Figure 1
RDoC matric through the lens of Predictive Processing. Computational models based on a predictive processing framework provide mesoscale insight into psychopathologies, generating testable hypotheses regarding data produced in different units. Furthermore, psychopathologies may be conceptualized as the aberrant encoding of internal models, influenced by developmental and environmental factors.
Figure 2
Integrating units of analysis with predictive processing framework across psychosis continuum. A. Attenuation of mismatch negativity (MMN) illustrates aberrant sensory prediction error across the psychosis spectrum, from healthy individuals with psychosis-like experiences to those with established psychotic disorders. B. predictive processing framework generates testable hypotheses for specific RDoC constructs, exemplified here by the auditory MMN circuit within the perception construct. C. Hypothesis are investigated using predictive processing paradigms, leveraging generative models to integrate data across molecular, cellular, and physiological levels. In this context, our example connects auditory predictive processing to a spectrum of biomarkers, each reflecting different units of analysis from genes to behavior. D. Predictive processing explanations are then revised based on empirical data.
Table 1
Recent Studies Examining Mismatch Negativity (MMN) as an Index of Auditory Prediction Error Across Various Units of Analysis.
| GENES | MOLECULES | CELLS | CIRCUITS | PHYSIOLOGY | BEHAVIOR | SELF-REPORTS | PARADIGM | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Larsen et al. (2024) | NMM | MMN Network | EEG | CAPE, PANSS | Auditory oddball | |||
| Larsen et al. (2020) | NMM | MMN Network | EEG | CAPE, PANSS | Stochastic mismatch negativity | |||
| Dzafic et al. (2021) | NMM | MMN Network | EEG | Statistical learning | CAPE, PANSS | Reversal auditory oddball | ||
| Dzafic et al. (2020) | NMM | MMN Network | EEG | Statistical learning | PQ | Reversal auditory oddball | ||
| Larsen et al. (2018) | NMM | MMN Network | EEG | SIPS | Auditory roving oddball | |||
| Rosch et al. (2019) | Ketamine | CMC | MMN microcircuit | EEG | Auditory roving oddball | |||
| Adams et al. (2022) | CMC | MMN microcircuit | EEG, fMRI | APSS | Auditory oddball | |||
| Bhat et al. (2021) | FAM89A and ENGASE | EEG | Auditory oddball | |||||
| Donaldson et al. (2020) | EEG | SAPS | Auditory oddball | |||||
| Taylor et al. (2020) | fMRI | SAPS, SANS | Auditory oddball | |||||
| Weber et al. (2020) | Ketamine | EEG | Statistical learning | Auditory roving oddball |
[i] Note. Abbreviations: CAPE = Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences; MMN = Mismatch Negativity; NMM = Neural Mass Models; CMC = Canonical Microcircuit; PANSS = Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; SAPS = Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms; SANS = Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms; APSS = Auditory Perceptual State Score; SIPS = Structured Interview for Prodromal Symptoms, PQ = Prodromal Questionnaire.