References
- 1Ashinoff, B. K., Singletary, N. M., Baker, S. C., & Horga, G. (2021). Rethinking delusions: A selective review of delusion research through a computational lens. Schizophrenia Research, S0920996421000657. DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.01.023
- 2Baker, S. C., Konova, A. B., Daw, N. D., & Horga, G. (2019). A distinct inferential mechanism for delusions in schizophrenia. Brain, 142(6), 1797–1812. DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz051
- 3Banca, P., Vestergaard, M. D., Rankov, V., Baek, K., Mitchell, S., Lapa, T., Castelo-Branco, M., & Voon, V. (2015). Evidence accumulation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: The role of uncertainty and monetary reward on perceptual decision-making thresholds. Neuropsychopharmacology, 40(5), 1192–1202. 10.1038/npp.2014.303
- 4Bennett, D., Sutcliffe, K., Tan, N. P.-J., Smillie, L. D., & Bode, S. (2021). Anxious and Obsessive-Compulsive traits are independently associated with valuation of noninstrumental information. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 150(4), 739–755. 10.1037/xge0000966
- 5Charpentier, C. J., Cogliati Dezza, I., Vellani, V., Globig, L. K., Gädeke, M., & Sharot, T. (2022). Anxiety increases information-seeking in response to large changes. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 7385. 10.1038/s41598-022-10813-9
- 6Clark, D. A., & Beck, A. T. (2011). Cognitive Therapy of Anxiety Disorders: Science and Practice. Guilford Press.
- 7Corlett, P. R., & Schoenbaum, G. (2021). Leveraging basic science for the clinic—From bench to bedside. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(3), 331–334. 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.3656
- 8Crockett, M. J., Clark, L., Smillie, L. D., & Robbins, T. W. (2012). The effects of acute tryptophan depletion on costly information sampling: Impulsivity or aversive processing? Psychopharmacology, 219(2), 587–597. 10.1007/s00213-011-2577-9
- 9Fear, C. F., & Healy, D. (1997). Probabilistic reasoning in obsessive–compulsive and delusional disorders. Psychological Medicine, 27(1), 199–208. 10.1017/S0033291796004175
- 10Ferrante, M., & Gordon, J. A. (2021). Computational phenotyping and longitudinal dynamics to inform clinical decision-making in psychiatry. Neuropsychopharmacology, 46(1), 243–244. 10.1038/s41386-020-00852-z
- 11Foa, E. B., Mathews, A., Abramowitz, J. S., Amir, N., Przeworski, A., Riggs, D. S., Filip, J. C., & Alley, A. (2003). Do patients with Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder have deficits in decision-making? Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27(4), 431–445. 10.1023/A:1025424530644
- 12Furl, N., & Averbeck, B. B. (2011). Parietal cortex and insula relate to evidence seeking relevant to reward-related decisions. Journal of Neuroscience, 31(48), 17572–17582. 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4236-11.2011
- 13Grassi, G., Pallanti, S., Righi, L., Figee, M., Mantione, M., Denys, D., Piccagliani, D., Rossi, A., & Stratta, P. (2015). Think twice: Impulsivity and decision making in obsessive–compulsive disorder. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 4(4), 263–272. 10.1556/2006.4.2015.039
- 14Hauser, T. U., Moutoussis, M., Iannaccone, R., Brem, S., Walitza, S., Drechsler, R., Dayan, P., & Dolan, R. J. (2017). Increased decision thresholds enhance information gathering performance in juvenile Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). PLOS Computational Biology, 13(4),
e1005440 . 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005440 - 15Henry, J. D., & Crawford, J. R. (2005). The short-form version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21): Construct validity and normative data in a large non-clinical sample. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44(2), 227–239. 10.1348/014466505X29657
- 16Hezel, D. M., Stewart, S. E., Riemann, B. C., & McNally, R. J. (2019). Standard of proof and intolerance of uncertainty in obsessive-compulsive disorder and social anxiety disorder. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 64, 36–44. 10.1016/j.jbtep.2019.02.002
- 17Huq, S. F., Garety, P. A., & Hemsley, D. R. (1988). Probabilistic judgements in deluded and non-deluded subjects. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 40, 801–812. 10.1080/14640748808402300
- 18Huys, Q. J. M., Maia, T. V., & Frank, M. J. (2016). Computational psychiatry as a bridge from neuroscience to clinical applications. Nature Neuroscience, 19(3), 404–413. 10.1038/nn.4238
- 19Jacobsen, P., Freeman, D., & Salkovskis, P. (2012). Reasoning bias and belief conviction in obsessive-compulsive disorder and delusions: Jumping to conclusions across disorders? British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 51(1), 84–99. 10.1111/j.2044-8260.2011.02014.x
- 20Levy, I., Snell, J., Nelson, A. J., Rustichini, A., & Glimcher, P. W. (2010). Neural representation of subjective value under risk and ambiguity. Journal of Neurophysiology, 103(2), 1036–47. 10.1152/jn.00853.2009
- 21Leys, C., Ley, C., Klein, O., Bernard, P., & Licata, L. (2013). Detecting outliers: Do not use standard deviation around the mean, use absolute deviation around the median. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49(4), 764–766. 10.1016/j.jesp.2013.03.013
- 22Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1996). Manual for the depression anxiety stress scales. Psychology Foundation of Australia. 10.1037/t01004-000
- 23Maia, T. V., Cooney, R. E., & Peterson, B. S. (2008). The neural bases of obsessive–compulsive disorder in children and adults. Development and Psychopathology, 20(4), 1251–1283. 10.1017/S0954579408000606
- 24Menzies, L., Chamberlain, S. R., Laird, A. R., Thelen, S. M., Sahakian, B. J., & Bullmore, E. T. (2008). Integrating evidence from neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies of obsessive-compulsive disorder: The orbitofronto-striatal model revisited. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 32(3), 525–549. 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.09.005
- 25Miller, G. A., & Chapman, J. P. (2001). Misunderstanding analysis of covariance. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110(1), 40–48. 10.1037/0021-843X.110.1.40
- 26Morein-Zamir, S., Shapher, S., Gasull-Camos, J., Fineberg, N. A., & Robbins, T. W. (2020). Avoid jumping to conclusions under uncertainty in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. PLOS ONE, 15(1),
e0225970 . 10.1371/journal.pone.0225970 - 27Pélissier, M.-C., & O’Connor, K. P. (2002). Deductive and inductive reasoning in obsessive-compulsive disorder. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 41(1), 15–27. 10.1348/014466502163769
- 28Pushkarskaya, H., Tolin, D., Ruderman, L., Henick, D., Kelly, J. M., Pittenger, C., & Levy, I. (2017). Value-based decision making under uncertainty in hoarding and obsessive- compulsive disorders. Psychiatry Research, 258, 305–315. 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.08.058
- 29Pushkarskaya, H., Tolin, D., Ruderman, L., Kirshenbaum, A., Kelly, J. M., Pittenger, C., & Levy, I. (2015). Decision-making under uncertainty in obsessive–compulsive disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 69, 166–173. 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.08.011
- 30Rachman, S. (2002). A cognitive theory of compulsive checking. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40(6), 625–639. 10.1016/S0005-7967(01)00028-6
- 31Ruscio, A. M., Stein, D. J., Chiu, W. T., & Kessler, R. C. (2010). The epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Molecular Psychiatry, 15(1), Article 1. 10.1038/mp.2008.94
- 32Sachdev, P. S., & Malhi, G. S. (2005). Obsessive–Compulsive behaviour: A disorder of decision-making. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 39, 757–763. 10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01680.x
- 33So, S. H., Siu, N. Y., Wong, H., Chan, W., & Garety, P. A. (2016). ‘Jumping to conclusions’ data-gathering bias in psychosis and other psychiatric disorders—Two meta-analyses of comparisons between patients and healthy individuals. Clinical Psychology Review, 46, 151–167. 10.1016/j.cpr.2016.05.001
- 34Spielberger, C. (1983). Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory: STAI (Form Y). Palo Alto. 10.1037/t06496-000
- 35Strauss, A. Y., Fradkin, I., & Huppert, J. D. (2021). Disentangling doubt and checking behaviors and examining their association with obsessive compulsive symptoms. Clinical Psychological Science, 1–16. 10.1177/2167702621993868
- 36Strauss, A. Y., Fradkin, I., McNally, R. J., Linkovski, O., Anholt, G. E., & Huppert, J. D. (2020). Why check? A meta-analysis of checking in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Threat vs. distrust of senses. Clinical Psychology Review, 75, 101807. 10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101807
- 37Tom, S. M., Fox, C. R., Trepel, C., & Poldrack, R. A. (2007). The neural basis of loss aversion in decision-making under risk. Science, 315(5811), 515–8. 10.1126/science.1134239
- 38Verona, E., & Miller, G. A. (2015).
Analysis of covariance . In The Encyclopedia of Clinical Psychology (pp. 136–142). Wiley. 10.1002/9781118625392.wbecp224 - 39Volans, P. J. (1976). Styles of decision-making and probability appraisal in selected obsessional and phobic patients. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 15(3), 305–317. 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1976.tb00038.x
- 40Voon, V., Droux, F., Morris, L., Chabardes, S., Bougerol, T., David, O., Krack, P., & Polosan, M. (2017). Decisional impulsivity and the associative-limbic subthalamic nucleus in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Stimulation and connectivity. Brain, 140(2), 442–456. 10.1093/brain/aww309
- 41Woody, S., & Rachman, S. (1994). Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) as an unsuccessful search for safety. Clinical Psychology Review, 14(8), 743–753. 10.1016/0272-7358(94)90040-X