id: 9108681. DOI: 10.1155/2018/9108681
- 106Feng J, Wu Y, Chen W, Li J, Wang X, Chen Y, et al. Sustained release of bioactive IGF-1 from a silk fibroin microsphere-based injectable alginate hydrogel for the treatment of myocardial infarction. J Mater Chem B. 2020; 8(2): 308–15. DOI: 10.1039/C9TB01971E
- 107Gallina C, Turinetto V, Giachino C. A new paradigm in cardiac regeneration: The mesenchymal stem cell secretome. Stem Cells Int; 2015. Article Id: 765846. DOI: 10.1155/2015/765846
- 108Collino F, Deregibus MC, Bruno S, Sterpone L, Aghemo G, Viltono L, et al. Microvesicles derived from adult human bone marrow and tissue specific mesenchymal stem cells shuttle selected pattern of miRNAs. PLoS One. 2010; 5(7):
e11803 . DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011803 - 109Li B, Zeng Q, Wang H, Shao S, Mao X, Zhang F, et al. Adipose tissue stromal cells transplantation in rats of acute myocardial infarction. Coron Artery Dis. 2007; 18(3): 221–7. DOI: 10.1097/MCA.0b013e32801235da
- 110Zhu W, Huang L, Li Y, Zhang X, Gu J, Yan Y, et al. Exosomes derived from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells promote tumor growth in vivo. Cancer Lett [Internet]. 2012; 315(1): 28–37. DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.10.002
- 111Tomasoni S, Longaretti L, Rota C, Morigi M, Conti S, Gotti E, et al. Transfer of growth factor receptor mRNA via exosomes unravels the regenerative effect of mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells Dev. 2013; 22(5): 772–80. DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0266
- 112Valadi H, Ekström K, Bossios A, Sjöstrand M, Lee JJ, Lötvall JO. Exosome-mediated transfer of mRNAs and microRNAs is a novel mechanism of genetic exchange between cells. Nat Cell Biol. 2007; 9(6): 654–9. DOI: 10.1038/ncb1596
- 113Yuan A, Farber EL, Rapoport AL, Tejada D, Deniskin R, Akhmedov NB, et al. Transfer of microRNAs by embryonic stem cell microvesicles. PLoS One. 2009; 4(3). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004722
- 114Feng Y, Huang W, Wani M, Yu X, Ashraf M. Ischemic preconditioning potentiates the protective effect of stem cells through secretion of exosomes by targeting Mecp2 via miR-22. PLoS One. 2014; 9(2): 1–8. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088685
- 115Lai RC, Arslan F, Lee MM, Sze NSK, Choo A, Chen TS, et al. Exosome secreted by MSC reduces myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Stem Cell Res [Internet]. 2010; 4(3): 214–22. DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2009.12.003
- 116Lai RC, Tan SS, Teh BJ, Sze SK, Arslan F, de Kleijn DP, et al. Proteolytic potential of the MSC exosome proteome: Implications for an exosome-mediated delivery of therapeutic proteasome. Int J Proteomics. 2012; 1–14. DOI: 10.1155/2012/971907
- 117Yu B, Gong M, Wang Y, Millard RW, Pasha Z, Yang Y, et al. Cardiomyocyte protection by GATA-4 gene engineered mesenchymal stem cells is partially mediated by translocation of miR-221 in microvesicles. PLoS One. 2013; 8(8): 1–11. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073304
- 118Huang P, Wang L, Li Q, Xu J, Xu J, Xiong Y, et al. Combinatorial treatment of acute myocardial infarction using stem cells and their derived exosomes resulted in improved heart performance. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019; 10(1): 1–12. DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1353-3
- 119Zlatanova I, Pinto C, Silvestre JS. Immune modulation of cardiac repair and regeneration: The art of mending broken hearts. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2016 October; 3: 1–8. DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2016.00040
- 120Suncion VY, Ghersin E, Fishman JE, Zambrano JP, Mandel N, Nelson KH, et al. Does transendocardial injection of mesenchymal stem cells improve myocardial function locally or globally? An analysis from the POSEIDON randomized trial. Circ Res. 2014; 114(8): 1292–301. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.114.302854
- 121Maggini J, Mirkin G, Bognanni I, Holmberg J, Piazzón IM, Nepomnaschy I, et al. Mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells turn activated macrophages into a regulatory-like profile. PLoS One. 2010; 5(2): e9252. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009252
- 122Van Den Akker F, De Jager SCA, Sluijter JPG. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for cardiac inflammation: Immunomodulatory properties and the influence of toll-like receptors. Mediators Inflamm; 2013. Article Id: 181020. DOI: 10.1155/2013/181020
- 123Lee RH, Pulin AA, Seo MJ, Kota DJ, Ylostalo J, Larson BL, et al. Intravenous hMSCs improve myocardial infarction in mice because cells embolized in lung are activated to secrete the anti-inflammatory protein TSG-6. Cell Stem Cell [Internet]. 2009; 5(1): 54–63. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3624763/pdf/nihms412728.pdf . DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2009.05.003 - 124Ke D, Fang J, Fan L, Chen Z, Chen L. Regulatory T cells contribute to rosuvastatin-induced cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Coron Artery Dis. 2013; 24(4): 334–41. DOI: 10.1097/MCA.0b013e3283608c12
- 125Lemcke H, Voronina N, Steinhoff G, David R. Recent progress in stem cell modification for cardiac regeneration. Stem Cells Int; 2018. Article Id: 1909346. DOI: 10.1155/2018/1909346
- 126Tompkins BA, Balkan W, Winkler J, Gyöngyösi M, Goliasch G, Fernández-Avilés F, et al. IMPACT: Preclinical studies of cell therapy for human disease. Circ Res. 2018; 122(7): 1006–20. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.312486
- 127Recchia FA, Lionetti V. Animal models of dilated cardiomyopathy for translational research. Vet Res Commun. 2007; 31(SUPPL. 1): 35–41. DOI: 10.1007/s11259-007-0005-8
- 128Mu Y, Cao G, Zeng Q, Li Y. Transplantation of induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells improves the cardiac function of rabbits with dilated cardiomyopathy via upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors. Exp Biol Med. 2011; 236(9): 1100–7. DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2011.011066
- 129Zhang C, Zhou G, Chen Y, Liu S, Chen F, Xie L, et al. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells alleviate interstitial fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction in a dilated cardiomyopathy rat model by inhibiting TNF-α and TGF-β1/ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Mol Med Rep. 2018; 17(1): 71–8. DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7882
- 130Narita T, Suzuki K. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of heart failure. Heart Fail Rev. 2015; 20(1): 53–68. DOI: 10.1007/s10741-014-9435-x
- 131Kanelidis AJ, Premer C, Lopez J, Balkan W, Hare JM. Route of delivery modulates the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell therapy for myocardial infarction: A meta-analysis of preclinical studies and clinical trials. Circ Res. 2017; 120(7): 1139–50. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.309819
- 132Ciszek B, Skubiszewska D, Ratajska A. The anatomy of the cardiac veins in mice. J Anat. 2007; 211(1): 53–63. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2007.00753.x
- 133Price MJ, Chou CC, Frantzen M, Miyamoto T, Kar S, Lee S, et al. Intravenous mesenchymal stem cell therapy early after reperfused acute myocardial infarction improves left ventricular function and alters electrophysiologic properties. Int J Cardiol. 2006; 111(2): 231–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2005.07.036
- 134Qi C, Ma G, Liu N, Shen C, Chen Z, Liu X, et al. Transplantation of magnetically labeled mesenchymal stem cells improves cardiac function in a swine myocardial infarction model. Chin Med J (Engl). 2008; 121(6): 544–50. DOI: 10.1097/00029330-200803020-00016
- 135Cheng Y, Yi G, Conditt GB, Sheehy A, Kolodgie FD, Tellez A, et al. Catheter-based endomyocardial delivery of mesenchymal precursor cells using 3D echo guidance improves cardiac function in a chronic myocardial injury ovine model. Cell Transplant. 2013; 22(12): 2299–309. DOI: 10.3727/096368912X658016
- 136Vasileios Karantalis M, Viky Y, Suncion-Loescher M, Luiza Bagno P, Samuel Golpanian M, Ariel Wolf B, Cristina Sanina M, et al. Synergistic effects of combined cell therapy for chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy. 2015; 66(18): 1990–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.08.879
- 137Bobi J, Solanes N, Fernández-Jiménez R, Galán-Arriola C, Dantas AP, Fernández-Friera L, et al. Intracoronary administration of allogeneic adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells improves myocardial perfusion but not left ventricle function, in a translational model of acute myocardial infarction. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017; 6(5): 1–17. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.117.005771
- 138Lim M, Wang W, Liang L, Han ZB, Li Z, Geng J, et al. Intravenous injection of allogeneic umbilical cord-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells reduces the infarct area and ameliorates cardiac function in a porcine model of acute myocardial infarction. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2018; 9(1): 1–17. DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0888-z
- 139Kumar M, Kasala ER, Bodduluru LN, Dahiya V, Sharma D, Kumar V, et al. Animal models of myocardial infarction: Mainstay in clinical translation. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol [Internet]. 2016; 76: 221–30. DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.03.005
- 140Karantalis V, Difede DL, Gerstenblith G, Pham S, Symes J, Zambrano JP, et al. Autologous mesenchymal stem cells produce concordant improvements in regional function, tissue perfusion and fibrotic burden when administered to patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting – The PROMETHEUS Trial Vasileios. Circ Res. 2014; 114(8): 1302–10. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.114.303180
- 141Florea V, Rieger AC, DiFede DL, El-Khorazaty J, Natsumeda M, Banerjee MN, et al. Dose comparison study of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (The TRIDENT study). Circ Res. 2017; 121(11): 1279–90. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.311827
- 142Perin EC, Sanz-Ruiz R, Sánchez PL, Lasso J, Pérez-Cano R, Alonso-Farto JC, et al. Adipose-derived regenerative cells in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy: The PRECISE Trial. Am Heart J [Internet]. 2014; 168(1): 88–95. DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2014.03.022
- 143Chugh AR, Zuba-Surma EK, Dawn B. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stems cells and cardiac repair. Minerva Cardioangiol. 2009; 57(2): 185–202.
- 144Dawn B, Abdel-Latif A, Sanganalmath SK, Flaherty MP, Zuba–Surma EKA. Cardiac repair with adult bone marrow-derived cells: The clinical evidence. Antioxidants Redox Signal. 2009; 57(2): 185–202. DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2462
- 145Sanz-Ruiz R, Fernández-Avilés F. Autologous and allogeneic cardiac stem cell therapy for cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacol Res [Internet]. 2018; 127: 92–100. DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.05.024
- 146Xu W, Zhang X, Qian H, Zhu W, Sun X, Hu J, et al. Mesenchymal stem cells from adult human bone marrow differentiate into a cardiomyocyte phenotype in vitro. Exp Biol Med. 2004; 229(7): 623–31. DOI: 10.1177/153537020422900706
- 147Shim WSN, Jiang S, Wong P, Tan J, Chua YL, Seng Tan Y, et al. Ex vivo differentiation of human adult bone marrow stem cells into cardiomyocyte-like cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004; 324(2): 481–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.09.087
- 148Oswald J, Boxberger S, Joergensen B, Bornhaeuser M, Ehninger G, Werner C. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can be differentiated into endothelial cells in vitro. Trans – 7th World Biomater Congr. 2004; 506. DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.22-3-377
- 149Lin CS, Xin ZC, Dai J, Lue TF. Commonly used mesenchymal stem cell markers and tracking labels: Limitations and challenges. Histol Histopathol. 2013; 28(9): 1109–16.
- 150Mazhari R, Hare JM. Mechanisms of action of mesenchymal stem cells in cardiac repair: Potential influences on the cardiac stem cell niche. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med. 2007; 4(SUPPL. 1): 21–6. DOI: 10.1038/ncpcardio0770
- 151Gnecchi M, Zhang Z, Ni A, Dzau VJ. Paracrine mechanisms in adult stem cell signaling and therapy. Circ Res. 2008; 103(11): 1204–19. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.108.176826
- 152Teng X, Chen L, Chen W, Yang J, Yang Z, Shen Z. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes improve the microenvironment of infarcted myocardium contributing to angiogenesis and anti-inflammation. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2015; 37(6): 2415–24. DOI: 10.1159/000438594
- 153Jin-Ok Jeong, MD P, Ji Woong Han P, Jin-Man Kim, MD P, Hyun-Jai Cho, MD P, Changwon Park P, Namho Lee MDP, et al. Malignant tumor formation after transplantation of short-term cultured bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in experimental myocardial infarction and diabetic neuropathy. Circ Res. 2011; 108(11): 1340–7. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.110.239848
- 154Breitbach M, Bostani T, Roell W, Xia Y, Dewald O, Nygren JM, et al. Potential risks of bone marrow cell transplantation into infarcted hearts. Blood. 2007; 110(4): 1362–9. DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-12-063412
- 155Liao J, Chen X, Li Y, Ge Z, Duan H, Zou Y, et al. Transfer of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells influences vascular remodeling and calcification after balloon injury in hyperlipidemic rats. J Biomed Biotechnol; 2012. Article Id: 165296. DOI: 10.1155/2012/165296
- 156Denu RA, Nemcek S, Bloom DD, Goodrich AD, Kim J, Mosher DF, et al. Fibroblasts and mesenchymal stromal/stem cells are phenotypically indistinguishable. Acta Haematol. 2016; 136(2): 85–9. DOI: 10.1159/000445096
- 157Sacchetti B, Funari A, Remoli C, Giannicola G, Kogler G, Liedtke S, et al. No identical “mesenchymal stem cells” at different times and sites: Human committed progenitors of distinct origin and differentiation potential are incorporated as adventitial cells in microvessels. Stem Cell Reports [Internet]. 2016; 6(6): 897–913. DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.05.011
- 158Hematti P. Mesenchymal stromal cells and fibroblasts: A case of mistaken identity? Cytotherapy. 2012; 14(5): 516–21. DOI: 10.3109/14653249.2012.677822
- 159Musialek P, Mazurek A, Kwiecien E, Drabik L, Tekieli L, Szot W, et al. Safety and high-grade myocardial uptake of Whartons Jelly Plurioptent Stem Cells transcoronary transfer in acute myocardial infarction in man. Eur Heart J. 2017; 38: 4027. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx504.P4027
- 160Kandala J, Upadhyay GA, Pokushalov E, Wu S, Drachman DE, Singh JP. Meta-analysis of stem cell therapy in chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol [Internet]. 2013; 112(2): 217–25. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2013.03.021
- 161Cleland JGF, Pennell DJ, Ray SG, Coats AJ, Macfarlane PW, Murray GD, et al. Myocardial viability as a determinant of the ejection fraction response to carvedilol in patients with heart failure (CHRISTMAS trial): Randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2003; 362(9377): 14–21. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13801-9
- 162Wong M, Staszewsky L, Latini R, Barlera S, Glazer R, Aknay N, et al. Severity of left ventricular remodeling defines outcomes and response to therapy in heart failure: Valsartan heart failure trial (Val-HeFT) echocardiographic data. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004; 43(11): 2022–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2003.12.053
- 163Ezekowitz JA, McAlister FA. Aldosterone blockade and left ventricular dysfunction: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Eur Heart J. 2009; 30(4): 469–77. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehn543
- 164Hematol J, Zhou T, Yuan Z, Weng J, Pei D, Du X, et al. Challenges and advances in clinical applications of mesenchymal stromal cells. J Hematol Oncol [Internet]. 2021; 1–24. DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01037-x
- 165Razeghian-jahromi I, Matta AG, Canitrot R, Zibaeenezhad MJ, Razmkhah M, Safari A, et al. Surfing the clinical trials of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in ischemic cardiomyopathy. 2021; 1: 1–12. DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02443-1
- 166Shani NN, Levin-Kotler L-P, Palevski D, Amit U, Kain D, Landa N, et al. Left ventricular dysfunction switches mesenchymal stromal cells toward an inflammatory phenotype and impairs their reparative properties via toll-like receptor-4. Circulation. 2017; 2271–87. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.023527
- 167Zhang M, Mal N, Kiedrowski M, Chacko M, Askari AT, Popovic ZB, et al. SDF-1 expression by mesenchymal stem cells results in trophic support of cardiac myocytes after myocardial infarction. FASEB J. 2007; 21(12): 3197–207. DOI: 10.1096/fj.06-6558com
- 168Karpov AA, Udalova DV, Pliss MG, Galagudza MM. Can the outcomes of mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy for myocardial infarction be improved? Providing weapons and armour to cells. Cell Prolif. 2017; 50(2): 1–16. DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12316
- 169Gonzalez-King H, García NA, Ontoria-Oviedo I, Ciria M, Montero JA, Sepúlveda P. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α potentiates jagged 1-mediated angiogenesis by mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes. Stem Cells. 2017; 35(7): 1747–59. DOI: 10.1002/stem.2618
- 170Hahn JY, Cho HJ, Kang HJ, Kim TS, Kim MH, Chung JH, et al. Pre-treatment of mesenchymal stem cells with a combination of growth factors enhances gap junction formation, cytoprotective effect on cardiomyocytes, and therapeutic efficacy for myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008; 51(9): 933–43. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.11.040
- 171Blocki A, Beyer S, Dewavrin JY, Goralczyk A, Wang Y, Peh P, et al. Microcapsules engineered to support mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) survival and proliferation enable long-term retention of MSCs in infarcted myocardium. Biomaterials [Internet]. 2015; 53: 12–24. DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.02.075
- 172Kai D, Wang QL, Wang HJ, Prabhakaran MP, Zhang Y, Tan YZ, et al. Stem cell-loaded nanofibrous patch promotes the regeneration of infarcted myocardium with functional improvement in rat model. Acta Biomater [Internet]. 2014; 10(6): 2727–38. DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.02.030
- 173Chu J, Shi P, Yan W, Fu J, Yang Z, He C, et al. PEGylated graphene oxide-mediated quercetin modified collagen hybrid scaffold for enhancement of MSCs differentiation potential and diabetic wound healing. Nanoscale. 2018; 10(20): 9547–60. DOI: 10.1039/C8NR02538J
- 174Chen Z, Chen L, Zeng C, Wang WE. Functionally improved mesenchymal stem cells to better treat myocardial infarction. Stem Cells Int. 2018. Article Id: 7045245. DOI: 10.1155/2018/7045245
