Figure 1
Age distribution of biodiversity recorders compared with adult population in Ireland using Healthy Ireland Survey (HI).
Figure 2
Highest education attainment of biodiversity recorders compared with adult population in Ireland using Healthy Ireland Survey (HI). Low indicates less than primary, primary, and lower secondary education; medium indicates upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education; high indicates short-cycle tertiary, bachelors, masters, and doctoral education. 95% confidence intervals are based on difference in proportions tests.
Table 1
Demographic characteristics of biodiversity recorders compared with adult population in Ireland using Healthy Ireland Survey.
| Characteristic | ybrs (%) | ypop (%) | ybrs – ypop (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lives in urban area | 41.06 | 63.30 | –22.25*** |
| Male | 44.68 | 49.12 | –4.44 |
| Age class: | |||
| 18–24 years | 2.37 | 9.77 | –7.40*** |
| 25–44 years | 35.21 | 41.18 | –5.97** |
| 45–64 years | 51.18 | 31.85 | 19.33*** |
| 65+ years | 11.24 | 17.20 | –5.96*** |
| Highest education attained: | |||
| None to lower secondary | 4.46 | 30.93 | –26.47*** |
| Upper secondary to post-secondary non-tertiary | 30.36 | 38.00 | –7.65*** |
| Bachelor’s degree or above | 65.18 | 31.07 | 34.11*** |
| Employment status: | |||
| Retired | 14.04 | 12.23 | 1.81 |
| Employed | 68.71 | 54.68 | 14.03*** |
| Unemployed | 2.92 | 8.12 | –5.20*** |
| Permanently sick/disabled | 2.63 | 3.94 | –1.31 |
| Caring for home/family | 5.85 | 13.95 | –8.10*** |
| In education/training | 4.39 | 6.57 | –2.18* |
| Marital status: | |||
| Married/civil partnership | 72.94 | 59.61 | 13.34*** |
| Single | 17.35 | 30.12 | –12.77*** |
| Separated | 3.24 | 3.14 | 0.09 |
| Divorced | 3.24 | 18.04 | 1.43 |
| Widowed | 2.65 | 5.33 | –2.68*** |
| Has private health insurance | 63.17 | 42.53 | 20.65*** |
[i] ybrs denotes proportion of biodiversity recorders; ypop denotes proportion of the population.
*** denotes significance at the 99% level.
** denotes significance at the 95% level.
* denotes significance at the 90% level.
Table 2
Demographic characteristics of biodiversity recorders compared with older adult population in Ireland using The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA).
| Characteristic | ybrs (%) | ypop (%) | ybrs – ypop (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lives in urban area | 35.50 | 56.44 | –20.94*** |
| Male | 50.60 | 47.84 | 2.76 |
| Age class: | |||
| 50–64 years | 76.97 | 44.51 | 32.46*** |
| 65+ years | 23.03 | 55.49 | –32.46*** |
| Highest education attained: | |||
| None to lower secondary | 4.88 | 58.14 | –53.26*** |
| Upper secondary to post-secondary non-tertiary | 39.02 | 31.82 | 7.20* |
| Bachelor’s degree or above | 56.10 | 10.04 | 46.06*** |
| Employment status: | |||
| Retired | 28.40 | 46.74 | –18.34*** |
| Employed | 33.73 | 19.80 | 13.92*** |
| Self-employed | 22.49 | 10.81 | 11.68*** |
| Unemployed | 2.37 | 3.92 | –1.55 |
| Permanently sick/disabled | 4.14 | 5.20 | –1.06 |
| Caring for home/family | 4.14 | 12.48 | –8.34*** |
| In education/training | 2.37 | 0.34 | 2.03* |
| Marital status: | |||
| Married | 70.24 | 63.00 | 7.24** |
| Living with partner | 7.14 | 2.20 | 4.94** |
| Single | 7.14 | 10.99 | –3.85* |
| Separated | 3.57 | 4.08 | –0.51 |
| Divorced | 5.36 | 2.99 | 2.37 |
| Widowed | 5.36 | 16.74 | –11.38*** |
| Household income: | |||
| €0–10 000 | 3.27 | 10.97 | –7.70*** |
| €10 000–20 000 | 10.46 | 23.34 | –12.88*** |
| €20 000–40 000 | 32.03 | 35.03 | –3.01 |
| €40 000–70 000 | 33.99 | 21.27 | 12.72*** |
| €70 000–120 000 | 9.80 | 7.22 | 2.58 |
| €120 000+ | 2.61 | 2.17 | 0.45 |
| Has private health insurance | 64.67 | 53.28 | 11.39*** |
[i] ybrs denotes proportion of biodiversity recorders; ypop denotes proportion of the population.
*** denotes significance at the 99% level.
** denotes significance at the 95% level.
* denotes significance at the 90% level.
Figure 3
Household income distribution comparison of biodiversity recorders with older adult population in Ireland using The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). Note that 95% confidence intervals are based on difference in proportions tests.
Figure 4
Health and well-being characteristics of biodiversity recorders compared with those of adult population in Ireland using Healthy Ireland Survey (HI).
Table 3
Health and well-being characteristics of biodiversity recorders compared with those of adult population in Ireland using Healthy Ireland Survey (HI).
| Characteristic | ybrs (%) | ypop (%) | ybrs – ypop (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Self-reported health: | |||
| Very good | 39.34 | 42.10 | –2.77 |
| Good | 48.75 | 42.47 | 6.28** |
| Fair | 8.59 | 12.91 | –4.32*** |
| Bad | 3.05 | 2.06 | 0.99 |
| Very bad | 0.28 | 0.45 | –0.17 |
| Long-term health limitation: | |||
| Severe | 1.39 | 3.41 | –2.03*** |
| Not severe | 22.16 | 16.45 | 5.71** |
| No limitation | 75.90 | 80.01 | –4.11* |
| Health conditions: | |||
| Respiratory condition | 6.16 | 8.52 | –2.35* |
| Heart condition | 10.27 | 14.17 | –3.90** |
| Allergy | 17.09 | 9.90 | 7.19*** |
| Depression | 13.68 | 6.14 | 7.53*** |
| IPAQ score: | |||
| High | 43.53 | 30.27 | 13.26*** |
| Moderate | 38.80 | 38.72 | 0.08 |
| Low | 14.20 | 22.06 | –7.86*** |
[i] ybrs denotes proportion of biodiversity recorders; ypop denotes proportion of the population.
*** denotes significance at the 99% level.
** denotes significance at the 95% level.
* denotes significance at the 90% level.
Figure 5
International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) score distribution of biodiversity recorders compared with that of older adult population in Ireland using Healthy Ireland Survey (HI). Note that 95% confidence intervals are based on difference in proportions tests.
Table 4
Health and well-being characteristics of biodiversity recorders compared with those of older adult population in Ireland using The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA).
| Characteristic | ybrs (%) | ypop (%) | ybrs – ypop (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Self-reported health: | |||
| Very good | 35.64 | 13.00 | 22.64*** |
| Good | 51.06 | 31.96 | 19.10*** |
| Fair | 9.58 | 35.24 | –25.67*** |
| Bad | 3.19 | 16.09 | –12.90*** |
| Very bad | 0.53 | 3.71 | –3.18*** |
| Long-term health limitation: | |||
| Severe | 1.60 | 8.30 | –6.71*** |
| Not severe | 23.94 | 18.51 | 5.43* |
| No limitation | 73.94 | 73.18 | 0.76 |
| Health conditions: | |||
| Respiratory condition | 5.66 | 2.61 | 3.05** |
| Heart condition | 13.96 | 6.83 | 7.13*** |
| Depression | 13.51 | 2.47 | 11.04*** |
| Physical activity (IPAQ) score: | |||
| High | 44.59 | 25.80 | 18.79*** |
| Moderate | 38.85 | 34.33 | 4.52 |
| Low | 11.47 | 23.48 | –12.01*** |
| Social Network Index: | |||
| Most isolated | 9.09 | 9.64 | –0.55 |
| Moderately isolated | 33.94 | 27.30 | 6.64* |
| Moderately integrated | 40.00 | 39.67 | –0.33 |
| Most integrated | 15.76 | 22.88 | –7.12** |
| Weekly attendance at religious services | 19.65 | 65.39 | –45.74*** |
| Membership of club/community group | 69.43 | 47.72 | 21.71*** |
[i] ybrs denotes proportion of biodiversity recorders; ypop denotes proportion of the population.
*** denotes significance at the 99% level.
** denotes significance at the 95% level.
* denotes significance at the 90% level.
Figure 6
Center for Epidemiological Studies depression (CES-D) score distribution of biodiversity recorders compared with that of older adult population in Ireland using The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). A CES-D score of 9 or above indicates clinical depression.
Figure 7
Berkman-Syme Social Network Index distribution of biodiversity recorders compared with that of older adult population in Ireland using The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). Note that 95% confidence intervals are based on difference in proportions tests.
Table 5
Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition of health and well-being outcomes using Healthy Ireland Survey (HI) and The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA).
| Models | I: Healthy (%) | II: Active (%) | III: Depression (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Population: HI | |||
| Pr(ybrs ≠ 0) | 87.11 | 82.01 | 13.87 |
| Pr(ypop ≠ 0) | 84.58 | 69.10 | 6.16 |
| Pr(ybrs ≠ 0) – Pr(ypop ≠ 0) | 2.53 | 12.91 | 7.72 |
| Explained | 5.99 | 0.15 | –2.67 |
| Unexplained | –3.46 | 12.76 | 10.39 |
| Population: TILDA | |||
| Pr(ybrs ≠ 0) | 85.00 | 83.57 | 13.77 |
| Pr(ypop ≠ 0) | 44.54 | 60.26 | 2.48 |
| Pr(ybrs ≠ 0) – Pr(ypop ≠ 0) | 40.45 | 23.22 | 11.29 |
| Explained | 14.82 | 11.93 | –0.36 |
| Unexplained | 25.63 | 11.29 | 11.65 |
[i] ybrs denotes proportion of biodiversity recorders; ypop denotes proportion of the population.
Models I, II, and III are logit models that control for age, gender, urban or rural residence, marital status, highest education attained, employment status, socioeconomic status, and (for TILDA only) social connectedness. For all models, the reference category is the population (i.e., equation (4) in Supplemental File 2, Appendix B). Models I and III also control for level of physical activity.
Model I outcome variable is whether respondent reports “very good” or “good” general health.
Model II outcome variable is whether respondent achieves “moderate” IPAQ score or higher.
Model III outcome variable is whether respondent reports having been diagnosed with depression.
Table 6
Attitudes towards the environment in biodiversity recorders compared with those of adult population in Ireland using Special Eurobarometer 468.
| Characteristic | ybrs (%) | ypop (%) | ybrs – ypop (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Environmental issues of concern1: | |||
| Decline/extinction of species and ecosystems | 92.82 | 25.00 | 67.82*** |
| Shortage of drinking water | 11.01 | 32.00 | –20.99*** |
| Increasing frequency of floods/droughts | 8.85 | 29.00 | –20.15*** |
| Pollution of rivers/lakes | 54.07 | 45.00 | 9.07*** |
| Marine pollution | 47.37 | 20.00 | 27.37*** |
| Air pollution | 12.44 | 36.00 | –23.56*** |
| Noise pollution | 2.15 | 14.00 | –11.85*** |
| Climate change | 55.50 | 49.00 | 6.50*** |
| Increasing levels of waste | 52.63 | 46.00 | 6.63*** |
| Agricultural pollution | 53.35 | 30.00 | 23.35*** |
| Environmental protection “very important” | 87.44 | 59.00 | 28.44*** |
| Environmental issues have direct effect on daily life and health | 73.74 | 48.00 | 25.74*** |
| Individual can play role in environmental protection | 72.15 | 64.00 | 8.15*** |
[i] ybrs denotes proportion of biodiversity recorders; ypop denotes proportion of the population.
*** denotes significance at the 99% level.
** denotes significance at the 95% level.
* denotes significance at the 90% level.
1 Respondents were asked to choose up to four issues that were of highest importance to them.
Figure 8
Environmental issues of concern for biodiversity recorders compared with those of adult population in Ireland using Eurobarometer (EB).
Figure 9
Demographic characteristics of biodiversity recorders compared with those of adult population in Ireland using Healthy Ireland Survey (HI).