References
- Adler, PS and Kwon, SW. 2002. Social capital: Prospects for a new concept. Academy of Management Review, 27(1): 17–40. DOI: 10.5465/amr.2002.5922314
- Akram, MW, Akram, N, Shahzad, F, et al. 2023. Blockchain technology in a crisis: Advantages, challenges, and lessons learned for enhancing food supply chains during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Cleaner Production, 434: 140034. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.140034
- Avvenuti, M, Bellomo, S, Cresci, S, et al. 2020. Towards better social crisis data with HERMES: Hybrid sensing for emergency management System. Pervasive and Mobile Computing, 67: 101225. DOI: 10.1016/j.pmcj.2020.101225
- Azevedo, L. 2022.
Communication with Internal and External Stakeholders . In: Crisis Communication Planning and Strategies for Nonprofit Leaders. Routledge. pp. 81–91. DOI: 10.4324/9781003147480-7 - Basbug Erkan, B, Crawley, FP and Murray, V. 2023. The need for data policy in times of crisis an IDPC CODATA Report following a scientific workshop held on 22 October 2022 in Leiden, The Netherlands. Data Science Journal, 22(1): 43. DOI: 10.5334/dsj-2323-043
- Benaben, F, Montarnal, A, Truptil, S, et al. 2017. A conceptual framework and a suite of tools to support crisis management. In: The 50th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Hawaii on
4 January 2017 , pp. 237–246. DOI: 10.24251/HICSS.2017.029 - Bennett, D. 2019. Information and Communication Technology in Crisis and Disaster Management locked. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics, 2019. DOI: 10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.1582
- Bernardo, T, Sobkowich, KE, Forrest, RO, et al. 2021. Collaborating in the time of COVID-19: The scope and scale of innovative responses to a global pandemic. JMIR Public Health Surveill, 7(2):
e25935 . DOI: 10.2196/25935 - BIS (Bank for International Settlements). 2013. Principles for Effective Risk Data Aggregation and Risk Reporting, 2013. Available at
https://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs239.pdf [Last accessed 17 Jan 2024]. - Black, M, Moncada, K and Herstad, K. 2021. Critical steps in data management during a crisis. Cytometry Part A, 99(1): 60–67. DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24265
- BOHAČEK, L. 2022. Mutual trust in EU law: trust ‘in what’ and ‘between whom’? European Journal of Legal Studies, 14(1): 103–140.
https://hdl.handle.net/1814/74554 . - Bump, JB, Friberg, P and Harper, DR. 2021. International collaboration and COVID-19: What are we doing and where are we going? BMJ, 372: n180. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n180
- Bundy, J, Pfarrer, MD, Short, C, et al. 2017. Crises and crisis management: Integration, interpretation, and research development. Journal of Management, 43(6): 1661–1692. DOI: 10.1177/0149206316680030
- Cambien, N. 2017. Mutual recognition and mutual trust in the internal market. European Papers, 2(1): 93–115. DOI: 10.15166/2499-8249/142
- Carroll, SR, Garba, I, Figueroa-Rodríguez, OL, et al. 2020. The CARE Principles for Indigenous Data Governance. Data Science Journal, 19(1): 43. DOI: 10.5334/dsj-2320-043
- Carroll, SR, Rodriguez-Lonebear, D and Martinez, A. 2019. Indigenous data governance: Strategies from United States Native Nations. Data Sci, 18(1): 31. DOI: 10.5334/dsj-2319-031
- CEBE (Concise encyclopedia of business ethics). n.d. Ethical Theory: Utilitarianism. Available at
https://conciseencyclopedia.org/entries/ethical-theory-utilitarianism/ [Last accessed 22 January 2024]. - Chanthujan, C, Raj, P, Max, S, et al. 2022. Earthquake early warning systems based on low-cost ground motion sensors: A systematic literature review. Frontiers in Sensors, 2022(2). DOI: 10.3389/fsens.2022.1020202
- Christensen, T and Lægreid, P. 2020. The coronavirus crisis-crisis communication, meaning-making, and reputation management. International Public Management Journal, 23(5): 713–729. DOI: 10.1080/10967494.2020.1812455
- Climate Investment Funds (CIF) and The World Bank Group (WBG). 2021. COVID-19 and Climate-Smart Health Care: Health Sector Opportunities for a Synergistic Response to the COVID-19 and Climate Crises. Available at
https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/736871635222977110/pdf/COVID-19-and-Climate-Smart-Health-Care-Health-Sector-Opportunities-for-a-Synergistic-Response-to-the-COVID-19-and-Climate-Crises.pdf [Last accessed 12 August 2023]. - CODATA, CODATA International Data Policy Committee, CODATA and CODATA China High-level International Meeting on Open Research Data Policy and Practice, et al. 2019. The Beijing Declaration on Research Data. Zenodo. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3552330 [Last accessed 2 March 2023].
- CODATA, IRDR (Integrated Research on Disaster Risk), RADI, CAS (The Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth of the Chinese Academy of Science), et al. 2020. Policy Brief: Are we There Yet? The Transition from Response to Recovery for the COVID-19 Pandemic. Available at
https://codata.org/initiatives/task-groups/fair-data-for-disaster-risk-research/policy-brief-series/ [Last accessed 12 August 2023]. - Congressional Research Service. 2020. Tracking COVID-19: U.S. Public Health Surveillance and Data. Available at
https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R46588 [Last accessed 21 August 2023]. - Davidson, J, Engelhardt, C, Proudman, V, et al. 2019. D3.1 FAIR Policy Landscape Analysis (v1.0_draft). FAIRsFAIR. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3558173
- Essendorfer, B, Sander, J, Nistor, MS, et al. 2020.
Distributed Data and Information Management for Crisis Forecasting and Management . In: Ahram, T, Karwowski, W, Pickl, S, et al. (eds.), Human Systems Engineering and Design, 1026: 813–819. Cham: Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-27928-8_124 - FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). 2020. COVID-19 Crisis and Support for Agrifood: Public Sector Responses through the Financial Sector. Available at
https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3878778?ln=zh_CN [Last accessed 12 August 2023]. - FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency). 2017. National Incident Management System. Third Edition. Available at
https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-07/fema_nims_doctrine-2017.pdf [Last accessed 24 Jan 2024]. - Filippi, P, Mannan, M and Reijers, W. 2020. Blockchain as a confidence machine: The problem of trust & challenges of governance. Technology in Society, 62: 101284. DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101284
- GOARN (Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network), IFRC (International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies), UNICEF (United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund), et al. 2021. COVID-19 Global Risk Communication and Community Engagement Strategy- Interim Guidance. Available at
https://www.ifrc.org/sites/default/files/20281_RCCE_GlobalStrategy_v09_RC_WEB_spreads_23dec.pdf [Last accessed 12 August 2023]. - Goksu, A and Kamiloglu, B. 2023. Türkiye-Syria Earthquake: How AI and Emerging Tech are Helping Relief Efforts. Available at
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2023/02/turkiye-syria-earthquake-ai-emerging-tech-relief-efforts [Last accessed 12 September 2023]. - Gündoğan, M and Ata, M. 2021. Resource management in crisis situations. European Journal of Science and Technology, 27: 935–941. DOI: 10.31590/ejosat.955560
- Hansen, HK and Porter, T. 2017. What do big data do in global governance? Global Governance, 23(1), 31–42. DOI: 10.1163/19426720-02301004
- Haq, AU, Aima, A and Bhasin, J. 2011. Business process reengineering and crises management: A conceptual framework. In: The 2nd Review of Management and Economic Engineering International Management Conference. Cluj-Napoca, Romania on
15th–17th September 2011 , pp. 376–382. - Hassankhani, M, Alidadi, M, Sharifi, A, et al. 2021. Smart city and crisis management: Lessons for the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(15): 7736. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157736
- Hazaa, YMH, Almaqtari, FA and Al-Swidi, A. 2021. Factors influencing crisis management: A systematic review and synthesis for future research. Cogent Business & Management, 8: 1. DOI: 10.1080/23311975.2021.1878979
- IFRC (International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies). 2021. Climate Smart Disaster Risk Management Programming during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Available at
https://www.ifrc.org/document/climate-smart-programming-COVID19 [Last accessed 12 September 2023]. - IFRC (International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies) and RCCC (Red Crescent Climate Centre). 2020. Climate-related Extreme Weather Events and COVID-19: A First Look at the Number of People Affected by Intersecting Disasters. Available at
https://www.ifrc.org/document/climate-related-extreme-weather-events-and-covid-19-first-look-number-people-affected [Last accessed 12 August 2023]. - ISC (International Science Council), CODATA (Committee on Data of the International Science Council), IRDR (Integrated Research on Disaster Risk), et al. 2020. Harnessing Data to Accelerate the Transition from Disaster Response to Recovery. Available at
https://council.science/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Policy-Brief-Harnessing-Data.pdf [Last accessed 2 March 2023]. - ISC (International Science Council) and UNDRR (United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction). 2020. Hazard Definition & Classification Review: Technical Report, pp. 1–87. Available at
https://www.preventionweb.net/media/47681 [Last accessed 12 August 2023]. - KFF. 2020. U.S. Global Funding for COVID-19 by Country and Region. Available at
https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/issue-brief/u-s-global-funding-for-covid-19-by-country-and-region/ [Last accessed 21 August 2023]. - Lee, JJ and Haupt, JP. 2021. Scientific globalism during a global crisis: research collaboration and open access publications on COVID-19. Higher Education, 81: 949–966. DOI: 10.1007/s10734-020-00589-0
- Li, DR, Shao, ZF, Yu, WB, et al. 2020. Public epidemic prevention and control services based on big data of spatiotemporal location make cities smarter. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 45(4): 475–487, 556. DOI: 10.13203/j.whugis20200145
- Lin, D, Crabtree, J, Dillo, I, et al. 2020. The trust principles for digital repositories. Scientific Data, 7(1): 144. DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-0486-7
- Lin, TH, Huang, JT and Putranto, A. 2022. Integrated smart robot with earthquake early warning system for automated inspection and emergency response. Nat Hazards, 110: 765–786. DOI: 10.1007/s11069-021-04969-2
- Lindon, J, Robison, A and Schmid, A, et al. 2002. Is social capital really capital? Review of Social Economy, 60(1): 1–21. DOI: 10.1080/00346760110127074
- López, DR, Pallis, G, Jackson, T, et al. 2019. Data Gathering in Crisis Management. In: 2019 International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies for Disaster Management (ICT-DM). Paris, France on
18–20 December 2019 , pp.1–8. DOI: 10.1109/ICT-DM47966.2019.9032957 - Mao, Z, Zou, Q, Yao, H, et al. 2021. The application framework of big data technology in the COVID-19 epidemic emergency management in local government – A case study of Hainan Province, China. BMC Public Health, 21: 2001. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12065-0
- Mora, S and Divitini, M. 2014.
WATCHiT: A Modular and Wearable Tool for Data Collection in Crisis Management and Training . In: Aarts, E, et al. (eds.), Ambient Intelligence. AmI 2014. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 8850. Cham: Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-14112-1_22 - Munawar, HS, Mojtahedi, M, Hammad, AWA, et al. 2022. Disruptive technologies as a solution for disaster risk management: A review. Science of The Total Environment, 806: Part 3. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151351
- Murray, V, Abrahams, J, Abdallah, C, et al. 2021. Hazard Information Profiles: Supplement to UNDRR-ISC Hazard Definition & Classification Review: Technical Report. Geneva, Switzerland: United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction.
- Ndlela, MN. 2019.
Stakeholder Approaches in Crisis Management . In: Crisis Communication. Palgrave Pivot, Cham. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-97256-5_2 - Nola, R. 2007.
The hypothetico-deductive method . In Theories of Scientific Method: An Introduction (Philosophy and Science). Acumen Publishing. pp. 170–184. DOI: 10.1017/UPO9781844653881.008 - NSFC (National Science Foundation of China). 2020. Emergency Funding Guidelines for “Corporation, Governance, and Influence of Public Health Events in COVID-19.” Available at
https://www.nsfc.gov.cn/publish/portal0/tab434/info77448.htm (In Chinese) [Last accessed 21 August 2023]. - OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development). 2020. OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19) Why Open Science is Critical to Combatting COVID-19. Available at
https://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/why-open-science-is-critical-to-combatting-covid-19-cd6ab2f9/ [Last accessed 12 August 2023]. - OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development). 2021. Open Data in Action: Initiatives During the Initial Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Available at
https://www.oecd.org/gov/digital-government/open-data-in-action-initiatives-during-the-initial-stage-of-the-covid-19-pandemic.pdf [Last accessed 2 March 2023]. - Panda, M. 2015. Learning crisis management information system from open crisis data using hybrid soft computing. International Journal of Hybrid Intelligent Systems, 12(3): 145–156. DOI: 10.3233/HIS-150212
- Park, YE. 2022. Developing a COVID-19 crisis management strategy using news media and social media in big data analytics. Social Science Computer Review, 40(6): 1358–1375. DOI: 10.1177/08944393211007314
- Paulus, D, Fathi, R, Fiedrich, F, et al. 2022. On the interplay of data and cognitive bias in crisis information management an exploratory study on epidemic response. Information Systems Frontiers, 1–25. DOI: 10.1007/s10796-022-10241-0
- Pisani, A, Kanuri, N, Filbin, B, et al. 2019. Protecting user privacy and rights in academic data-sharing partnerships: principles from a pilot program at crisis text line. J Med Internet Res, 21(1):
e11507 . DOI: 10.2196/11507 - RDA (Research Data Alliance). 2020a. RDA Strategic Plan 2020–2023. Available at
https://www.rd-alliance.org/about-rda/rda-strategic-plan-2020-2023 [Last accessed 2 March 2023]. - RDA (Research Data Alliance). 2020b. RDA COVID-19 Recommendations and Guidelines for Data Sharing. Zenodo. Available at
https://zenodo.org/record/3932953#.Y-2LIHZBzGJ [Last accessed 12 August 2023]. - RDA (Research Data Alliance). 2020c. Enhancing Access to Research Data to Combat COVID-19: Recommendations to Funders. Available at
https://one.oecd.org/document/DSTI/STP/GSF(2021)13/FINAL/en/pdf [Last accessed 12 August 2023]. - Reuter, C, Ludwig, T, Kotthaus, C, et al. 2017. Big data in a crisis? Creating social media datasets for crisis management research. i-com, 15(3): 249–264. DOI: 10.1515/icom-2016-0036
- Rogova, GL. 2016.
Crisis Management and Context . In: Rogova, G, Scott, P (eds.), Fusion Methodologies in Crisis Management. Cham: Springer. pp. 107–119. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22527-2_6 - Roller, R, Roes, J and Verbree, E. 2015. Benefits of linked data for interoperability during crisis management. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 211–218. DOI: 10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-3-W3-211-2015
- Science International. 2015. Open Data in A Big Data World. Paris: International Council for Science (ICSU), International Social Science Council (ISSC), The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS), InterAcademy Partnership (IAP), article 3. Available at
https://council.science/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/open-data-in-big-data-world_long.pdf [Last accessed 14 September 2023]. - Shah, VK. 2015. Artificial Intelligence Management in Financial Crisis. In: 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Computing Research. Madurai, India on
10–12 December 2015 , pp. 1–6. DOI: 10.1109/ICCIC.2015.7435807 - Shivakumar, BL, Raju, T and Hannah, RF. 2010. Cloud computing: a silver lining in the dark clouds of crisis management of economic slowdown. Asia Pacific Business Review, 6(3): 99–105. DOI: 10.1177/097324701000600308
- Spence, PR, Lachlan, KA and Rainear, AM. 2016. Social media and crisis research: data collection and directions. Computers in Human Behavior, 54(1): 667–672. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.08.045
- Stabile, B, Simon, K, Thornton, TE, et al. 2022. Diversity and inclusion in emergency management and first response: Accounting for race and gender in codes of ethics in the United States. Public Integrity, 24(1): 82–101. DOI: 10.1080/10999922.2020.1862540
- Stephens, K and Malone, P. 2010.
New Media for Crisis Communication: Opportunities for Technical Translation, Dialogue, and Stakeholder Responses . In: The Handbook of Crisis Communication. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. pp. 381–395. DOI: 10.1002/9781444314885.ch18 - Sun, S, Zhong, L, Law, R, et al. 2022. A proposed DISE approach for tourist destination crisis management. Sustainability, 14(17): 11009. DOI: 10.3390/su141711009
- The Royal Society. 2023. Creating Resilient and Trusted Data Systems: The Public Perspective and Recommendations for Action. pp. 1–7. Available at
https://royalsociety.org/-/media/policy/projects/data-for-emergencies/Creating-resilient-and-trusted-data-systems---Royal-Society.pdf [Last accessed 21 August 2023]. - UN (United Nations). 2015. The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030, pp. 10. Available at
https://www.undrr.org/implementing-sendai-framework/what-sendai-framework [Last accessed 2 March 2023]. - UN (United Nations). 2021a. Data Privacy, Ethics, and Protection Guidance Note on Big Data for Achievement of the 2030 Agenda. Available at
https://unsdg.un.org/sites/default/files/UNDG_BigData_final_web.pdf [Last accessed 2 March 2023]. - UN (United Nations). 2021b. Comprehensive Response to COVID-19: Saving Lives, Protecting Societies, Recovering Better (Third Edition). Available at
https://unsdg.un.org/resources/un-comprehensive-response-covid-19-saving-lives-protecting-societies-recovering-better [Last accessed 12 August 2023]. - UN (United Nations). n.d. What is the Rule of Law. Available at
https://www.un.org/ruleoflaw/what-is-the-rule-of-law/ [Last accessed 11 February 2024]. - UNDRR (United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction) and UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). 2022. Data and Digital Maturity for Disaster Risk Reduction: Informing the Next Generation of Disaster Loss and Damage Databases. Available at
https://www.undrr.org/publication/data-and-digital-maturity-disaster-risk-reduction-informing-next-generation-disaster [Last accessed 2 March 2023]. - UNDRR (United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction). 2020a. Review of COVID-19 Disaster Risk Governance in Asia-Pacific: Towards Multi-Hazard and Multi-Sectoral Disaster Risk Reduction. Available at
https://www.undrr.org/publication/review-covid-19-disaster-risk-governance-asia-pacific-towards-multi-hazard-and-multi [Last accessed 12 August 2023]. - UNDRR (United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction). 2020b. UNDRR Asia-Pacific COVID-19 Brief: Combating the Dual Challenges of Climate-related Disasters and COVID-19. Available at
https://www.undrr.org/publication/undrr-asia-pacific-covid-19-brief-combating-dual-challenges-climate-related-disasters [Last accessed 12 August 2023]. - UNDRR (United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction). 2022a. Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction 2022 – Our World at Risk: Transforming Governance for a Resilient Future. Available at
https://www.undrr.org/publication/global-assessment-report-disaster-risk-reduction-2022 [Last accessed 12 August 2023]. - UNDRR (United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction). 2022b. UNDRR Americas & Caribbean COVID-19 Brief: Science and Technology for DRR in the Context of COVID-19. Available at
https://www.undrr.org/publication/undrr-americas-caribbean-covid-19-brief-science-and-technology-drr-context-covid-19 [Last accessed 12 August 2023]. - UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). 2021. UNESCO Recommendation on Open Science. Available at
https://en.unesco.org/science-sustainable-future/open-science/recommendation [Last accessed 12 September 2023]. - UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees). 2014. Planned Relocations, Disasters, and Climate Change: Consolidating Good Practices and Preparing for the Future: Consolidating Good Practices and Preparing for the Future. Available at
https://www.unhcr.org/54082cc69.pdf [Last accessed 6 March 2023]. - UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees). 2023. Türkiye-Syria Earthquake. Available at
https://www.unhcr.org/sy/earthquake-emergency [Last accessed 14 September 2023]. - UNICEF (United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund). 2019. Deploying Open Data Tools and Standards to Support UNICEF Global Public Indicators. Available at
https://data.unicef.org/open-data/ [Last accessed 2 March 2023]. - UNOLA (United Nations Office of Legal Affairs). 2023. Materials on the Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts (2nd edition), Chap II, Art. 51. pp. 517–521. Available at
https://legal.un.org/legislativeseries/pdfs/volumes/english/book25.pdf [Last accessed 11 February 2024]. - Van der Meer, TG, Verhoeven, P, Beentjes, HW, et al. 2017. Communication in Times of Crisis: The Stakeholder Relationship under Pressure. Public Relations Review, 43(2): 426–440. DOI: 10.1016/j.pubrev.2017.02.005
- Velev, D and Zlateva, P. 2012. A Feasibility Analysis of Emergency Management with Cloud Computing Integration. International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, 3(2): 188–193.
- Waldeck, A, Srivastava, P and Picken, HA. 2020. Emerging Stronger from the COVID-19 Crisis: Recover, Reposition, and Redesign. Population Health Management, 23(5): 339–343. DOI: 10.1089/pop.2020.0188
- WFP (World Food Programme) and UNECA (United Nations Economic Commission for Africa). 2021. Monitoring Report on the Impacts of COVID-19 in West Africa. Available at
https://reliefweb.int/report/benin/monitoring-report-impacts-covid-19-west-africa-august-2021 [Last accessed 21 August 2023]. - WHO (World Health Organization). 2019. Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management Framework, 30 July 2019. Available at
https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/9789241516181 [Last accessed 6 March 2023]. - WHO (World Health Organization). 2020a. World Health Organization Data Principles. Available at
https://www.who.int/data/principles [Last accessed 27 January 2024]. - WHO (World Health Organization). 2020b. GLOSSARY of Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management Terminology. Available at
https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240003699 [Last accessed 6 March 2023]. - WHO (World Health Organization). 2020c. A Global Collaboration to Accelerate the Development, Production, and Equitable Access to New COVID-19 diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines, 24 April 2020. Available at
https://www.who.int/news/item/24-04-2020-commitment-and-call-to-action-global-collaboration-to-accelerate-new-covid-19-health-technologies [Last accessed 19 August 2023]. - WHO (World Health Organization). 2020d. Listings of WHO’s Response to COVID-19, 29 June 2020. Available at
https://www.who.int/news/item/29-06-2020-covidtimeline [Last accessed 23 August 2023]. - WHO (World Health Organization). 2020e. Leading and Partnering to Deliver COVID-19 Tools to the World. Available at
https://www.who.int/about/accountability/results/who-results-report-2020-2021/leading-and-partnering-to-deliver-covid-19-tools-to-the-world [Last accessed 20 August 2020]. - WHO (World Health Organization). 2022. Policy Brief: Building Trust through Risk Communication and Community Engagement, 14 September 2022. Available at
https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-2019-nCoV-Policy_Brief-RCCE-2022.1 [Last accessed 12 August 2023]. - Wilkinson, MD, Dumontier, M, Aalbersberg, IJ, et al. 2016. The FAIR Guiding Principles for Scientific Data Management and Stewardship. Scientific Data, 3(160018): 167–172.
- World Economic Forum. 2020. Ten Technology Trends to Watch in the COVID-19 Pandemic, 27 April 2020. Available at
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/04/10-technology-trends-coronavirus-covid19-pandemic-robotics-telehealth/ [Last accessed 23 August 2023]. - WTO (World Trade Organization). 2020. Transparency – Why It Matters at Times of Crisis, 7 April 2020. Available at
https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/covid19_e/transparency_report_e.pdf [Last accessed 12 September 2023]. - WTO (World Trade Organization). 2021. Improving Trade Data for Products Essential to Fight COVID-19: A Possible Way Forward, 1 July 2021. Available at
https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/covid19_e/trade_data_report_e.pdf [Last accessed 12 August 2023]. - Xu, B, Gutierrez, B, Mekaru, S, et al. 2020. Epidemiological data from the COVID-19 outbreak, real-time case information. Sci Data, 7(106). DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-0448-0
- Zagorecki, AT, Johnson, DEA and Ristvej, J. 2013. Data Mining and Machine Learning in the Context of Disaster and Crisis Management. International Journal of Emergency Management, 9(4): 351–365. DOI: 10.1504/IJEM.2013.059879
