References
- 1Auerbach, J, Barthelmess, EL, Cavalier, D, Cooper, CB, Fenyk, H, Haklay, M, Hulbert, JM, Kyba, CCM, Larson, LR, Lewandowski, E and Shanley, L. 2019. The problem with delineating narrow criteria for citizen science. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(31): 15336–15337. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1909278116
- 2Bishop, IJ, Warner, S, van Noordwijk, TCGE, Nyoni, FC and Loiselle, S. 2020. Citizen Science Monitoring for Sustainable Development Goal Indicator 6.3.2 in England and Zambia. Sustainability, 12(24): 10271. DOI: 10.3390/su122410271
- 3Campbell, J, Neuner, J, See, L, Fritz, S, Fraisl, D, Espey, J and Kim, A. 2020. The role of combining national official statistics with global monitoring to close the data gaps in the environmental SDGs. Statistical Journal of the IAOS, 36(2): 443–453. DOI: 10.3233/SJI-200648
- 4Conrad, CC and Hilchey, KG. 2011. A review of citizen science and community-based environmental monitoring: issues and opportunities. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 176(1–4): 273–291. DOI: 10.1007/s10661-010-1582-5
- 5Dang, H-AH and Serajuddin, U. 2020. Tracking the sustainable development goals: Emerging measurement challenges and further reflections. World Development, 127: 104570. DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.05.024
- 6de Sherbinin, A, Bowser, A, Chuang, T-R, Cooper, C, Danielsen, F, Edmunds, R, Elias, P, Faustman, E, Hultquist, C, Mondardini, R, Popescu, I, Shonowo, A and Sivakumar, K. 2021. The Critical Importance of Citizen Science Data. Frontiers in Climate, 3: 650760. DOI: 10.3389/fclim.2021.650760
- 7Downs, RR, Ramapriyan, HK, Peng, G and Wei, Y. 2021. Perspectives on citizen science data quality. Frontiers in Climate, 3: 615032. DOI: 10.3389/fclim.2021.615032
- 8Eitzel, MV, Cappadonna, JL, Santos-Lang, C, Duerr, RE, Virapongse, A, West, SE, Kyba, CCM, Bowser, A, Cooper, CB, Sforzi, A, Metcalfe, AN, Harris, ES, Thiel, M, Haklay, M, Ponciano, L, Roche, J, Ceccaroni, L, Shilling, FM, Dörler, D, Heigl, F, Kiessling, T, Davis, BY and Jiang, Q. 2017. Citizen science terminology matters: Exploring key terms. Citizen Science: Theory and Practice, 2(1): 1. DOI: 10.5334/cstp.96
- 9Fraisl, D, Campbell, J, See, L, Wehn, U, Wardlaw, J, Gold, M, Moorthy, I, Arias, R, Piera, J, Oliver, JL, Masó, J, Penker, M and Fritz, S. 2020. Mapping citizen science contributions to the UN sustainable development goals. Sustainability Science, 15(6): 1735–1751. DOI: 10.1007/s11625-020-00833-7
- 10Fraisl, D, Hager, G, Bedessem, B, Gold, M, Hsing, P-Y, Danielsen, F, Hitchcock, CB, Hulbert, JM, Piera, J, Spiers, H, Thiel, M and Haklay, M. 2022a. Citizen science in environmental and ecological sciences. Nature Reviews Methods Primers, 2(1): 64. DOI: 10.1038/s43586-022-00144-4
- 11Fraisl, D, See, L, Sturn, T, MacFeely, S, Bowser, A, Campbell, J, Moorthy, I, Danylo, O, McCallum, I and Fritz, S. 2022b. Demonstrating the potential of Picture Pile as a citizen science tool for SDG monitoring. Environmental Science & Policy, 128: 81–93. DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2021.10.034
- 12Fritz, S, See, L, Carlson, T, Haklay, M (Muki), Oliver, JL, Fraisl, D, Mondardini, R, Brocklehurst, M, Shanley, LA, Schade, S, Wehn, U, Abrate, T, Anstee, J, Arnold, S, Billot, M, Campbell, J, Espey, J, Gold, M, Hager, G, He, S, Hepburn, L, Hsu, A, Long, D, Masó, J, McCallum, I, Muniafu, M, Moorthy, I, Obersteiner, M, Parker, AJ, Weissplug, M and West, S. 2019. Citizen science and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Nature Sustainability, 2(10): 922–930. DOI: 10.1038/s41893-019-0390-3
- 13Haklay, M, Fraisl, D, Greshake Tzovaras, B, Hecker, S, Gold, M, Hager, G, Ceccaroni, L, Kieslinger, B, Wehn, U, Woods, S, Nold, C, Balázs, B, Mazzonetto, M, Ruefenacht, S, Shanley, LA, Wagenknecht, K, Motion, A, Sforzi, A, Riemenschneider, D, Dorler, D, Heigl, F, Schaefer, T, Lindner, A, Weißpflug, M, Mačiulienė, M and Vohland, K. 2021. Contours of citizen science: a vignette study. Royal Society Open Science, 8(8): 202108. DOI: 10.1098/rsos.202108
- 14Higgins, K and Cornforth, J. 2015. Civil Society and SDG Monitoring. Harnessing Civil Society and Citizen-generated data. URL:
http://civicus.org/images/SDG%20Monitoring%20-%20DataShift%20Background%20Note%20-%20Final.pdf . - 15HLPF. 2023. Voluntary National Reviews. Available at:
https://hlpf.un.org/vnrs . - 16IAEG-SDGs. 2018. Guidelines on Data Flows and Global Data Reporting for Sustainable Development Goals. Available at:
https://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/49th-session/documents/BG-Item-3a-IAEG-SDGs-DataFlowsGuidelines-E.pdf . - 17ISWGHS. 2019. Achieving the Full Potential of Household Surveys in the SDG Era. Available at:
https://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/50th-session/documents/BG-Item4c-ISWGHS-E.pdf . - 18KNBS. 2022. Kenya Statistical Quality Assurance Framework – KeSQAF. Available at: Kenya Statistical Quality Assurance Framework – KeSQAF – Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (
knbs.or.ke ). - 19MacDonald, C. 2012. Understanding participatory action research: A qualitative resarch methodology option. Canadian Journal of Action Research, 13(2): 34–50. DOI: 10.33524/cjar.v13i2.37
- 20MacFeely, S and Nastav, B. 2019. “You say you want a [data] revolution”: A proposal to use unofficial statistics for the SDG Global Indicator Framework. Statistical Journal of the IAOS, 35(3): 309–327. DOI: 10.3233/SJI-180486
- 21Olen, SM. 2022. Citizen science tackles plastics in Ghana. Nature Sustainability, 5(10): 814–815. DOI: 10.1038/s41893-022-00980-y
- 22PARIS21, PSA, and PSRTI. 2020. Use of CGD for SDG reporting in the Philippines: A case study. Available at:
https://paris21.org/sites/default/files/inline-files/PSA-report-FINAL.pdf (Last accessed 28 September 2022). - 23Price-Jones, V, Brown, PMJ, Adriaens, T, Tricarico, E, Farrow, RA, Cardoso, AC, Gervasini, E, Groom, Q, Reyserhove, L, Schade, S, Tsinaraki, C and Marchante, E. 2022. Eyes on the aliens: citizen science contributes to research, policy and management of biological invasions in Europe. NeoBiota, 78: 1–24. DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.78.81476
- 24Proden, E. 2021a. Deliverable 5.1 Initial report on relevance and quality-related considerations of citizen-science generated data. Crowd4SDG Project. Crowd4SDG Project. Geneva, Switzerland: UNITAR. Available at:
http://www.crowd4sdg.eu/ (Last accessed 28 September 2022). - 25Proden, E. 2021b.
Deliverable 5.2 Data usability assessment and recommendations for SDGs GEAR Cycle 2 . Crowd4SDG Project. Geneva, Switzerland: UNITAR. Available at:https://crowd4sdg.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/D5.2-Data-usability-assessment.pdf (Last accessed 28 September 2022). - 26Proden, E, Bett, K, Chen, H, Duerto Valero, S, Fraisl, D, Gamez, G, MacFeely, S, Mondardini, R, See, L and Min, Y. 2022a. Citizen science data to track SDG progress: Low-hanging fruit for Governments and National Statistical Offices. Policy Brief. Available at:
https://unitar.org/sites/default/files/media/publication/doc/2022%20Policy%20Brief%20NSOs%20%26%20CSD%204%20SDGs%20By%20Crowd4SDGs%20%26%20International_Organisations_0.pdf . - 27Proden, E, Zodeougin-Quist, A and Imaralieva, M. 2022b.
Deliverable 5.3 Deliverable 5.3 Data usability assessment and recommendations for SDGs GEAR Cycle 3 . Crowd4SDG Project. Geneva, Switzerland: UNITAR. - 28Republic of Ghana. 2019. Ghana Statistical Service Act 2019 (ACT 1003).
https://statsghana.gov.gh/gssmain/storage/img/STATISTICAL%20SERVICE%20ACT,%202019%20(ACT%201003).pdf . - 29Shirk, JL, Ballard, HL, Wilderman, CC, Phillips, T, Wiggins, A, Jordan, R, McCallie, E, Minarchek, M, Lewenstein, BV, Krasny, ME and Bonney, R. 2012. Public participation in scientific research: A framework for deliberate design. Ecology and Society, 17(2): 29. DOI: 10.5751/ES-04705-170229
- 30Sieber, RE and Haklay, M. 2015. The epistemology(s) of volunteered geographic information: a critique. Geo: Geography and Environment, 2(2): 122–136. DOI: 10.1002/geo2.10
- 31UK Statistics Authority and Office for Statistics Regulation. 2023. Code of Practice for Statistics. Available at:
https://code.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/ . - 32UN. 2012. Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 27 July 2012. 66/288. The future we want. Available at:
https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/generalassembly/docs/globalcompact/A_RES_66_288.pdf . - 33UN. 2015. Sustainable Development Goals. Available at:
https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/ . - 34UN. 2020. IAEG-SDGs Inter-agency and Expert Group on SDG Indicators. Available at:
https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/iaeg-sdgs/ . - 35UN. 2023. SDG indicators. United Nations Global SDG Database. Available at:
https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/database/ . - 36UN OHCHR. 2018. A Human Rights-Based Approach to Data. Leaving No One Behind in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
OHCHR Guidance Note to Data Collection and Disaggregation . Geneva, Switzerland: United Nations. Available at:https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/HRIndicators/GuidanceNoteonApproachtoData.pdf (Last accessed 28 September 2022). - 37UNDESA. 2019. United Nations National Quality Assurance Frameworks Manual for Official Statistics. New York: United Nations. Available at:
https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/dataquality/references/1902216-UNNQAFManual-WEB.pdf . (Last accessed 28 September 2022). - 38UNEP. 2019. Measuring Progress: Towards Achieving the Environmental Dimension of the SDGs. Available at:
https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/27627 . - 39UNEP. 2021a. Measuring Progress: Environment and the SDGs. Available at:
https://www.unep.org/resources/publication/measuring-progress-environment-and-sdgs . - 40UNEP. 2021b. Understanding the State of the Ocean: A Global Manual on Measuring SDG 14.1.1, SDG 14.2.1 and SDG 14.5.1.
https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/35086/USO.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y . - 41UNFPOS. 2014. General Assembly Resolution 68/261. UN Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics. 29 January 2014.
- 42UNSD. 2022. The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2022. Available at:
https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2022/The-Sustainable-Development-Goals-Report-2022.pdf .