Table 1
Overview of the cases at the time of the study.
| Letters and Correspondents around 1900 | Digitizing Belle van Zuylen’s Correspondence | Sailing Letters | Gouda on Paper | Transcribe Bentham | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Start of project | 2009 | 2010 | November 2011 | November 2011 | September 2010 |
| End of project | November 2016 | Ongoing | October 2012 | Ongoing | Ongoing |
| No. of recruited (registered) citizens | 20 | 7 | 100 | 60 | 3.000 |
| No. of active* citizen participants | 20 | 5 | 100 | 50 | 11 |
| Type of documents | Letters | Letters | Letters | Books and Manuscripts | Manuscripts and letters |
| Scope of project ** | 1,912 letters | 1,762 letters | 5,862 letters | 1,000 pages | 15,634 pages |
| Type of tasks | Adding metadata Transcribing Annotating | Modernizing Annotating | Adding metadata Transcribing | Transcribing Translating | Transcribing Encoding |
[i] * Refers to people who have been actively engaged in the project during the period of study.
** Number of letters or pages transcribed or translated in the project up to March 2016.
Table 2
Data sources.
| Source | Letters and Correspondents around 1900 | Digitizing Belle van Zuylen’s Correspondence | Sailing Letters | Gouda on Paper | Transcribe Bentham |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interviews (formal and informal) | 9 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 9 |
| Observations* | – | 6 | – | 15 | – |
| Documents | |||||
| Manual (versions) | 5 | 5 | 6 | 12 | 3 |
| Website/blog | 1 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 2 |
| Other project documents | 1 | 1 | 4 | 12 | 2 |
| News articles (incl. recruiting open calls) | – | 1 | 2 | 4 | 1 |
| Minutes of meetings | – | 1 | – | 7 | 2 |
[i] * Projects with no observations had no training sessions during the research period.
Table 3
Different configurations of knowledge management activities.
| Letters and Correspondents around 1900 | Digitizing Belle van Zuylen’s Correspondence | Sailing Letters | Gouda on Paper | Transcribe Bentham | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accessing knowledge: recruiting participants | Targeted call | Targeted call | Targeted and open calls | Open call | Open call |
| Sharing and integrating knowledge | Training Regular comm. Manual | Training Regular comm. Meetings Manual | Regular comm. Forum Manual | Training Regular comm. Meetings Manual | Regular comm. Forum Manual |
| Coordinating knowledge: organizing tasks | Individual | Individual | Individual Rotation (in workflow) | Group discussions | Individual Rotation (optional) |
| Assessing knowledge work: evaluating contributions’ quality | Peer-reviews and Peer-expert reviews | Professional-expert review | Peer-expert reviews | Peer-expert reviews | Professional-expert reviews |
Figure 1
Possible configurations of knowledge-management activities in citizen science.